Strategies for Applying LED Lights in Night Space Lighting for Bridges

LED lights have been widely used in urban night space lighting in recent years as they are small,energy-saving,and efficient.This article explores the use of LEDs in bridge night space lighting and their application strategies.The aim is to offer valuable insights and references for urban planners and bridge lighting designers in China.By advancing the application of LED technology in bridge night lighting,the goal is to enhance the city’s nighttime ambiance,making the bridge an iconic landmark and a defining feature of the city.

Modified Lorentz Transformations and Space-Time Splitting According to the Inverse Relativity Model

Analysis of a four-dimensional displacement vector on the fabric of space-time in the special or general case into two Four-dimensional vectors, according to specific conditions leads to the splitting of the total fabric of space-time into a positive subspace-time that represents the space of causality and a negative subspace-time which represents a space without causality, thus, in the special case, we have new transformations for the coordinates of space and time modified from Lorentz transformations specific to each subspace, where the contraction of length disappears and the speed of light is no longer a universal constant. In the general case, we have new types of matric tensor, one for positive subspace-time and the other for negative subspace-time. We also find that the speed of the photon decreases in positive subspace-time until it reaches zero and increases in negative subspace-time until it reaches the speed of light when the photon reaches the Schwarzschild radius.

Structured Light 3D Vision Based on Laser Scanning Space-encoding and Its Synchro Control

This paper presents the principle and mathematic model for the 3D depth map method based on space encoding images performed by modulating scanning structuredlight according to time sequences,and the synchro control among the camera,laser diode modulation and scanning polyhedron.

Effects of Light Source in Road Green Spaces on the Growth of Picea koraiensis in Harbin

With Picea koraiensis as the research object which have similar growth vigor in a same habitat, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, weight of dry-matter and leaf color change of Picea koraiensis in different lighting conditions were determined. Environment without light sources was taken as the control group. The results showed that different light sources and different distances from light sources to plants had diversified impact on the photosynthetic physiology of Picea koraiensis. Among these different color lights, green light had the least influence on Picea koraiensis, yellow light and purple light had greater influence.

The Architectural Expression of Space and Form Created by the Light in the Works of Alvaro Siza

The light is an important element which helps people perceive objects. Therefore, it is important for architects to make the light and space be in harmony with each other. In this study, we analyzed the works of Alvaro Siza with a view to understand the conceptual value of the light expressed in his works and his principles in controlling it. According to the results of the study, the Siza’s architecture is not a mere theoretical one trapped inside formality, but is a sensual and experiential one based on the locality. He was willing to use void spaces to invite the light in free-flowing plans, in order to invigorate and extend architectural spatiality to create deeper visual effect. In addition, the refined light in his works helped visitors experience the continuous forms and spaces by their own movements, while using the changes of the light to stimulate the interest of visitors and highlight the sequence of spaces.

Philosophical Approach to Space Fabric and Propagation of Light

First, the paper proposes that a cosmological entity such as a photon and a physical entity such as an electron belong to two different levels of the Universe. The cosmological entities do not have any physical parameters. Thus, several mysteries of quantum physics are still unresolved because both are considered in the same paradigm. This paper further estab-lishes that the spatial space (medium of propagation) is a fabric made of different cosmo-logical substances. It explains how the space fabric plays an important role in creating dif-ferent cosmic phenomena such as gravitation, repulsion, cosmic inflation, and other mys-teries. This spatial space fabric accepts the electromagnetic wave by way of physical time, creating a spacetime continuum. Next, the paper proposes a new vision that explains how an electromagnetic wave transports photons from an emitter to a receiver with a constant velocity by outlining a new paradigm of time and space and precisely treating photons as cosmological substances. This vision explains how the second postulate of Einstein’s special theory of relativity remains valid even if the time dilation due to velocity is not a reality. The correctness of the approach is validated through the results obtained from previous well-known experiments.

