Effects of Microgravity on Human Physiology and Ground-Based Models for Space Physiological Studies

With the development of manned spaceflight, more and more researches are involved in the area of gravitation physiology. When astronauts are exposed to microgravity, a series of special physiological or pathological changes will occur, which will start self-regulation mechanisms to reduce abnormalities and help the organism to better adapt to microgravity. However, these adaptive changes may also induce degradation or damage to physiological functions. This paper summarizes the physiological effects of microgravity on the human body from the aspects of skeletal and mineral metabolism, muscle structure and function, vestibular functions, cardiovascular function and pulmonary function, as well as expounds some commonly used ground-based space analogies. The paper will provide a reference for further study on the physiological effects of microgravity.

微重力及太空飞行对微生物影响的研究进展

随着航天事业的迅猛发展,太空感染问题亟待深入研究。微生物是存在于自然界的一群体形微小、结构简单的微小生物。随宇航员和太空飞行器进入太空的微生物,在失重环境下生长变化,时刻威胁着宇航员的健康及飞行器的安全。本文主要对模拟微重力及太空飞行环境中微生物的生物学特性变化,包括微生物形态结构、生长速率、细胞代谢、毒力、生存能力和基因表达等方面做一综述,以期进一步对微重力及太空飞行环境下微生物属性变化进行研究。

15天头低位卧床姿势对视野的影响

目的探讨头低位卧床姿势对视野的影响。方法选取17名男性志愿者进行15天的-6°头低位卧床姿势实验,分别测量卧床前1天、卧床第4天、卧床第9天、卧床第13天、卧床后第3天视野。结果头低位卧床对视野有显著影响。卧床第4天视野面积显著变小、视野形状不规则性增加。卧床第9天,视野恢复至基线水平。卧床结束后第3天,视野呈现出远视倾向。结论为模拟失重条件下的视功能评估和眼部健康监测提供参考依据。