A"messenger zone hypothesis"based on the visual three-dimensional spatial distribution of motoneurons innervating deep limb muscles

Coordinated contraction of skeletal muscles relies on selective connections between the muscles and multiple classes of the spinal motoneuro ns.Howeve r,current research on the spatial location of the spinal motoneurons innervating differe nt muscles is limited.In this study,we investigated the spatial distribution and relative position of different motoneurons that control the deep muscles of the mouse hindlimbs,which were innervated by the obturator nerve,femoral nerve,inferior gluteal nerve,deep pe roneal nerve,and tibial nerve.Locations were visualized by combining a multiplex retrograde tracking technique compatible with three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared o rgans(3DISCO)and 3-D imaging technology based on lightsheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM).Additionally,we propose the hypothesis that"messenger zones"exist as interlaced areas between the motoneuron pools that dominate the synergistic or antagonist muscle groups.We hypothesize that these interlaced neurons may participate in muscle coordination as messenger neurons.Analysis revealed the precise mutual positional relationships among the many motoneurons that innervate different deep muscles of the mouse.Not only do these findings update and supplement our knowledge regarding the overall spatial layout of spinal motoneurons that control mouse limb muscles,but they also provide insights into the mechanisms through which muscle activity is coordinated and the architecture of motor circuits.

A Preliminary Study on the Theory of Polar Coordinates Digital Photogrammetry and the Coordinate System of Spatial Information

The development of new aeronautics and astronautics technologies has been constrained by strict mathematical rules for data processing among the diverse methods used to obtain spatial information.The acquisition of spatial information has been affected by various choices including the applied technologies(e.g.,push broom sensors),techniques(e.g.,zoom imaging),and equipment settings(e.g.,swing angle,aerial platform attitude,camera angle)in terms of the convergence,efficiency,and accuracy of the data.Based on the principle of the bionic machine parallax angle and pyramidal projection of the aerial space platform to the surface,this study explored solutions for high-resolution image sparsity,ill-conditioned singularity,and non-convergence by building a set of mathematical models to process the polar coordinates of the parallax angular vector.This study also formed a polar information theory for initial spatial information.This method improved the ranges of accuracy,efficiency,and anti-interference in close-range photogrammetry and the free net bundle adjustment model by several orders of magnitude.The open source code was made globally available more than 3 years ago,and has received positive reactions.The method’s effectiveness was verified using aerophotogrammetry and absolute network adjustment model experiments,and its performance was better than that of the Cartesian coordinate processing method.Finally,the higher-order solution characteristics of various applications and spaceflight platforms were provided,which are expected to provide a foundation for construction of a new polar coordinate system for aerospace multi-scale all-attitude spatial information acquisition,organization,management,storage,processing,and application.

Three Types of Spatial Function Zoning in Key Ecological Function Areas Based on Ecological and Economic Coordinated Development: A Case Study of Tacheng Basin, China

Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development.For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divided scientifically to clear its direction of development and protection. Therefore, based on ecological constraints, a beneficial discussion would be about the key ecological function areas adopting the concept of ecological protection restriction and supporting socioeconomic development for spatial function zoning. In this paper, the researchers, taking Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang of China as an example, choose township as basic research unit and set up an evaluation index system from three aspects, namely, ecological protection suitability, agricultural production suitability, and urban development suitability, which are analyzed by using spatial analysis functions and exclusive matrix method. The results showed that: 1) This paper formed a set of multilevel evaluation index systems for three types of spatial function zoning of the key ecological function areas based on a novel perspective by scientifically dividing Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space,which realized the integration and scientific orientation for spatial function at the township scale. 2) Under the guidance of three types of spatial pattern, the functional orientation and suggestions of development and protection was clearly defined for ecological protection zones,ecological economic zones, agricultural production zones, and urban development zones. 3) A new idea of space governance is provided to promote the coordinated and sustainable development between ecology and economy, which can break the traditional mode of thinking about regional economic development, and offers a scientific basis and reference for macro decision-making.