Space Flight, Astronautics and Light Barrier

Amazing achievements and accomplishments of space science and technologies in the past half-century have profoundly affected all disciplines of natural science and engineering. By the end of 20(th) Century, man or man-made spacecrafts landed, or approached and surveyed all planets of solar system and their moons except Pluto. Biologists believe that life may emerge and evolve wherever liquid water exists. No liquid water is ever found yet on all planets and their moons in Solar System except for our Earth. Our mother planet turned out to be the only life-supporting oasis within 4 light years of the Milky Way. It is suggested in this article that time has come for science and engineering communities to study and prepare interstellar flight of manned or unmanned spacecrafts beyond Solar System. Four issues are to be addressed as prerequisite for such flight, namely, detailed survey of nearby space beyond Solar System, design of nuclear fusion rocket engine, long-sustainable on-board life-supporting system and breakthrough of the light barrier.

Optical Design and Stray Light Analysis of the Space Infrared Optical System

This article describes a novel configuration design for a re-imaging off-axis catadioptric space infrared optical system,and in order to satisfy the signal noise ratio requirements of the system,the stray light of the system is necessary to analyze and restrain. The optical system with a focal length of 1 200 mm,an entrance pupil diameter of 600 mm,an F-number of 2,a field of view of 3°× 0. 15°,a working wave band of 8 μm-10 μm,and the image quality of the optical system almost approach to diffraction limits in all field of view.Then the mathematical models of stray light are built,and the suppressive structure is established to eliminate the effect of stray light. Finally,TraceP ro is used to analyze and simulate stray light with and without the suppressive structure,and also get the results of the PST curves. The results indicate that appropriate optical system and suppressive structure can highly reduce the stray light of the space infrared optical system.

基于HSV空间的煤矿井下低光照图像增强方法

针对煤矿井下采集到的图像对比度低、光照不均和细节信息弱等问题,提出一种基于色相-饱和度-明度(Hue-Saturation-Value,HSV)颜色空间的煤矿井下低光照图像增强方法。该方法基于图像的HSV空间,通过对低光照图像的亮度通道V通道的主要结构和边缘细节分别进行对比度增强,这样可以更好地抑制图像细节丢失,同时可以较好地再现原图中的轮廓和纹理细节。首先,将输入的煤矿井下低光照图像转换到HSV空间,利用相对全变分滤波(RTV)与改进的边窗滤波(SWF),分别对提取的V通道图像进行主要结构提取和轮廓边缘保留,对其非线性灰度拉伸后利用主成分分析融合技术(PCA)重构V通道图像,即融合V通道图像的主要结构和精细结构,最后合成图像,完成图像增强。通过实验验证,提出的基于HSV空间的煤矿井下低光照图像增强方法,在色彩和边缘模糊处理等方面表现良好,在煤矿井下工作面等环境中,对图像进行定量和定性实验,结果表明,与6种方法相比,增强图像的对比度、自然度和图像细节方面表现更好。

株行距配置对冬小麦冠层结构、光环境及产量的影响

为明确株行距配置对冬小麦冠层光环境及产量的影响,本试验在大田条件下,以山农28作为供试品种,研究两个密度即150万hm^(-2)(D1)和225万hm^(-2)(D2)和3个行距即10 cm(R1)、15 cm(R2)、20 cm(R3)组配的6个株行距配置处理对小麦叶面积指数、叶倾角、叶片叶绿素含量、冠层光合有效辐射、群体光合速率、产量及其构成因素的影响,旨在优化冬小麦株行距配置,提高单产。结果表明,D1密度下小麦生育前期容易形成良好的冠层光环境,有助于营养物质积累,为高产打下基础;相同行距下开花期小麦群体的光合速率表现为D1>D2,说明D1密度有助于叶片中营养物质积累和向籽粒转移;D2密度下小麦生育后期的冠层光环境优于D1,有助于叶片营养物质的持续供应;R1行距下冠层光环境明显优于R2和R3,能够吸收更多的光能,光合作用能力更强。密度和行距二者互作对小麦产量及其构成因素的作用表现为:D1R1>D1R2>D1R3>D2R1>D2R2>D3R3。综上,调整株行距配置是提高冬小麦产量潜力的重要途径,D1R1株行距配置更有助于形成良好的冠层光环境,能够获得最高产量,为最佳株行距配置方式。

