A new space-time block codes based on quasi-orthogonal designs are put forward. First the channel model is formulated. Then the connection between orthogonal /quasi-orthogonal designs and space-time block codes is exp...A new space-time block codes based on quasi-orthogonal designs are put forward. First the channel model is formulated. Then the connection between orthogonal /quasi-orthogonal designs and space-time block codes is explored. Finally we make simulations for the transmission of 4 bits/s/Hz and 6 bits/s/Hz using eight transmit antennas using the rate 3/4 quasi-orthogonal space-time block code and the rate 1/2 full-diversity orthogonal space-time block code. Simulation results show that full transmission rate is more important for very low signal noise ratio (SNR) and high bit error probability (BEP), while full diversity is more important for very high SNR and low BEP.展开更多
Recent research challenges in the wireless communication include the usage of diversity and efficient coding to improve data transmission quality and spectral efficiency. Space diversity uses multiple transmitting and...Recent research challenges in the wireless communication include the usage of diversity and efficient coding to improve data transmission quality and spectral efficiency. Space diversity uses multiple transmitting and/or receiving antennas to create independent fading channels without penalty in bandwidth efficiency. Space-time block coding is an encoding scheme for communication over Rayleigh fading channels using multiple transmitting antennas. Space-time block codes from complex orthogonal designs exist only for two transmitting antennas. This paper generalizes a new complex orthogonal space-time block code for four transmitting antennas, whose decoding complexity is very low. Simulations show that the generalized complex orthogonal space-time block code has low bit error rate, full rate and possibly large diversity.展开更多
A new architecture of space-time codes as a combination of orthogonal space-time block codes （OSTBC） and linear dispersion codes （LDC） is proposed in order to improve the bit error rate（BER） performance of OSTBC...A new architecture of space-time codes as a combination of orthogonal space-time block codes （OSTBC） and linear dispersion codes （LDC） is proposed in order to improve the bit error rate（BER） performance of OSTBC.The scheme proposed is named linear dispersion orthogonal space-time block codes （LDOSTBC）.In LDOSTBC scheme,firstly,the data is coded into LDC codewords.Then,the coded LDC substreams are coded into OSTBC codewords again.The decoding algorithm of LDOSTBC combines linear decoding of OSTBC and ML decoding or suboptimum detection algorithms of LDC.Compared with OSTBC scheme when the rate of LDC is MtR,the performance of LDOSTBC scheme can be improved without decreasing the data rate,where Mt is the number of transmit antennas and R is the spectral efficiency of the modulation constellation.If some rate penalty is allowed,when the rate of LDC is less than MtR the performance of LDOSTBC can be improved further.展开更多
The complex orthogonal designs with maximal rates and minimal delays is an open problem for space-time block code. Maximal rate can effectively transmit symbols to the lonest distance in the space dimension ; and mini...The complex orthogonal designs with maximal rates and minimal delays is an open problem for space-time block code. Maximal rate can effectively transmit symbols to the lonest distance in the space dimension ; and minimal delay is the least decoding delay in the time dimension. Many authors have observed that regarding the complex orthogonal designs for space-time block codes with the antennas n = 4k （ k ∈ N ）, its minimal delay is the same as that for n - 4k -1. However none was able to prove it. In this paper, we use the characteristics of Hadamard matrix to prove this property to fulfill this vacancy.展开更多
Orthogonal space-time block codes （OSTBCs） are an efficient mean in order to exploit the diversity offered by the wireless multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） channel. This paper considers capacity problems of O...Orthogonal space-time block codes （OSTBCs） are an efficient mean in order to exploit the diversity offered by the wireless multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） channel. This paper considers capacity problems of OSTBCs over spatially correlated multiple-input single-out （MISO） Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of spatially correlated Rayleigh co-channel interference and additive Gaussian noise, and derives exact expressions of the ergodic capacity and outage probability （capacity distribution） for such OSTBCs. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effect of co-channel interference on the ergodic and outage capacity of OSTBCs.展开更多
Full-rate is very important in any data transmission coding. For transmitting data at low bit rate than full-rate code, higher modulation scheme is required. But it is impossible to design full rate orthogonal designs...Full-rate is very important in any data transmission coding. For transmitting data at low bit rate than full-rate code, higher modulation scheme is required. But it is impossible to design full rate orthogonal designs with complex constellation for more than two transmit antennas. Only Alamouti code provides full-rate for two transmit antennas. In this paper, Bit Error Rate (BER) is calculated for Quasi-Orthogonal Space-time Block Coding (QOSTBC). Here we work with Rayleigh fading channel. We consider the codes which decodes pairs of symbols instead of simple separate decoding like Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding. In Quasi-Orthogonal Space-time Block Code full-rate is achieved but full-diversity is sacrificed. Diversity is the most important techniques for providing reliable communication over fading channels. One of the diversity techniques that uses multiple transmit and/or receive antennas is space diversity. Multiple antenna technique provides a space diversity to struggle with the fading without necessarily sacrificing bandwidth resources, so the excellent solutions of removing the fading of the channel for broadband wireless communications is using space diversity. Then, with the constellation rotation of the symbol, rotated version of Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code is generated. It provides full diversity. We simulate BER for QOSTBC, rotated QOSTBC, orthogonal STBC and for uncoded system. The simulation result shows that QOSTBC and rotated QOSTBC perform better than other systems. It shows that QOSTBC provides a full transmission rate but that rotated QOSTBC provides the full rate with the full diversity.展开更多
