First,the state space tree method for finding communication network overall re-liability is presented.It directly generates one disjoint tree multilevel polynomial of a networkgraph.Its advantages are smaller computat...First,the state space tree method for finding communication network overall re-liability is presented.It directly generates one disjoint tree multilevel polynomial of a networkgraph.Its advantages are smaller computational effort(its computing time complexity is O(en_l),where e is the number of edges and n_l is the number of leaves)and shorter resulting expression.Second,based on it an exact decomposition algorithm for finding communication network overallreliability is presented by applying the hypergraph theory.If we use it to carry out the m-timedecomposition of a network graph,the communication network scale which can be analyzed by acomputer can be extended to m-fold.展开更多
Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming....Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming. However, it has been precipitously introduced in cities, towns, and metropolitans. The introduction of the green practice was so abrupt that it became devoid to meeting the essential needs for tree growth, thus, failing to bring out the desired effects. Inappropriately selecting and planting trees in urban spaces has resulted in stressed trees that are deficient at reaching up to the calculated goals and in the long run end up being problematic. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the implications of planting southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) trees in the wrong urban space so as to aid in recommending sustainable green solutions for the urban community. By studying southern live oaks planted in Howell Community Park and three randomly selected areas in Southern University Baton Rouge Campus, this study analyzes how the selection of these tree species in the urban spaces influenced their growth and general well-being. These urban spaces were randomly drafted based on accessibility and availability of several southern live oaks. Planting approaches in the four study areas were explored and the general health condition of the trees was determined using the tree appraisal method presented by the i-tree model: my tree. ArcGIS collector was used to collect the GPS coordinates of the trees and ArcMap was used to generate the maps of the study areas. ArcMap software geolocated the coordinates of the southern live oaks in all the four-study areas. The software was used to generate shapefiles of the four study areas and their location in East Baton Rouge. The analysis of the results proved that none of the southern live oaks had an excellent health condition and most of the trees experienced different issues due to planting them in the wrong urban spaces.展开更多
Ecosystem services of urban green spaces play an important role in the sustainable development of the urban ecosystem. How to quantify the ecological benefits of urban green spaces and evaluate their ecological servic...Ecosystem services of urban green spaces play an important role in the sustainable development of the urban ecosystem. How to quantify the ecological benefits of urban green spaces and evaluate their ecological services is a hot topic in related fields. Currently, with the advancement of science and technology, the assessment method has been developed from the traditional ones such as the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers(CTLA) method, afforestation cost method, and carbon tax method to CITYgreen and i-Tree. The latter two models have been widely used in countries of Europe and America, while the use of i-Tree has not been promoted in China. In this paper, i-Tree Eco(UFORE) was selected for research, and its application in the assessment of the ecosystem services of urban green spaces, including energy saving, air quality improvement, interception of rainwater, and aesthetic benefits, were analyzed. This study aims to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the introduction and localization of i-Tree, as well as its generalization in the assessment of forest ecosystem services domestically.展开更多
Conservation of ancient and large trees in domestic and overseas cities was compared, ancient and large trees were regarded as important cultural relics playing an important role in optimizing urban natural environmen...Conservation of ancient and large trees in domestic and overseas cities was compared, ancient and large trees were regarded as important cultural relics playing an important role in optimizing urban natural environment and enriching urban humanistic and natural landscapes, and they were also important contents of urban garden works symbolizing urban parks. A case study was carried out Yunqizhujing Park to study conservation of ancient and large trees in park green spaces of Hangzhou City, solutions to current problems were proposed, and constructive suggestions were given for the conservation of ancient and large trees in urban park green spaces.展开更多
We extend the concept of frame multiresolution analysis to a locally compact abelian group and use it to define certain weighted Banach spaces and the spaces of their antifunctionals. We define analysis and synthesis ...We extend the concept of frame multiresolution analysis to a locally compact abelian group and use it to define certain weighted Banach spaces and the spaces of their antifunctionals. We define analysis and synthesis operators on these spaces and establish the continuity of their composition. Also, we prove a general result to characterize infinite trees in the above Banach spaces of antifunctionals. This paper paves the way for the study of corresponding problems associated with some other types of Banach spaces on locally compact abelian groups including modulation spaces.展开更多