简谈航站楼消防应急照明设计

随着航空行业的迅速发展,航站楼作为航空客运的重要场所,体积越来越庞大、疏散路径越来越复杂、装修装饰要求越来越高,对消防应急照明设计的要求也越来越高。本文结合某航站楼高大空间多的特点,探讨应急照明设计的重要性,并针对项目中的实际问题提出一些应对措施及解决方案。

基于SSK的室内VLPC系统设计及性能分析

本文设计了一个多输入单输出(Multiple-Input Single-Output,MISO)的三维室内可见光定位通信一体化(Visible Light Position and Communication,VLPC)系统,该系统在接收端基于接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength,RSS)的三维可见光定位(Visible Light Position,VLP)算法获得定位数据,同时估计信道状态信息(Channel State Information,CSI)并上传给发射端进行定向通信.该系统的发射端基于空移键控(Space Shift Keying,SSK)的室内可见光通信(Visible Light Communication,VLC)技术实现系统的通信功能.另外,本方案可以完全避免通信与定位子系统之间的干扰.同时,通过推导定位误差的克拉美罗下界(Cramér-Rao Lower Bound,CRLB)和SSK-VLC的通信可达速率来评估本文提出的VLPC系统的性能.仿真结果验证了本文所提方案的有效性.

Faster than the Speed of Light Is a Quantum Phenomena

Classical Mechanics using Einstein’s theories of relativity places a limit on speed as the speed of light. Quantum Mechanics has no such limitation. To understand space accelerating faster than the speed of light and information being exchanged instantaneously between two entangled electrons separated by huge distances, one uses Planck’s length, Planck’s time, and Planck’s mass to indicate that space and time are discrete and therefore along with masses smaller than Planck’s mass are Quantum Mechanical in nature. Faster than the speed of light c = 3 × 108 m/s is a classical effect only in dimensions of space lower than our 3-D Universe, but it is a Quantum effect in all dimensions of space. Because space can oscillate sending out ripples from the source, it is the medium used for transporting light waves and gravity waves.

结合多源数据的第二产业时空变化发展研究

针对夜间灯光数据不能较好地解释第二产业空间布局的问题,本文提出了一种适合第二产业增加值空间化的新方法。该方法将筛选的POI数据与地表温度数据相结合,构建第二产业地表温度POI指数(STPI指数),并与农村居民点的夜间灯光数据耦合建模,以淮海经济区核心城市群为研究区开展研究。结果表明,相比于耦合土地利用数据与夜间灯光遥感数据方法,本文提出的第二产业空间化模型在2014、2016、2018、2020年各个年份的拟合优度(R 2分别为0.926、0.882、0.907、0.896)均优于前者(R 2分别为0.859、0.805、0.880、0.849),每年的平均相对误差均低于前者,平均值维持在10%左右。并以徐州市辖区为例,局部对比两种方法的第二产业空间化结果,本文方法可以显著提高第二产业增加值建模精度与空间化效果,其空间分布与实际更为吻合.本文结果可为有关部门制订区域经济发展规划提供一定的参考。

大坝安全巡检无人机最优图像采集工况试验研究

为提高大坝安全巡检无人机图像采集的有效性,针对拍摄距离、风速和光照条件三项重要影响因素,基于大疆Phantom 4 Pro无人机开展试验,分别结合图像自适应阈值二值化、无人机位移及深度学习方法对图像的信息提取效果进行评估,从而研究无人机大坝巡检最优的图形采集工况。研究结果表明,在拍摄距离为3 m、单向风速为2.5~4.0 m/s范围内、晴天背阳的光照条件下,无人机悬停能力较好,不会与被拍摄物体表面发生碰撞,且采集的图像质量最佳。优化了无人机图像采集方案,为基于无人机巡视大坝工作提供参考依据。未来可以进一步应用自动化巡检系统、传感器技术和智能飞行控制算法,实现无人机在大坝安全巡检中的全面应用。