The existing recognition algorithms of space-time block code(STBC)for multi-antenna(MA)orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing(OFDM)systems use feature extraction and hypothesis testing to identify the signal types ...The existing recognition algorithms of space-time block code(STBC)for multi-antenna(MA)orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing(OFDM)systems use feature extraction and hypothesis testing to identify the signal types in a complex communication environment.However,owing to the restrictions on the prior information and channel conditions,these existing algorithms cannot perform well under strong interference and noncooperative communication conditions.To overcome these defects,this study introduces deep learning into the STBCOFDM signal recognition field and proposes a recognition method based on the fourth-order lag moment spectrum(FOLMS)and attention-guided multi-scale dilated convolution network(AMDCNet).The fourth-order lag moment vectors of the received signals are calculated,and vectors are stitched to form two-dimensional FOLMS,which is used as the input of the deep learning-based model.Then,the multi-scale dilated convolution is used to extract the details of images at different scales,and a convolutional block attention module(CBAM)is introduced to construct the attention-guided multi-scale dilated convolution module(AMDCM)to make the network be more focused on the target area and obtian the multi-scale guided features.Finally,the concatenate fusion,residual block and fully-connected layers are applied to acquire the STBC-OFDM signal types.Simulation experiments show that the average recognition probability of the proposed method at−12 dB is higher than 98%.Compared with the existing algorithms,the recognition performance of the proposed method is significantly improved and has good adaptability to environments with strong disturbances.In addition,the proposed deep learning-based model can directly identify the pre-processed FOLMS samples without a priori information on channel and noise,which is more suitable for non-cooperative communication systems than the existing algorithms.展开更多
提出了一种基于匙孔信道的旋转四元素准正交空时分组码(QQOSTBC-CR,Constellation Rotation QuaternionQuasi-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code),该码可以通过极化天线进行发射和接收,设计出发射天线数为8的QOSTPBC-CR,并对N=8的情况...提出了一种基于匙孔信道的旋转四元素准正交空时分组码(QQOSTBC-CR,Constellation Rotation QuaternionQuasi-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code),该码可以通过极化天线进行发射和接收,设计出发射天线数为8的QOSTPBC-CR,并对N=8的情况进行成对译码,最后与匙孔信道下传统旋转准正交空时分组码(QOSTBC-CR,Constellation Rotation Quasi-OrthogonalSpace Time Block Code)、准正交空时分组码(QOSTBC,Quasi-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code)以及瑞利信道下QQOSTBC-CR进行了仿真比较。结果表明:对4个发射天线的情况,当BER=10^(-3)时,BPSK和QPSK调制下本文所提QQOSTBC-CR分别比QOSTBC-CR有4.5dB和7dB的增益,分别比瑞利信道下QQOSTBC-CR有-4dB和-3dB的增益。展开更多
文摘A new space-time block codes based on quasi-orthogonal designs are put forward. First the channel model is formulated. Then the connection between orthogonal /quasi-orthogonal designs and space-time block codes is explored. Finally we make simulations for the transmission of 4 bits/s/Hz and 6 bits/s/Hz using eight transmit antennas using the rate 3/4 quasi-orthogonal space-time block code and the rate 1/2 full-diversity orthogonal space-time block code. Simulation results show that full transmission rate is more important for very low signal noise ratio (SNR) and high bit error probability (BEP), while full diversity is more important for very high SNR and low BEP.
文摘Recent research challenges in the wireless communication include the usage of diversity and efficient coding to improve data transmission quality and spectral efficiency. Space diversity uses multiple transmitting and/or receiving antennas to create independent fading channels without penalty in bandwidth efficiency. Space-time block coding is an encoding scheme for communication over Rayleigh fading channels using multiple transmitting antennas. Space-time block codes from complex orthogonal designs exist only for two transmitting antennas. This paper generalizes a new complex orthogonal space-time block code for four transmitting antennas, whose decoding complexity is very low. Simulations show that the generalized complex orthogonal space-time block code has low bit error rate, full rate and possibly large diversity.
基金Sponsored by the "111" Project of China (B08038)Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects (2009ZX03003-003+2 种基金2009ZX03003-004) the NSFC-Guangdong (U0635003)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT0852)
文摘A new architecture of space-time codes as a combination of orthogonal space-time block codes （OSTBC） and linear dispersion codes （LDC） is proposed in order to improve the bit error rate（BER） performance of OSTBC.The scheme proposed is named linear dispersion orthogonal space-time block codes （LDOSTBC）.In LDOSTBC scheme,firstly,the data is coded into LDC codewords.Then,the coded LDC substreams are coded into OSTBC codewords again.The decoding algorithm of LDOSTBC combines linear decoding of OSTBC and ML decoding or suboptimum detection algorithms of LDC.Compared with OSTBC scheme when the rate of LDC is MtR,the performance of LDOSTBC scheme can be improved without decreasing the data rate,where Mt is the number of transmit antennas and R is the spectral efficiency of the modulation constellation.If some rate penalty is allowed,when the rate of LDC is less than MtR the performance of LDOSTBC can be improved further.