The Accuracy of GIS Tools for Transforming Assumed Total Station Surveys to Real World Coordinates

Most surveying works for mapping or GIS applications are performed with total station. Due to the remote nature of many of the sites surveyed, the surveys are often done in unprojected, local, assumed coordinate systems. However, without the survey data projected in real world coordinates, the range of possible analyses is limited and the value of existing imagery, elevation models, and hydrologic layers cannot be exploited. This requires a transformation from the local assumed to the real world coordinate systems. There are various built-in and add-in tools to perform transformations through GIS programs. This paper studies the effect of using Georeferencing tool, Spatial Adjustment tool (Affine and similarity) and CHaMP tool on the precision and relative accuracy of total station survey. This transformation requires real-world coordinates of at least two control points, which can be collected from different sources. This paper also studies the effect of using geodetic GPS, hand-held GPS, Google Earth (GE) and Bing Basemaps as sources for control points on the precision and relative accuracy of total station survey. These effects have been tested by using 111 points covered area of 60,000 m2and the results have shown that the CHaMP tool is the best for preserving the relative accuracy of the transformed points. The Georeferencing and spatial adjustment (similarity) tools give the same results and their accuracy are between 1/1000 and 1/300 depending on the source of control points. The results have also shown that the cornerstone to preserve the precision and relative accuracy of the transformed coordinates is the relative position of the control points despite their source.

Principle of Coordinates Acquisition Based on Single Camera

The principle and accuracy of 3-D coordinates acquisition using one single camera and the Aided Measuring Probe(AMP) are discussed in this paper. Using one single camera and one AMP which has several embedded targets and one tip with known coordinates, the single camera′s orientation and location can be calculated. After orientation, the global coordinate system is obtained. During measurement, the camera is fixed firstly, then the AMP is held and the feature point is touched.The camera is triggered lastly. The position and orientation of the AMP are therefore calculated from the size and position of its image on the sensor. Since the tip point of AMP has known relation with the embedded targets, the feature point can be measured. Tests show that the accuracy of length measurement is 0.2 mm and accuracy for flatness measurement in XSY-plane is 0.1 mm.

SPATIAL－TEMPORAL DISCRETE COORDINATION OF FEM AND DIRECT INTEGRAL METHOD FOR TRANSIENT DYNAMIC PROBLEMS

In this paper, the coordination of spatial-temporal discrets of FEM and direct integral method is investigates.By analyzing the numespatial-temporal discrete,the principle of balancing the principle of balancing the energy error induced by spatialdiscrete and the energy error induced by temporal discrete is presented, and the prioriprocess and adaptive method for the coordination of spatial discerand temporal discrete is obtained.

Spatial-temporal Coupling Analysis of Economic Development-Social Development-Government Governance in Xinjiang, China

High-quality development of ethnic minority areas is a key issue in China’s economic and social transformation.In order to explore the development trend and optimization path of high-quality development in ethnic minority areas,this study constructed a systematic evaluation index system of economic development,social development and government governance.The coupled coordination model was adopted to quantitatively analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of economic development,social development and government governance in Xinjiang from 2013 to 2020.The influencing factors of coupling coordination development of the three systems were identified by grey correlation analysis.The spatial-temporal pattern analysis results show that the coupling coordination degree of Xinjiang increased steadily,but the regional differences gradually expanded.The coupling coordination degree shows a stable structure with high center and low periphery,and a spatial pattern of low in southern Xinjiang and high in northern Xinjiang.The results of grey correlation analysis show that the grey correlation degree among economic development,social development and government governance in Xinjiang is above 0.78.The three systems of economic development,social development and government governance interact with each other,forming a complex system of high-quality development in ethnic minority areas.To promote highquality development in Xinjiang,it should take social stability and long-term stability as the overall goal,improve the quality of the production and living environment on the basis of economic development,enhance regional economic competitiveness,and take government governance as a means to optimize the environment for regional development.

