Spatial Control of Lithium Deposition by Controlling the Lithiophilicity with Copper(Ⅰ)Oxide Boundaries

Spatial control of lithium deposition is the most important issue in lithium-metal batteries because of the considerable control of lithium dendrite suppression via the uniform distribution of Li^(+)flux.Although seed materials are crucial for the behavior of lithium deposition,in-depth studies on their physical and chemical control have not been conducted.Here,we describe a new design of seed structure comprising a wrinkled Cu/graphene substrate surrounded by copper(Ⅰ)oxide(Cu_(2)O)on a graphene grain boundary over a large area,which is fabricated by the oxidation of the Cu surface via graphene boundary defects by using chemical vapor deposition(CVD).Scanning and transmission electron microscopy results reveal that Cu_(2)O on the graphene boundary can render a preferential reaction with lithium during the first deposition and assist in the uniform deposition of lithium by preventing the agglomeration of lithium clusters during the second deposition.This two-step process is attributed to the degree of selectivity due to the difference in lithium affinity,which allows long-term electrochemical stability and a high rate capability via boundary effects.This study highlights the significance of the boundary effect,which can open new avenues for the formation of a large family of seed structures in lithium-metal batteries.

Research on Spatial Control Technology in the Planning of Village-and-town System——A Case Study of Beiyang Town of Hebiqi County in China

With the acceleration of urbanization and construction of villages and towns,excessive development,repeated construction and extensive expansion have appeared gradually,causing great spatial pressure for villages and towns.Spatial control technology as an effective control means for resources' allocation and development mode plays an increasingly significant role in the planning and construction of village-and-town system.By taking Beiyang Town of Hebiqi County for example,in the perspective of influential factors of subarea division,spatial planning subarea and spatial control strategy,the paper has introduced and discussed spatial control technology,providing a train of thought for spatial control planning.

Spatial variability of soil bulk density and its controlling factors in an agricultural intensive area of Chengdu Plain,Southwest China

Soil bulk density is a basic but important physic soil property related to soil porosity,soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity,which is crucial to soil quality assessment and land use management.In this study,we evaluated the spatial variability of soil bulk density in the 0–20,20–40,40–60 and 60–100 cm layers as well as its affecting factors in Southwest China’s agricultural intensive area.Results indicated the mean value of surface soil bulk density(0–20 cm)was 1.26 g cm^(–3),significantly lower than that of subsoil(20–100 cm).No statistical difference existed among the subsoil with a mean soil bulk density of 1.54 g cm^(–3).Spatially,soil bulk density played a similar spatial pattern in soil profile,whereas obvious differences were found in details.The nugget effects for soil bulk density in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers were 27.22 and27.02%while 12.06 and 3.46%in the 40–60 and 60–100 cm layers,respectively,gradually decreasing in the soil profile,indicating that the spatial variability of soil bulk density above 40 cm was affected by structural and random factors while dominated by structural factors under 40 cm.Soil organic matter was the controlling factor on the spatial variability of soil bulk density in each layer.Land use and elevation were another two dominated factor controlling the spatial variability of soil bulk density in the 0–20 and 40–60 cm layers,respectively.Soil genus was one of the dominated factors controlling the spatial variability of soil bulk below 40 cm.

Trust-region based instantaneous optimal semi-active control of long-span spatially extended structures with MRF-04K damper