文摘The complex orthogonal designs with maximal rates and minimal delays is an open problem for space-time block code. Maximal rate can effectively transmit symbols to the lonest distance in the space dimension ; and minimal delay is the least decoding delay in the time dimension. Many authors have observed that regarding the complex orthogonal designs for space-time block codes with the antennas n = 4k （ k ∈ N ）, its minimal delay is the same as that for n - 4k -1. However none was able to prove it. In this paper, we use the characteristics of Hadamard matrix to prove this property to fulfill this vacancy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60672030)the Open Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory of Southeast University (Grant No. W200810)
文摘Orthogonal space-time block codes （OSTBCs） are an efficient mean in order to exploit the diversity offered by the wireless multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） channel. This paper considers capacity problems of OSTBCs over spatially correlated multiple-input single-out （MISO） Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of spatially correlated Rayleigh co-channel interference and additive Gaussian noise, and derives exact expressions of the ergodic capacity and outage probability （capacity distribution） for such OSTBCs. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effect of co-channel interference on the ergodic and outage capacity of OSTBCs.
文摘Full-rate is very important in any data transmission coding. For transmitting data at low bit rate than full-rate code, higher modulation scheme is required. But it is impossible to design full rate orthogonal designs with complex constellation for more than two transmit antennas. Only Alamouti code provides full-rate for two transmit antennas. In this paper, Bit Error Rate (BER) is calculated for Quasi-Orthogonal Space-time Block Coding (QOSTBC). Here we work with Rayleigh fading channel. We consider the codes which decodes pairs of symbols instead of simple separate decoding like Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding. In Quasi-Orthogonal Space-time Block Code full-rate is achieved but full-diversity is sacrificed. Diversity is the most important techniques for providing reliable communication over fading channels. One of the diversity techniques that uses multiple transmit and/or receive antennas is space diversity. Multiple antenna technique provides a space diversity to struggle with the fading without necessarily sacrificing bandwidth resources, so the excellent solutions of removing the fading of the channel for broadband wireless communications is using space diversity. Then, with the constellation rotation of the symbol, rotated version of Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code is generated. It provides full diversity. We simulate BER for QOSTBC, rotated QOSTBC, orthogonal STBC and for uncoded system. The simulation result shows that QOSTBC and rotated QOSTBC perform better than other systems. It shows that QOSTBC provides a full transmission rate but that rotated QOSTBC provides the full rate with the full diversity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91538201)the Taishan Scholar Foundation of China(ts201511020).
文摘The existing recognition algorithms of space-time block code(STBC)for multi-antenna(MA)orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing(OFDM)systems use feature extraction and hypothesis testing to identify the signal types in a complex communication environment.However,owing to the restrictions on the prior information and channel conditions,these existing algorithms cannot perform well under strong interference and noncooperative communication conditions.To overcome these defects,this study introduces deep learning into the STBCOFDM signal recognition field and proposes a recognition method based on the fourth-order lag moment spectrum(FOLMS)and attention-guided multi-scale dilated convolution network(AMDCNet).The fourth-order lag moment vectors of the received signals are calculated,and vectors are stitched to form two-dimensional FOLMS,which is used as the input of the deep learning-based model.Then,the multi-scale dilated convolution is used to extract the details of images at different scales,and a convolutional block attention module(CBAM)is introduced to construct the attention-guided multi-scale dilated convolution module(AMDCM)to make the network be more focused on the target area and obtian the multi-scale guided features.Finally,the concatenate fusion,residual block and fully-connected layers are applied to acquire the STBC-OFDM signal types.Simulation experiments show that the average recognition probability of the proposed method at−12 dB is higher than 98%.Compared with the existing algorithms,the recognition performance of the proposed method is significantly improved and has good adaptability to environments with strong disturbances.In addition,the proposed deep learning-based model can directly identify the pre-processed FOLMS samples without a priori information on channel and noise,which is more suitable for non-cooperative communication systems than the existing algorithms.
文摘提出了一种基于匙孔信道的旋转四元素准正交空时分组码(QQOSTBC-CR,Constellation Rotation QuaternionQuasi-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code),该码可以通过极化天线进行发射和接收,设计出发射天线数为8的QOSTPBC-CR,并对N=8的情况进行成对译码,最后与匙孔信道下传统旋转准正交空时分组码(QOSTBC-CR,Constellation Rotation Quasi-OrthogonalSpace Time Block Code)、准正交空时分组码(QOSTBC,Quasi-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code)以及瑞利信道下QQOSTBC-CR进行了仿真比较。结果表明:对4个发射天线的情况,当BER=10^(-3)时,BPSK和QPSK调制下本文所提QQOSTBC-CR分别比QOSTBC-CR有4.5dB和7dB的增益,分别比瑞利信道下QQOSTBC-CR有-4dB和-3dB的增益。
