Surface and Content Validity of an Advanced Beginner Nurse’s Self-Monitoring Scale While Multitasking

Background: Self-monitoring is important for recognizing the situations one is facing and assessing one’s own competence to respond appropriately to situations that require multitasking. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the surface and content validity of the Advanced Beginner Nurses’ Self-Monitoring Scale While Multitasking and refine the scale items accordingly. It is expected that the development of such scale will allow for reflection on advanced beginner nurses’ response to multitasking, leading to further capacity building. Methods: The surface validity of 96 items of the Advanced Beginner Nurses’ Self-Monitoring Scale While Multitasking was examined at a meeting with five expert researchers. Five researchers and five nurses examined the items’ content using an item-level content validity index through a questionnaire survey. Results and Conclusion: The Advanced Beginner Nurses’ Self-Monitoring Scale While Multitasking was organized into 73 items that were refined into scales with surface and content validity. Consequently, five sub-concepts were identified: recognizing the situation one’s facing, seeing one’s self from multiple perspectives, devising concrete strategies depending on the situation, considering a predictable time schedule, and being aware of the situation surrounding one’s self. In the future, it will be necessary to examine the reliability and validity of the scale.

A method for choice of optimum scale on land use monitoring in Tarim River Basin

Optimal scale is one of the important issues in ecology and geography.Based on land-use data of the Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang of China in the 1950s,regarding the area of land use types as the parameter in scale selecting,the histograms of the patches in area are charted.Then,by reinforcing the normalized scale variances(NSV) with 3 landscape indi-ces,the scale characteristics of land use in the Tarim River Basin can be summarized.(1) NSV in the Tarim River up to a maximum at scale of 1:50,000 which is considered appropriate for the Tarim River.(2) Diversity indices of saline land are consistent with NSV's.Diversity indices and NSV of sandy land showed that the appropriate scale is in the same scale domain.There is a significant difference between diversity indices and NSV of forestland and shrub-land.(3) Fractal dimension of sandy land and saline land showed a hierarchical structure at a scale of 1:10,000.Fractal dimension of forestland and shrubland are distributed under the same hierarchical structure in the region.

Scale Invariant Theory of Gravitation in Einstein-Rosen Space-Time

In this paper, we have studied the perfect fluid distribution in the scale invariant theory of gravitation, when the space-time described by Einstein-Rosen metric with a time dependent gauge function. The cosmological equations for this space-time with gauge function are solved and some physical properties of the model are studied.

L3SN: A Level-Based, Large-Scale, Longevous Sensor Network System for Agriculture Information Monitoring

We developed L3SN, a scalable, longevous, adaptive, and internet accessible wireless sensor network system for agriculture information monitoring, which is meticulously designed to meet the requirement of thousands hectares coverage, years of time monitoring and the adverse environment. The system architecture, the agriculture sensor device, the mesh protocol, and the web-based information processing platform are introduced. We also presented some implementation experience. The mesh protocol (LayerMesh) is highlighted, in which “stair scheduling” and “distributed dynamic load-balancing” are proposed to response the scalability, longevity and adaptivity requirements. We believe the design of L3SN is useful to many other large-scale, longevous applications such as hydrologic monitoring, geological monitoring etc.

In-service Structural Health Monitoring of a Full-scale Composite Horizontal Tail

In-service structural health monitoring（SHM） technologies are critical for the utilization of composite aircraft structures. We developed a Lamb wave-based in-service SHM technology using built-in piezoelectric actuator/sensor networks to monitor delamination extension in a full-scale composite horizontal tail. The in-service SHM technology combine of damage rapid monitoring（DRM） stage and damage imaging diagnosis（DID） stage allows for real-time monitoring and long term tracking of the structural integrity of composite aircraft structures. DRM stage using spearman rank correlation coeffi cient was introduced to generate a damage index which can be used to monitor the trend of damage extension. The DID stage based on canonical correlation analysis aimed at intuitively highlighting structural damage regions in two-dimensional images. The DRM and DID stages were trialed by an in-service SHM experiment of CFRP T-joint. Finally, the detection capability of the in-service SHM technology was verified in the SHM experiment of a full-scale composite horizontal tail. Experimental results show that the rapid monitoring method effectively monitors the damage occurrence and extension tendency in real time; damage imaging diagnosis results are consistent with those from the failure model of the composite horizontal tail structure.