An improved decision tree method for web information retrieval with self-mapping attributes is proposed.The self-mapping tree has a value of self-mapping attribute in its internal node,and information based on dissimi...An improved decision tree method for web information retrieval with self-mapping attributes is proposed.The self-mapping tree has a value of self-mapping attribute in its internal node,and information based on dissimilarity between a pair of mapping sequences.This method selects self-mapping which exists between data by exhaustive search based on relation and attribute information.Experimental results confirm that the improved method constructs comprehensive and accurate decision tree.Moreover,an example shows that the self-mapping decision tree is promising for data mining and knowledge discovery.展开更多
The paper studies ten major tree species occupying the space in naturalsecondary forests in Mao Er mountain area.The space is divided into horizon,elevation,slope,aspect and topographic position layer.The features of ...The paper studies ten major tree species occupying the space in naturalsecondary forests in Mao Er mountain area.The space is divided into horizon,elevation,slope,aspect and topographic position layer.The features of the species of trees areexamined using the concept of distribution width and the method of space statistics.Theconclusions of analysis indicate that Aspen and Asian White Birch community of forests inthe area would become failing,and the distribution of Mongolian Oak and Mongolian Lidenand Manchurian Walnut are Limited by the slope and aspect and topographic position.Elm,Maple,Manchurian Ash would become the major species constituting naturalsecondary forests in future in this area.展开更多
基于激光雷达(Light Detection And Ranging,LiDAR)数据重建树体三维模型并精准获取林木空间枝干结构参数对林木性状评价、森林动态经营管理与可视化研究具有重要意义。为此提出一种基于骨架细化提取的树木模型重建方法。首先,采用Focus...基于激光雷达(Light Detection And Ranging,LiDAR)数据重建树体三维模型并精准获取林木空间枝干结构参数对林木性状评价、森林动态经营管理与可视化研究具有重要意义。为此提出一种基于骨架细化提取的树木模型重建方法。首先,采用FocusS350/350 PLUS三维激光扫描仪获取3块不同树龄橡胶树的样地数据。然后,作为细化建模的重点,将枝干点云从原始树点中分离出来,再将其过度分割为若干点云簇,通过相邻点云簇判断是否有分枝以及动态确定骨架点间距,并将其运用在空间殖民算法以此来生成树的三维骨架点和骨架点连通性链表,根据连通链表结构自动识别树木中的主枝干和各个一级分枝,再通过广义圆柱体生成树干完成树木三维重建。最后,利用数字孪生技术对这3块不同树龄样地树木进行三维实景建模,使其穿越时空在同一空间中重现,以便更为直观地观察树木在生长过程中的形态变化。该算法得到的橡胶树胸径与实测值比对为,决定系数(R^(2))>0.91,均方根误差(root mean square Error,RMSE)<1.00 cm;主枝干与一级枝干的分枝角为,R^(2)>0.91,RMSE<2.93;一级枝干直径为,R^(2)>0.90,RMSE<1.41 cm;将3个树龄放在一起计算其生长参数,并与实测值进行对比,发现该算法同样适用于异龄林样地的各个生长参数计算。同时发现橡胶树的一级枝条的直径越大,其相对应的叶团簇体积就越大。运用人工智能的理论模型来处理林木的激光点云数据,旨在为森林的可视化以及树木骨架结构的智能化分析与处理等研究领域提供有价值的参考。展开更多
文摘First,the state space tree method for finding communication network overall re-liability is presented.It directly generates one disjoint tree multilevel polynomial of a networkgraph.Its advantages are smaller computational effort(its computing time complexity is O(en_l),where e is the number of edges and n_l is the number of leaves)and shorter resulting expression.Second,based on it an exact decomposition algorithm for finding communication network overallreliability is presented by applying the hypergraph theory.If we use it to carry out the m-timedecomposition of a network graph,the communication network scale which can be analyzed by acomputer can be extended to m-fold.
文摘Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming. However, it has been precipitously introduced in cities, towns, and metropolitans. The introduction of the green practice was so abrupt that it became devoid to meeting the essential needs for tree growth, thus, failing to bring out the desired effects. Inappropriately selecting and planting trees in urban spaces has resulted in stressed trees that are deficient at reaching up to the calculated goals and in the long run end up being problematic. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the implications of planting southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) trees in the wrong urban space so as to aid in recommending sustainable green solutions for the urban community. By studying southern live oaks planted in Howell Community Park and three randomly selected areas in Southern University Baton Rouge Campus, this study analyzes how the selection of these tree species in the urban spaces influenced their growth and general well-being. These urban spaces were randomly drafted based on accessibility and availability of several southern live oaks. Planting approaches in the four study areas were explored and the general health condition of the trees was determined using the tree appraisal method presented by the i-tree model: my tree. ArcGIS collector was used to collect the GPS coordinates of the trees and ArcMap was used to generate the maps of the study areas. ArcMap software geolocated the coordinates of the southern live oaks in all the four-study areas. The software was used to generate shapefiles of the four study areas and their location in East Baton Rouge. The analysis of the results proved that none of the southern live oaks had an excellent health condition and most of the trees experienced different issues due to planting them in the wrong urban spaces.
