The study shows that the regional differentiation of Hong Kong direct investement(HKDI) in China was enlarged in the 1980s and has has reducing since 1991. The concentration of HKDI in the southern China and the coast...The study shows that the regional differentiation of Hong Kong direct investement(HKDI) in China was enlarged in the 1980s and has has reducing since 1991. The concentration of HKDI in the southern China and the coast has has replace by the trend of moving northwards and iulandwards after 1989. But in terms of tnanofacturing sectors this trend has not clearly appeared until now. Those changing Patterns are dearly related to the behaviour of Hong Kong industrial investors.The survey results suggest that 'enjoying lower production cost' is the most important motive for thed investment in China. In consequece, 'close to Hong Kong','cheqper labour' and 'favourable policy' are major factors for determining the investment locations. This behaviour, together with the lack of comparison study in location selection among most investors, explains that Guangdong absorbed most Hong Kong investment in the 1980s. As the production costs have been increasing in Guangdong, are companies have started to invest in non-Guangdong locations since the end of the 1980s. From the mental map of Hong Kong investors, however, only some of the non-Guangdong locations are practically attractive.展开更多
As a case study of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake stress drops between the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan and 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquakes,we computed 1828 stress-drop values for earthquakes with magnitudes 1.7...As a case study of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake stress drops between the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan and 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquakes,we computed 1828 stress-drop values for earthquakes with magnitudes 1.7≤ML≤5.0 during an eight-year time span before and after major earthquakes.We divide the study area into three subregions(the southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone;the southwestern junction of the Longmen Shan and Sichuan Basin;and the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin)and calculate individual event stress drops in each.The results show that regions of alternating high and low stress drop are found on either side of the southwestern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone.During the two-year period after the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the stress state of the southern Longmen Shan fault shows no significant change.A marked increase in stress level appears about 18 months before the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake near the Lushan hypocenter zone.Two months after the Ms 7.0 event,the stress drops suddenly attenuate,with significantly less seismic energy release per event.We find that changes in the patterns of high and low stress drop values are consistent with the process of stress accumulation or transfer from the pre-mainshock to postmainshock periods.The results indicate that major earthquakes are the dominant cause of temporal and spatial evolution in stress levels.Stress drop variations show obvious temporal and spatial patterns that may suggests subtle changes in the character of stress fields on faults and spatial variations related to local intense compression and tectonic effects.展开更多
Children, who are the most weak people about sensibility and telling their desires clearly, act differently at every age phases. Because of this, child oriented designs must appeal to children about whole ages and fea...Children, who are the most weak people about sensibility and telling their desires clearly, act differently at every age phases. Because of this, child oriented designs must appeal to children about whole ages and features. Playgrounds are places where children of all ages and features spend their times commonly. But when these playgrounds were observed, that can be seen, playgrounds can not meet children＇s need and, because of this, they become quitted places. Within this article, child, play and playground concepts have been examined and the parameters of playground design have been classified. The aim of article is revealing the parameters for playgrounds design and offering a guide so that it can give an idea for the new- designs.展开更多
文摘The study shows that the regional differentiation of Hong Kong direct investement(HKDI) in China was enlarged in the 1980s and has has reducing since 1991. The concentration of HKDI in the southern China and the coast has has replace by the trend of moving northwards and iulandwards after 1989. But in terms of tnanofacturing sectors this trend has not clearly appeared until now. Those changing Patterns are dearly related to the behaviour of Hong Kong industrial investors.The survey results suggest that 'enjoying lower production cost' is the most important motive for thed investment in China. In consequece, 'close to Hong Kong','cheqper labour' and 'favourable policy' are major factors for determining the investment locations. This behaviour, together with the lack of comparison study in location selection among most investors, explains that Guangdong absorbed most Hong Kong investment in the 1980s. As the production costs have been increasing in Guangdong, are companies have started to invest in non-Guangdong locations since the end of the 1980s. From the mental map of Hong Kong investors, however, only some of the non-Guangdong locations are practically attractive.
基金supported by the China Seismic Experiment Site Project(Grant No.2018CSES0209)the Project of Science for Earthquake Resilience(Grant No.XH202302),part of the China Earthquake Administration。
文摘As a case study of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake stress drops between the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan and 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquakes,we computed 1828 stress-drop values for earthquakes with magnitudes 1.7≤ML≤5.0 during an eight-year time span before and after major earthquakes.We divide the study area into three subregions(the southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone;the southwestern junction of the Longmen Shan and Sichuan Basin;and the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin)and calculate individual event stress drops in each.The results show that regions of alternating high and low stress drop are found on either side of the southwestern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone.During the two-year period after the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the stress state of the southern Longmen Shan fault shows no significant change.A marked increase in stress level appears about 18 months before the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake near the Lushan hypocenter zone.Two months after the Ms 7.0 event,the stress drops suddenly attenuate,with significantly less seismic energy release per event.We find that changes in the patterns of high and low stress drop values are consistent with the process of stress accumulation or transfer from the pre-mainshock to postmainshock periods.The results indicate that major earthquakes are the dominant cause of temporal and spatial evolution in stress levels.Stress drop variations show obvious temporal and spatial patterns that may suggests subtle changes in the character of stress fields on faults and spatial variations related to local intense compression and tectonic effects.
文摘Children, who are the most weak people about sensibility and telling their desires clearly, act differently at every age phases. Because of this, child oriented designs must appeal to children about whole ages and features. Playgrounds are places where children of all ages and features spend their times commonly. But when these playgrounds were observed, that can be seen, playgrounds can not meet children＇s need and, because of this, they become quitted places. Within this article, child, play and playground concepts have been examined and the parameters of playground design have been classified. The aim of article is revealing the parameters for playgrounds design and offering a guide so that it can give an idea for the new- designs.