A spatiotemporal signal processing technique for wafer-scale IC thermomechanical stress monitoring by an infrared camera

In this paper, we describe a new silicon-die thermal monitoring approach using spatiotemporal signal processing technique for Wafer-Scale IC thermome- chanical stress monitoring. It is proposed in the context of a wafer-scale-based (WaferICTM) rapid prototyping platform for electronic systems. This technique will be embedded into the structure of the WaferIC, and will be used as a preventive measure to protect the wafer from possible damages that can be caused by excessive thermomechanical stress. The paper also presents spatial and spatiotemporal algorithms and the experimental results from an IR images collection campaign conducted using an IR camera.

LES prediction of space-time correlations in turbulent shear flows

We compare the space-time correlations calculated from direct numerical simulation （DNS） and large-eddy simulation （LES） of turbulent channel flows. It is found from the comparisons that the LES with an eddy-viscosity subgrid scale （SGS） model over-predicts the space-time corre- lations than the DNS. The overpredictions are further quantified by the integral scales of directional correlations and convection velocities. A physical argument for the overpre- diction is provided that the eddy-viscosity SGS model alone does not includes the backscatter effects although it correctly represents the energy dissipations of SGS motions. This argument is confirmed by the recently developed elliptic model for space-time correlations in turbulent shear flows. It suggests that enstrophy is crucial to the LES prediction of spacetime correlations. The random forcing models and stochastic SGS models are proposed to overcome the overpredictions on space-time correlations.

A Novel Dynamic Stretching Solution to Eliminate Saturation Effect in NDVI and Its Application in Drought Monitoring

The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) is one of the key input variables for developing drought indices.However,the NDVI quickly saturates in high vegetation surfaces,and thus,the generalization of a drought index over different ecosystems becomes a challenge.This paper presents a novel,dynamic stretching algorithm to overcome the saturation effect in NDVI.A scaling transformation function to eliminate saturation effects when the vegetation fraction(VF) is large is proposed.Dynamic range adjustment is conducted using three coefficients,namely,the normalization factor(a),the stretching range controlling factor(m),and the stretching size controlling factor(e).The results show that the stretched NDVI(S-NDVI) is more sensitive to vegetation fraction than NDVI when the VF is large,ranging from 0.75 to 1.00.Moreover,the saturation effect in NDVI is effectively removed by using the S-NDVI.Further analysis suggests that there is a good linear correlation between the S-NDVI and the leaf area index(LAI).At the same time,the proposed S-NDVI significantly reduces or even eliminates the saturation effect over high biomass.A comparative analysis is performed between drought indices derived from NDVI and S-NDVI,respectively.In the experiment,reflectance data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) products and in-situ observation data from the meteorological sites at a regional scale are used.In this study,the coefficient of determination(R2) of the stretched drought index(S-DI) is above 0.5,indicating the reliability of the proposed algorithm with surface soil moisture content.Thus,the S-DI is suggested to be used as a drought index in extended regions,thus regional heterogeneity should be taken into account when applying stretching method.

Development and experience in the monitoring,assessment and control of environmentalpollutants in Hong Kong

The late start of environmental protection in Hong Kong was discussed in the light of problems encountered during the development of environmental protection legislation in Hong Kong for the past 20 years. The collaboration in monitoring and assessment of environmental pollutants between the University of Hong Kong and various governments were descrbed in parallel with the progress in environmental protection in Hong Kong. The developments of new analytical techniques for environmental monitoring and analysis is given and their application in environmental control described. The joint projects in assessment and control of environmental pollutants carried out in collaboration with local industries and other organizations within and without the university are given and discussed. The problems and possible solution facing Hong Kong in development control equipment for small scale industries are discussed and areas of development identified. The development and experience in the monitoring assessment and control of environmental pollutants in Hong Kong are summarized and areas of difficulties are illustrated.