基金Sponsored by Science and Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Administration Center of Parks(ZX2017029)Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare(201404301)
文摘Ecosystem services of urban green spaces play an important role in the sustainable development of the urban ecosystem. How to quantify the ecological benefits of urban green spaces and evaluate their ecological services is a hot topic in related fields. Currently, with the advancement of science and technology, the assessment method has been developed from the traditional ones such as the Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers(CTLA) method, afforestation cost method, and carbon tax method to CITYgreen and i-Tree. The latter two models have been widely used in countries of Europe and America, while the use of i-Tree has not been promoted in China. In this paper, i-Tree Eco(UFORE) was selected for research, and its application in the assessment of the ecosystem services of urban green spaces, including energy saving, air quality improvement, interception of rainwater, and aesthetic benefits, were analyzed. This study aims to provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the introduction and localization of i-Tree, as well as its generalization in the assessment of forest ecosystem services domestically.
基金Supported by Lin’an Scientific and Technological Program of Zhejiang Province(200933)Hangzhou Social Development Scientific Research Program of Zhejiang Province(20100933B34)
文摘Conservation of ancient and large trees in domestic and overseas cities was compared, ancient and large trees were regarded as important cultural relics playing an important role in optimizing urban natural environment and enriching urban humanistic and natural landscapes, and they were also important contents of urban garden works symbolizing urban parks. A case study was carried out Yunqizhujing Park to study conservation of ancient and large trees in park green spaces of Hangzhou City, solutions to current problems were proposed, and constructive suggestions were given for the conservation of ancient and large trees in urban park green spaces.
基金"This work is supported by the financial grant of DST/MS/150 2K".
文摘We extend the concept of frame multiresolution analysis to a locally compact abelian group and use it to define certain weighted Banach spaces and the spaces of their antifunctionals. We define analysis and synthesis operators on these spaces and establish the continuity of their composition. Also, we prove a general result to characterize infinite trees in the above Banach spaces of antifunctionals. This paper paves the way for the study of corresponding problems associated with some other types of Banach spaces on locally compact abelian groups including modulation spaces.
文摘An improved decision tree method for web information retrieval with self-mapping attributes is proposed.The self-mapping tree has a value of self-mapping attribute in its internal node,and information based on dissimilarity between a pair of mapping sequences.This method selects self-mapping which exists between data by exhaustive search based on relation and attribute information.Experimental results confirm that the improved method constructs comprehensive and accurate decision tree.Moreover,an example shows that the self-mapping decision tree is promising for data mining and knowledge discovery.
文摘The paper studies ten major tree species occupying the space in naturalsecondary forests in Mao Er mountain area.The space is divided into horizon,elevation,slope,aspect and topographic position layer.The features of the species of trees areexamined using the concept of distribution width and the method of space statistics.Theconclusions of analysis indicate that Aspen and Asian White Birch community of forests inthe area would become failing,and the distribution of Mongolian Oak and Mongolian Lidenand Manchurian Walnut are Limited by the slope and aspect and topographic position.Elm,Maple,Manchurian Ash would become the major species constituting naturalsecondary forests in future in this area.
文摘基于激光雷达(Light Detection And Ranging,LiDAR)数据重建树体三维模型并精准获取林木空间枝干结构参数对林木性状评价、森林动态经营管理与可视化研究具有重要意义。为此提出一种基于骨架细化提取的树木模型重建方法。首先,采用FocusS350/350 PLUS三维激光扫描仪获取3块不同树龄橡胶树的样地数据。然后,作为细化建模的重点,将枝干点云从原始树点中分离出来,再将其过度分割为若干点云簇,通过相邻点云簇判断是否有分枝以及动态确定骨架点间距,并将其运用在空间殖民算法以此来生成树的三维骨架点和骨架点连通性链表,根据连通链表结构自动识别树木中的主枝干和各个一级分枝,再通过广义圆柱体生成树干完成树木三维重建。最后,利用数字孪生技术对这3块不同树龄样地树木进行三维实景建模,使其穿越时空在同一空间中重现,以便更为直观地观察树木在生长过程中的形态变化。该算法得到的橡胶树胸径与实测值比对为,决定系数(R^(2))>0.91,均方根误差(root mean square Error,RMSE)<1.00 cm;主枝干与一级枝干的分枝角为,R^(2)>0.91,RMSE<2.93;一级枝干直径为,R^(2)>0.90,RMSE<1.41 cm;将3个树龄放在一起计算其生长参数,并与实测值进行对比,发现该算法同样适用于异龄林样地的各个生长参数计算。同时发现橡胶树的一级枝条的直径越大,其相对应的叶团簇体积就越大。运用人工智能的理论模型来处理林木的激光点云数据,旨在为森林的可视化以及树木骨架结构的智能化分析与处理等研究领域提供有价值的参考。