组合光透视下小面积室内封闭空间分割方法

为提高室内空间的优化规划设计能力,提出基于点云数据语义分割的组合光透视下小面积室内封闭空间分割方法。构建小面积室内封闭空间的环境三维信息感知模型,采用室内空间点云提取室内封闭空间图像的坐标信息,结合语义组合特征分割方法将融合空间信息映射到高分辨空间异质单元结构中,引入几何约束的子空间投影特征信息,结合组合光透视的高分辨率分割图模型参数融合方法,提取小面积室内封闭的端元,采用点云数据语义分割方法实现空间分割。结果表明,采用该方法有效实现对复杂室内场景的三维重建,空间分割的均方根误差较低为0.808%,峰值信噪比较高42.156 dB,空间分割速度较快,平均为12.83 ms。

从照明到形象——城市夜间灯光的嬗变与发展研究

划分早期、近代、现代、当代四个历史阶段,从光源技术、应用场景、夜间生活、城市空间等多维视角出发,梳理不同阶段灯光在城市夜间的角色和功能演变进程,剖析其演变特点,总结出城市夜间灯光的“三个转向”,即空间转向、公共转向、功能转向,阐述灯光在当代城市夜间艺术化、媒介化、智慧化的发展现状与趋势。城市空间的拓展、数字化技术的革新将赋予灯光在夜间更强大的表现力和更多元的功能。

“双碳”背景下的城市地下空间光热环境的节能设计研究进展与展望

城市地下空间节能设计作为实现“双碳”目标的重要途径,其光热环境的调控受到学者们的广泛关注。目前已证实地下空间的光热环境具有巨大的节能潜力,但光热环境与节能设计之间的影响关系和结合途径尚未厘清。研究通过界定以人为本、取于自然、建筑节能等关键问题,深入解析城市地下空间设计对空间光热环境及能源消耗的影响,确定建筑节能的上下限,并提出地下空间光热环境节能的设计流程链,以期解决地下空间光热环境能耗高、碳排高的问题,为城市地下空间的能源使用效率与人居环境质量的提高提供参考。

基于光照需求的老旧小区公共空间更新设计研究

文章旨在探讨营造老旧小区公共空间高品质的光照场景与环境风貌的更新设计思路与应用策略。通过以天津本溪楼小区为例,运用问卷调研、访谈观察、需求卡片、行为注记等方法,剖析其公共空间的光环境资源分布、居民活动类型、行为习惯特征以及光照需求程度间的动态联系,提出遵循光照优先性、空间整体性、边界共享性、尺度适用性的设计原则。针对区内复合型街道、灵活型边界、开放型活动空间类型分别采取了功能融合与光照适配、场地互借与需求过渡、场景聚焦与群体共享的应用策略,有效提升了区内公共空间的光照资源的利用率与空间、设施功能适配的精准度,可使居民在日常活动中获得良好的光环境体验。

日间LED曝光干预对电竞青训员睡眠情况影响研究

近年来,电竞作为新兴体育运动全球迅猛发展,电竞选手和青训员数量大幅增加。然而,为了更好的视觉体验和功效,白天电竞训练常在低亮度环境(水平照度<200 lx)下进行,导致青训员缺乏足够光照刺激,易引发内分泌紊乱、昼夜节律紊乱、睡眠质量下降,以及视疲劳和注意力下降等问题。目前,关于光照强度、光谱、时间和持续时长对昼夜节律等非视觉效应的研究主要集中在医疗和办公空间,缺乏对电竞训练空间的研究。因此,本文以电竞青训员和训练空间光环境为研究对象,从改善电竞训练运动员视疲劳、昼夜节律、睡眠质量出发,在调查了解电竞训练空间光环境现状与电竞青训员训练作息安排、视疲劳和睡眠质量等情况的基础上,通过对比实验探究基于节律健康角度设置的训练作息适应性曝光模式对电竞青训员视疲劳缓解、注意力、睡眠质量改善的可能性。