Three Dimensional Space-Time Gravitational Metric, 3 Space + 3 Time Dimensions

We have recently suggested a new quantum gravity theory that can be unified with quantum mechanics. We have coined this theory collision space-time. This new theory seems to be fully consistent with a 3-dimensional space-time, that is, three space dimensions and three time-dimensions, so some would call it six-dimensional. However, we have shown that collision-time and collision-length (space) are just two different sides of the same “coin” (space-time), so it is more intuitive to think of them as 3-dimensional space-time. In previous papers, we have not laid out a geometric coordinate system for our theory that also considers gravity, but we will do that here. We are pointing out that Einstein’s negative attitude towards relativistic mass can perhaps cause a weakness in the foundation of general relativity theory. When a relativistic mass is incorporated in the theory, this mass also seems to indicate one needs to move to three-dimensional space-time. Then, for example, our new theory matches fully up with all the properties of the Planck scale in relation to the mathematical properties of micro black holes, not only mathematically but also logically, something we demonstrate clearly that it is not the case of general relativity theory. Our new metric has many benefits as an alternative to the Schwarzschild metric and general relativity theory. It seems to be more consistent with the Planck units than the Schwarzschild metric. Most importantly, it seems to be fully consistent with a new quantum gravity theory that seems to unify gravity with quantum mechanics.

Gauge Gravitational Field in a Fractal Space-Time

Considering the fractal structure of space-time, the scale relativity theory in the topological dimension DT = 2 is built. In such a conjecture, the geodesics of this space-time imply the hydrodynamic model of the quantum mechanics. Subsequently, the gauge gravitational field on a fractal space-time is given. Then, the gauge group, the gauge-covariant derivative, the strength tensor of the gauge field, the gauge-invariant Lagrangean, the field equations of the gauge potentials and the gauge energy-momentum tensor are determined. Finally, using this model, a Reissner- Nordstrom type metric is obtained.

Method of Phase Diagrams for the Analysis of Seism-Acoustical Spatial-Time Monitoring Data in Oil Wells

Experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanisms of vibration stimulation of oil recovery in watered fields lead to the conclusion that resonance oscillations develop in fractured-block formations. These oscillations, caused by weak but long-lasting and frequency-stable influences, create the conditions for ultrasonic wave’s generation in the layers, which are capable of destroying thickened oil membranes in reservoir cracks. For fractured-porous reservoirs in the process of exploitation by the method of water high-pressure oil displacement, the possibility of intensifying ultrasonic vibrations can have an important technological significance. Even a very weak ultrasound can destroy, over a long period of time, the viscous oil membranes formed in the cracks between the blocks, which can be the reason for lowering the permeability of the layers and increasing the oil recovery. To describe these effects, it is necessary to consider the wave process in a hierarchically blocky environment and theoretically simulate the mechanism of the appearance of self-oscillations under the action of relaxation shear stresses. For the analysis of seism acoustic response in time on fixed intervals along the borehole an algorithm of phase diagrams of the state of many-phase medium is suggested.

The Planned Conservation of the Urban Fortifications of Tuscany: Satellite Interferometry as an Innovative Monitoring Technology for Asset Management

The “Monitoring City Walls” research project by the University of Pisa approaches planned conservation as a process that pursues an in-depth understanding of historic city walls and their surroundings to define a system of effective risk prevention. This multidisciplinary research adopts monitoring strategies and technologies at the large scale and in relationship to natural and urban conditions. The underlying logic frames the conservation of these historic fortifications within the more general mitigation of risks generated by context. The research aims to develop an innovative approach to monitoring ancient defensive structures in historical towns. The integrated use of advanced technologies allows for the control and, most importantly, advance identification of possible risks. These new technologies, in particular satellite interferometry, make it possible to improve and increase the operational capacity of monitoring processes by facilitating the acquisition and investigation of data relative to the system defined by ancient city walls and their surroundings. These technologies also represent a cost-effective tool for managing the important transition from the observation and study of individual monuments to the monitoring of large monumental complexes or even entire historical centers.