In the field of civil engineering, magnetorheological fluid （MRF） damper-based semi-active control systems have received considerable attention for use in protecting structures from natural hazards such as strong earthquakes and high winds. In this paper, the MRF damper-based semi-active control system is applied to a long-span spatially extended structure and its feasibility is discussed. Meanwhile, a _trust-region method based instantaneous optimal semi-active control algorithm （TIOC） is proposed to improve the performance of the semi-active control system in a multiple damper situation. The proposed TIOC describes the control process as a bounded constraint optimization problem, in which an optimal semi- active control force vector is solved by the trust-region method in every control step to minimize the structural responses. A numerical example of a railway station roof structure installed with MRF-04K dampers is presented. First, a modified Bouc- Wen model is utilized to describe the behavior of the selected MRF-04K damper. Then, two semi-active control systems, including the well-known clipped-optimal controller and the proposed TIOC controller, are considered. Based on the characteristics of the long-span spatially extended structure, the performance of the control system is evaluated under uniform earthquake excitation and travelling-wave excitation with different apparent velocities. The simulation results indicate that the MR fluid damper-based semi-active control systems have the potential to mitigate the responses of full-scale long-span spatially extended structures under earthquake hazards. The superiority of the proposed TIOC controller is demonstrated by comparing its control effectiveness with the clipped-optimal controller for several different cases.

Ground motion spatial variability effects on seismic response control of cable-stayed bridges

The spatial variability of input ground motion at supporting foundations plays a key role in the structural response of cable-stayed bridges （CSBs）; therefore, spatial variation effects should be included in the analysis and design of effective vibration control systems. The control of CSBs represents a challenging and unique problem, with many complexities in modeling, control design and implementation, since the control system should be designed not only to mitigate the dynamic component of the structural response but also to counteract the effects of the pseudo-static component of the response. The spatial variability effects on the feasibility and efficiency of seismic control systems for the vibration control of CSBs are investigated in this paper. The assumption of uniform earthquake motion along the entire bridge may result in quantitative and qualitative differences in seismic response as compared with those produced by uniform motion at all supports. A systematic comparison of passive and active system performance in reducing the structural responses is performed, focusing on the effect of the spatially varying earthquake ground motion on the seismic response of a benchmark CSB model with different control strategies, and demonstrates the importance of accounting for the spatial variability of excitations.

Spatial variability and its main controlling factors of the permafrost soil-moisture on the northern-slope of Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The soil moisture movement is an important carrier of material cycle and energy flow among the various geo-spheres in the cold regions.Thus, this research takes the north slope of Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case study.The present study firstly investigates the change of permafrost moisture in different slope positions and depths. Based on this investigation, this article attempts to investigate the spatial variability of permafrost moisture and identifies the key influence factors in different terrain conditions. The method of classification and regression tree(CART) is adopted to identify the main controlling factors influencing the soil moisture movement. The relationships between soil moisture and environmental factors are revealed by the use of the method of canonical correspondence analysis(CCA). The results show that: 1) Due to the terrain slope and the freezing-thawing process, the horizontal flow weakens in the freezing period. The vertical migration of the soil moisture movement strengthens. It will lead to that the soil-moisture content in the up-slope is higher than that in the down-slope. The conclusion is contrary during the melting period. 2) Elevation, soil texture, soil temperature and vegetation coverage are the main environmental factors which affect the slopepermafrost soil-moisture. 3) Slope, elevation and vegetation coverage are the main factors that affect the slope-permafrost soil-moisture at the shallow depth of 0-20 cm. It is complex at the middle and lower depth.

Temporal and Spatial Variations in the Climate Controls of Vegetation Dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau during 1982–2011

The ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau is highly susceptible to climate change. Currently, there is little discussion on the temporal changes in the link between climatic factors and vegetation dynamics in this region under the changing climate.By employing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data, the Climatic Research Unit temperature and precipitation data,and the in-situ meteorological observations, we report the temporal and spatial variations in the relationships between the vegetation dynamics and climatic factors on the Plateau over the past three decades. The results show that from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, vegetation dynamics in the central and southeastern part of the Plateau appears to show a closer relationship with precipitation prior to the growing season than that of temperature. From the mid-1990s, the temperature rise seems to be the key climatic factor correlating vegetation growth in this region. The effects of increasing temperature on vegetation are spatially variable across the Plateau: it has negative impacts on vegetation activity in the southwestern and northeastern part of the Plateau, and positive impacts in the central and southeastern Plateau. In the context of global warming, the changing climate condition(increasing precipitation and significant rising temperature) might be the potential contributor to the shift in the climatic controls on vegetation dynamics in the central and southeastern Plateau.