基于跨模态注意力融合的煤炭异物检测方法

为解决原煤智能化洗选过程中煤流中夹杂的异物对比度低、相互遮挡导致异物图像检测时特征提取不充分的问题,提出了一种基于跨模态注意力融合的煤炭异物检测方法。通过引入Depth图像构建RGB图像与Depth图像的双特征金字塔网络(DFPN),采用浅层的特征提取策略提取Depth图像的低级特征,用深度边缘与深度纹理等基础特征辅助RGB图像深层特征,以有效获得2种特征的互补信息,从而丰富异物特征的空间与边缘信息,提高检测精度;构建了基于坐标注意力与改进空间注意力的跨模态注意力融合模块(CAFM),以协同优化并融合RGB特征与Depth特征,增强网络对特征图中被遮挡异物可见部分的关注度,提高被遮挡异物检测精度;使用区域卷积神经网络(R-CNN)输出煤炭异物的分类、回归与分割结果。实验结果表明:在检测精度方面,该方法的AP相较两阶段模型中较优的Mask transfiner高3.9%;在检测效率方面,该方法的单帧检测时间为110.5 ms,能够满足异物检测实时性需求。基于跨模态注意力融合的煤炭异物检测方法能够以空间特征辅助色彩、形状与纹理等特征,准确识别煤炭异物之间及煤炭异物与输送带之间的差异,从而有效提高对复杂特征异物的检测精度,减少误检、漏检现象,实现复杂特征下煤炭异物的精确检测与像素级分割。

广东省港口高质量发展与绿色经济耦合协调及影响因素研究

为分析港口高质量发展与绿色经济的关系,分别构建港口高质量发展和绿色经济评价指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)法分别测算广东省17个城市的港口高质量发展水平和绿色经济发展水平,利用耦合协调度模型探究两者之间的耦合协调关系,使用空间杜宾模型分析其影响因素。研究表明:广东省港口高质量发展水平和绿色经济发展水平均呈上升趋势;两系统耦合协调状态由濒临失调过渡到勉强协调,协调水平稳步提升,且具有“珠三角高、粤东西北低”的空间分异特征;科技水平、经济发展水平、外贸发展水平和外资投入水平对两者耦合协调有显著正向影响,产业结构对两者耦合协调有显著负向影响。

基于环形阵列的油管损伤三维成像检测方法研究

传统的瞬变电磁套管损伤检测技术是通过采集数据来反映套管损伤情况的二次场信息,反演套管二维壁厚曲线,为套管损伤提供解释依据。为了使套管损伤解释得更加高效、直观、精准,满足井口油管三维成像的需求,建立一种基于环形阵列式的井口油管三维成像检测系统,利用探测仪器中环形阵列分布的TMR传感器,对井口油管各个方位的信息进行采集,使得采集到的数据能够描述不同深度、不同角度的损伤情况。结合套管半径、涡流扩散时间以及径向探测角度之间的关系,通过对井口三维数据的处理,实现套管内外壁三维成像,进而实现井口油管的非对称损伤解释。通过与传统的电磁探伤曲线的对比,验证了所提井口油管三维成像检测方法的有效性,为现场套管损伤解释工作提供重要依据。

地方政府创新驱动对区域协调发展的影响

基于2008—2020年我国31个省(市、自治区)的面板数据,测度了地方政府创新驱动和区域协调发展水平,并借助空间杜宾模型探究地方政府创新驱动对区域协调发展的影响。研究发现:地方政府创新驱动可显著促进区域协调发展,但存在明显的地区差异,东部、中部地区的地方政府创新驱动对区域协调发展的促进作用较为显著,西部地区的促进作用并不显著;地方政府创新驱动对区域协调发展存在正向的空间溢出效应,且这种空间溢出效应在东、中、西和东北地区存在地区差异;互联网普及和城市规模未处在合适的范围内会抑制区域协调发展,交通基础条件和人口城市化水平的提高均可促进区域协调发展。据此提出建议:加大地方政府创新驱动力度,积极发挥其对区域协调发展的促进作用;加强区域间合作交流,共同打造区域协调发展新格局;从多角度、全方位出发,促进区域协调发展。