A randomized controlled trial of lifestyle self-monitoring for irritable bowel syndrome in female nursing school students

Background: The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of lifestyle self-monitoring for the improvement of the IBS and reveal what has been changed due to the intervention. Methods: A total of 111 nursing school students were randomized into three groups, two intervention groups (a two-month intervention group, n = 34, and a four-month intervention group, n = 35) and a control group (n = 34). The intervention groups conducted lifestyle self-monitoring in conjunction with a 15-minutes group work for either two or four months. The primary outcome measure was Rome II criteria for IBS. Other outcome measures were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). They were assessed at the baseline and the end of both of the intervention periods. Analysis was conducted as intention-to-treat. Results: The prevalence of IBS did not change significantly after the intervention in any of the groups. The HAD-A score, a subscale of the HADS score for anxiety, decreased 1.4 points in the two-month intervention group (p = 0.02) and 2.3 points in the four-month intervention group of (p = 0.01) after intervention. The average GSRS decreased 0.2 points in the control group (p = 0.05) and 0.3 points in the four-month intervention group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Lifestyle self-monitoring for two or four months did not reduce the prevalence of the IBS significantly, but it did decrease anxiety and improved the QOL related to gastrointestinal symptoms in female nursing school students.

大型危岩体崩塌灾害早期监测预警技术研究综述

作为中国常见的一种地质灾害,大型危岩崩塌成因复杂、分布范围广、隐蔽性和突发性强、危害性大,其早期预警一直难以实现。通过总结岩体崩塌灾害失稳机理与预警模型可知,开展岩桥结构面损伤识别及静力学-动力学-环境量参量(SDEI)的综合性监测技术研究是实现大型危岩体崩塌灾害早期监测预警的关键所在,而基于分离破坏前兆识别的早期预警机制研究是提高崩塌灾害预警时效性的有效手段之一。随着微机电系统与云边融合技术的发展,在未来有望形成一套稳定性动态评价、失稳工况预测与失稳时间预测模型实时联动的多元预警新范式。与此同时,还需通过不断丰富大型危岩崩塌等脆性破坏灾害预警技术体系,实现危岩体预警等级、稳定性状态、失稳工况、失稳时间的实时分析,进而有效解决大型危岩体崩塌灾害科学精准防控与智慧化应急决策的双重难题。最后,针对目前崩塌灾害早期监测预警研究中存在的技术瓶颈问题,提出具体的发展策略与应对措施,以期为中国地质灾害高风险区更好地应对大型危岩体崩塌灾害提供一些参考。

基于多尺度特征的消防车道占用检测

为解决消防车道占用预警的智能检测问题,引入区域入侵原理,提出基于YOLOv7的轻量化消防车道占用预警方法。首先,以YOLOv7模型为基础,构建消防车道区域入侵研究框架,将实地调研与公开数据集相结合,形成包含消防车道与车辆检测的图像数据集;其次,采用感受野块模块替换空间金字塔池化跨阶段部分卷积,同时,添加SimAM注意力模型,提高网络多尺度特征提取和融合效果;然后,运用Slim-Neck结构减小模型的计算量和参数量;最后,通过PyQt5部署交互式界面设计,在陕西省西安市某小区进行实地算法验证。结果表明:模型识别消防车道和车辆的准确率均达到80%以上;与原模型相比,改进后的模型参数量减少20.5%,浮点计算量降低11.3%,检测速度提高42.4%,达到48.6帧/s。

