The advantage of lidar over other wind sensors is presented in this paper. With more than 20 years research, the development of the space-borne wind lidar is reviewed. Longer-term investigation has made many technolog...The advantage of lidar over other wind sensors is presented in this paper. With more than 20 years research, the development of the space-borne wind lidar is reviewed. Longer-term investigation has made many technologies suitable for the wind lidar measurement from an orbital platform become mature. However, there are still some problems to be solved. In order to obtain the optimal performance in wind detection, great importance is being attached to the simulation of a virtual space-borne wind lidar system on computer as developed by NASA and ESA.展开更多
This study evaluates the vertical profiles of aerosol and cloud optical properties in 40 dominated dust and smoke regions in Western-Northern Africa (WNA) and Central-Southern Africa (CSA), respectively, from the surf...This study evaluates the vertical profiles of aerosol and cloud optical properties in 40 dominated dust and smoke regions in Western-Northern Africa (WNA) and Central-Southern Africa (CSA), respectively, from the surface to 10km and from 2008 to 2011 based on LIVAS (LIdar climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure for space-based lidar simulation studies). Aerosol extinction (AE), aerosol backscatter (AB), and aerosol depolarization (AD) generally increase from the surface to 1.2 km and decrease from 1.2 km to the upper layers in both WNA and CSA. AE and AB in CSA (maximum of 0.13 km<sup>-1</sup>, 0.14 km<sup>-1</sup>, 0.0021 km<sup>-1</sup>‧sr<sup>-1</sup>, 0.0033 km<sup>-1</sup>‧sr<sup>-1</sup>) are higher than in WNA (maximum of 0.07 km<sup>-1</sup>, 0.08 km<sup>-1</sup>, 0.0017 km<sup>-1</sup>‧sr<sup>-1</sup>, 0.0015 km<sup>-1</sup>‧sr<sup>-1</sup>) at 532 and 1064 nm respectively. AD in WNA (maximum of 0.25) is significantly higher than in CSA (maximum of 0.05). There is a smooth change with the height of cloud extinction and backscatter in WNA and CSA, while there is a remarkable increase of cloud depolarization with height, whereby it is high in CSA and low in WNA due to high and low fraction of cirrus respectively. Altocumulus has the highest extinction in NA (0.0139 km<sup>-1</sup>), CA (0.058 km<sup>-1</sup>), WA (0.013 km<sup>-1</sup>), while low overcast transparent (0.76 km<sup>-1</sup>) below 1 km in SA. The major findings of this study may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of aerosol-cloud interaction studies in dominated dust and smoke aerosol regions.展开更多
基金supported by National High Tech 863 Project(No.2002AA135280)National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40176011International Bureau of BMBF
文摘The advantage of lidar over other wind sensors is presented in this paper. With more than 20 years research, the development of the space-borne wind lidar is reviewed. Longer-term investigation has made many technologies suitable for the wind lidar measurement from an orbital platform become mature. However, there are still some problems to be solved. In order to obtain the optimal performance in wind detection, great importance is being attached to the simulation of a virtual space-borne wind lidar system on computer as developed by NASA and ESA.
文摘This study evaluates the vertical profiles of aerosol and cloud optical properties in 40 dominated dust and smoke regions in Western-Northern Africa (WNA) and Central-Southern Africa (CSA), respectively, from the surface to 10km and from 2008 to 2011 based on LIVAS (LIdar climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure for space-based lidar simulation studies). Aerosol extinction (AE), aerosol backscatter (AB), and aerosol depolarization (AD) generally increase from the surface to 1.2 km and decrease from 1.2 km to the upper layers in both WNA and CSA. AE and AB in CSA (maximum of 0.13 km<sup>-1</sup>, 0.14 km<sup>-1</sup>, 0.0021 km<sup>-1</sup>‧sr<sup>-1</sup>, 0.0033 km<sup>-1</sup>‧sr<sup>-1</sup>) are higher than in WNA (maximum of 0.07 km<sup>-1</sup>, 0.08 km<sup>-1</sup>, 0.0017 km<sup>-1</sup>‧sr<sup>-1</sup>, 0.0015 km<sup>-1</sup>‧sr<sup>-1</sup>) at 532 and 1064 nm respectively. AD in WNA (maximum of 0.25) is significantly higher than in CSA (maximum of 0.05). There is a smooth change with the height of cloud extinction and backscatter in WNA and CSA, while there is a remarkable increase of cloud depolarization with height, whereby it is high in CSA and low in WNA due to high and low fraction of cirrus respectively. Altocumulus has the highest extinction in NA (0.0139 km<sup>-1</sup>), CA (0.058 km<sup>-1</sup>), WA (0.013 km<sup>-1</sup>), while low overcast transparent (0.76 km<sup>-1</sup>) below 1 km in SA. The major findings of this study may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of aerosol-cloud interaction studies in dominated dust and smoke aerosol regions.