江苏省农用地整治项目实施的时空特征及其协调性研究

基于2011—2020年江苏省农用地整治项目数据,采用GIS空间计量和耦合协调度分析等方法探究了江苏省农用地整治项目时空格局特征,评估了农用地整治项目实施的协调度。结果显示:2011—2020年江苏省农用地整治项目数量、建设规模、新增耕地规模和投资金额的标准差和变异系数总体呈现波浪式变化。江苏省农用地整治项目的空间集聚特征呈现不均衡性,农用地整治项目的重心移动轨迹变化显著。2011—2020年江苏省农用地整治项目实施的协调度总体较低,处于严重失调向中度失调过渡的状态,空间格局呈现中部协调度略高、南北两侧协调度偏低。未来应强化农用地整治规划编制,明确农用地整治项目实施过程的资金要素配置,有效增加耕地面积,提升农用地整治项目区的综合效益。

“双循环”新格局下中国省域旅游协同发展研究

旅游业具备较强的辐射和联动作用,同时也具备较好的内外循环能力,区域旅游协同发展对促进区域旅游高质量发展、推动国内旅游内循环、疏通国际旅游外循环具有重要意义。文章以中国31个省域为研究对象,构建中国旅游协同发展的评价指标体系,运用耦合协调模型与标准差椭圆分析中国旅游协同发展状况与演化趋势,运用引力模型与社会网络分析法研究各省域旅游协同发展的空间联系强度。研究表明:(1)中国旅游协同发展总体上呈现“东部隆起,西部凹陷,中部衔接”的态势,形成马太效应,旅游协同发展重心逐渐向西南移动;(2)空间联系的网络结构逐渐向面状式聚集,在东部与中部形成的增长极发挥核心辐射作用,以空间联系强度为划分标准的聚类逐渐集中并打破地域限制。由此提出,东部应用创新突破旅游协同发展瓶颈,中部需要充分挖掘自身旅游优势,西部各方面起头并进,统筹发展;充分调动各省域之间的旅游活力,促进旅游各要素在区域间的流动,实现由小区域向大区域推进旅游协同发展,逐步提高中国整体旅游协同发展水平。

黄河流域乡村集群的空间协同发展路径——以黄河滨州段为例

立足于黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展、乡村振兴国家战略在山东的地域性实践背景,基于对黄河流域乡村集群的空间协同发展路径研究,阐释乡村集群的概念并归纳沿黄乡村集群特征,从黄河流域乡村的发展壁垒入手,将乡村集群类型划分为城乡融合型、带状集聚型、组团提升型等3种集群空间模式,提出统筹体系架构与空间优化两层面的协同路径。随后,以《滨州市黄河沿岸国土空间规划》为例,以229个村庄为样本,构建由城乡融合示范区、特色集聚段、门户提升段构成的“一区三段”乡村集群空间格局,提出“尺度嵌合、显隐结合、城乡融合”的空间协同路径,以及空间多尺度的分类传导和规划多嵌套的分级传导体系,以期为黄河流域乡村高质量发展提供可参考的路径模式。

数据要素新动能对长江经济带制造业高质量发展的影响研究

论文选取长江经济带11省(市)2012~2021年相关数据,基于制造业高质量发展的“驱动力压力状态影响响应”评价指标体系,采用熵值法对长江经济带制造业高质量发展指数进行测度,并运用Tobit面板模型检验数据要素新动能对长江经济带制造业高质量发展的影响效应。结果表明:长江经济带制造业高质量发展保持“稳中向好”的发展趋势,五大子系统之间差异显著,制造业高质量发展水平呈现出“下游地区>中游地区>上游地区”发展格局,下游地区领先优势明显,区域发展不平衡问题仍然存在。数据要素新动能对长江经济带制造业高质量发展具有显著的推动作用,但分区域视角下影响不一,对上游地区正向促进作用显著,对中游地区负向抑制作用显著,对下游地区影响不显著。鉴于此,论文从区域分工协作、创新驱动发展、数字化人才供应方面提出对策建议。