术后早期连续血糖监测与取栓后急性缺血性卒中患者预后评估的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓术后1~7 d连续血糖水平与预后的相关性。方法 回顾性选取首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2021年1月1日至2023年8月31日期间接受机械取栓手术的151例急性缺血性卒中患者为研究对象,收集术后1~7 d空腹及早、午、晚餐后2 h的指尖血糖数据。出院后随访患者术后90 d改良Rankin评分(mRS),采用双变量相关性分析法研究术后1~7 d血糖水平与患者预后的相关性。结果 患者术后第1天(空腹,P=0.028)、第2天(午餐后,P=0.027)、第4天(早餐后,P=0.014)、第5天(午餐后,P=0.006)及第6天(早餐后,P=0.043)血糖水平与术后90 d mRS评分存在显著相关性。结论 术后1~7 d血糖控制对患者预后恢复有显著影响,高血糖状态与术后90 d较差的神经功能障碍显著相关。有效的血糖管理策略可以为患者提供更有利的康复条件和改善预后的可能性。

有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压在重型颅脑损伤中的应用

目的:探讨有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压法治疗重型颅脑损伤者的应用价值。方法:选取2022年7月—2023年7月肇庆市第一人民医院收治的82例重型颅脑外伤者作为研究对象,将其分为对照组和试验组,每组各41例。患者均未行手术治疗,且处于急性期。对照组常规监测生命体征变化情况,试验组行脑室型有创颅内压监测探头植入术。比较两组颅内压、并发症发生率(迟发血肿、术后脑梗塞)、死亡率、格拉斯哥昏迷评分法(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分及预后情况。结果:术后6 h、12 h、24 h,对照组颅内压指标高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组术后并发症发生率高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24 h、72 h、7 d,两组GCS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,对照组恢复良好率低于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压疗法应用于重型颅脑损伤患者中效果理想,可改善患者颅内压指标,降低术后并发症发生率及死亡率,患者可更快恢复意识,改善预后。

基于缩尺模型的高铁桥梁预应力损失试验研究

【目的】为更好的评估在役预应力混凝土桥梁结构预应力损失状况。【方法】选用国内高铁中应用最广的32 m预应力混凝土箱梁作为研究对象,按照1:16的缩尺比例将箱梁转化为T形截面制作了26根C50混凝土试验模型梁。通过对试验梁预应力钢绞线应变、伸长量的瞬时和长期监测得到预应力损失的实际值,并将此实际值与目前国内外常用预应力损失规范计算所得值进行对比分析。【结果】预应力损失主要发生在前期即瞬时损失,约占总损失的70%;84.6%的试验梁锚固损失占瞬时损失总和的70%以上,最高达80.57%;试验梁的长期损失在锚固后的前10 d内变化较快,后期逐渐趋于稳定;将5种规范的计算结果与试验实测值进行对比,对于长期损失,数据显示实测数据与《铁路桥涵设计规范》(TB 10002—2017)计算结果最为吻合。【结论】研究结果可为实际工程中预应力梁的预应力损失计算提供参考。

不同压裂规模下煤储层缝网形态对比研究——以延川南煤层气田为例

以大砂量、大液量为特点的储层改造技术推动深层煤层气开发取得突破,煤层气增储上产保持着良好势头。为探索深部煤储层水力压裂过程中裂缝扩展形态,在鄂尔多斯盆地延川南煤层气田开展不同压裂规模煤储层改造的矿场试验,对比分析压后裂缝扩展形态和储层改造面积,查明了不同类型气井、不同施工规模下裂缝形态的差异性,分析投产后的产气效果,形成了适合研究区深部煤储层改造工艺。结果表明:①低效老井多次中等规模压裂、新井多次大规模压裂和新井单次超大规模压裂均能有效延伸裂缝长度、扩大储层改造面积,但缝网形态存在较大差异。受排采过程和诱导应力影响,低效老井经多次中等规模压裂后,形成主裂缝延伸、次裂缝扩展的“玫瑰花”型缝网;新井压裂改造后形成的缝网形态呈“长椭圆”型,但单次超大规模的液体使用效率更高,相同规模下裂缝半长和改造面积更大。②随压裂次数增加,裂缝半长和改造面积均呈对数增加的趋势,且有明显的递减效应,试采证实2次大规模压裂施工具有良好的经济性,研究结果为井网部署提供了依据。以柴油为动力来源的压裂设备较难适应提升规模后的连续施工,电驱动压裂装置是未来整装煤层气田开发的可靠途径。