武陵山片区经济韧性与乡村振兴耦合协调时空演变研究

提升经济韧性与乡村振兴耦合协调水平对于实现共同富裕意义重大。在剖析经济韧性与乡村振兴耦合协调机理基础上,以武陵山片区30个县域单元为研究对象,综合运用核密度估计、耦合协调模型和空间马尔科夫链探析2011—2021年武陵山片区经济韧性与乡村振兴的耦合协调度及其时空演变特征。结果表明:武陵山片区经济韧性和乡村振兴的发展指数整体呈波动上升趋势,二者空间异质性显著;乡村振兴与经济韧性的耦合协调度呈逐年上升态势,空间上呈现出“西北部>东南部>中部”的分异格局;经济韧性滞后是阻滞大部分地区“乡村振兴—经济韧性”复合系统耦合协调水平提高的重要因素;武陵山片区耦合协调水平呈现“俱乐部”趋同现象,且高(低)水平邻域会提高本地耦合协调度向上(下)转移的概率。研究成果可为提升武陵山片区居民福祉、促进乡村振兴提供科学参考。

新疆区域弹性与旅游业发展的耦合协调关系研究

文章测度了2011—2020年新疆区域弹性与旅游业发展水平,并分析二者的耦合协调关系及时空演变特征。研究表明:2011—2020年,新疆区域弹性不断提升,旅游业综合发展指数整体呈上升态势,北疆地区旅游业发展水平明显高于南疆和东疆地区;区域弹性与旅游业发展两系统的耦合协调度在2011—2019年间逐步提升,2020年有所下降,二者的作用关系呈现由高耦合、低协调水平向高耦合、高协调水平的演变态势。系统层面中,区域弹性系统对提升区域弹性与旅游业发展两系统耦合协调水平的阻碍度高于旅游业发展系统;指标层面中,旅游外汇收入、入境旅游人数和平均每万人大学生数是提升区域弹性与旅游业发展两系统耦合协调度的主要障碍因素。

我国高等职业教育与区域经济耦合协调的机理、评价与启示

高等职业教育与区域经济通过宏观产教融合、中观校企合作和微观工学结合的嵌套,形成三位一体的耦合。基于2011—2021年的省际面板数据,运用耦合协调度模型、Dagum基尼系数、空间关联分析与空间杜宾模型探究高等职业教育与区域经济耦合协调度的时空分异、空间集聚与影响因素。研究发现:全国与省际的耦合协调度呈上升趋势,耦合协调度较高的省份呈现出东部沿海地区向内陆收缩的“漏斗形”分布格局;耦合协调度的整体表征为全局空间正相关,局部主要为高-高集聚,集聚区的演变反映出省际协调与博弈;政府支持程度对本地的影响为正,对邻地的影响为负,政府干预力度对本地和邻地的影响为负,市场化水平对本地和邻地的影响为正。为进一步推动高等职业教育与区域经济的耦合协调发展,应当把握好系统逻辑、空间逻辑与主体逻辑,持续深化两系统的协同发展。

中国制造业产业链、创新链、资金链、人才链耦合协调发展:统计测度与演进态势

推动产业链、创新链、资金链、人才链融合发展是贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局的重要战略举措。基于2012-2021年中国30个省(区、市)的数据,利用耦合协调度模型测算分析中国制造业产业链、创新链、资金链和人才链(以下简称“四链”)的耦合协调度,运用核密度估计法和Dagum基尼系数考察其时间演进态势和空间差异来源,利用障碍度模型探究影响中国制造业“四链”耦合协调度的主要因素。研究结果表明:制造业“四链”耦合协调发展态势维稳向好,整体处于中度耦合协调阶段;创新链子系统发展持续滞后于产业链、资金链、人才链子系统;除“产业链-资金链”外,其他子系统“两两”间的耦合协调度均呈增长趋势;制造业“四链”耦合协调发展的区域差异大致呈现先上升后下降的倒“U”型趋势,主要来自区域间差异;目前要素层面临的主要障碍因子分别为产业链宽度、创新环境、资金周转能力和人才结构。最后,从鼓励区域间合作、优化创新激励机制、完善金融支持体系和引领人才回归实体经济部门等方面提出建议。