江苏省传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素研究

传统村落是中国历史文化价值的空间体现,从省域视角辨析传统村落的空间分布特征及影响因素,将有效支撑传统村落的保护和利用。文章以江苏省472个传统村落为研究对象,采用最邻近点指数、地理集中指数、不平衡指数等模型,分尺度、分批次识别其空间分布特征,构建“格网分析+地理加权回归”框架分析各影响因素的作用效果。结论如下:(1)不同尺度下,江苏省传统村落空间分布呈现差异化集散特征,区域、市域尺度下传统村落分布较为分散,区县尺度下呈现集中分布的趋势,主要分布在苏州吴江、无锡宜兴、扬州高邮和江都;(2)不同批次传统村落在苏南地区的空间分布密度远高于苏北地区;(3)生态、人口、经济、交通与城市因素对于传统村落空间分布作用方向、作用强度差异显著,对传统村落的保护和利用提出更高的发展要求。

Preliminary Study in Spatial Data Warehouse of Flood Control and Disaster Mitigation in Yangtze River Basin

Since 1990s,the spatial data warehouse technology has rapidly been developing, but due to the complexity of multi-dimensional analysis, extensive application of the spatial data warehouse technology is affected. In the light of the characteristics of the flood control and disaster mitigation in the Yangtze river basin, it is proposed to design a scheme about the subjects and data distribution of the spatial data warehouse of the flood control and disaster mitigation in Yangtze river basin, i.e., to adopt a distributed scheme. The creation and development of the spatial data warehouse of the flood control and disaster mitigation in Yangtze river basin is presented .The necessity and urgency of establishing the spatial data warehouse is expounded from the viewpoint of the present situation being short of available information for the flood control and disaster mitigation in Yangtze river basin.

民航管制安全风险主题时空分布规律研究

为了探究民航管制安全风险的时空分布规律,基于潜在迪利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)主题模型识别出民航管制安全风险主题,定义民航管制安全风险主题强度的定量测度指标,运用全局空间自相关分析和冷热点分析对民航管制安全风险主题的时空分布规律进行研究。结果表明:利用LDA主题模型识别出“管制员指令错误风险”等10个管制安全风险主题;“管制员指令错误风险”主题存在较弱的全局空间自相关性,在2018—2021年,全局Moran’s I总体呈现波动增长的趋势;在2018—2021年,“管制员指令错误风险”主题强度高值聚集的区域由西南向东南转移,高值聚集区域数量变少,且不稳定,低值聚集区域发生转移并在2020年后保持稳定。通过全局空间自相关分析和冷热点分析确定了2018—2021年中国民航不同管制区域的管制安全风险的时空分布格局,为局方进行差异化的安全监管提供决策支持。

雾霾治理、户籍制度改革与城市劳动生产率

随着城市化进程进入中后期,以及户籍制度的稳步放开,人口在城市之间的流动正取代城乡流动成为人口迁移的主流,而环境在人口的跨城迁移决策中扮演着益发重要的角色。理解环境治理、人口流动和更深远的经济影响之间的正反馈机制,对于坚定环境治理与高质量发展同频共振的信心,激活中国式现代化的动力具有重要意义。该研究构建包含劳动力迁移的量化空间模型(QSM)对2008—2020年城市劳动生产率的变动及其影响因素进行结构估计,并结合285个地市的现实数据基于校准后的量化模型对雾霾治理的经济影响进行评估。研究发现:①雾霾治理能够同时改善城市劳动生产率和居民福利,且户籍改革的政策叠加效应可以进一步强化这种正向效果,在劳动力充分流动情形下,雾霾治理将推动劳动生产率平均提升7.75%。②雾霾治理对城市劳动生产率的提升效应存在多重异质性,超大特大城市、雾霾污染严重的城市治理雾霾带来的平均劳动生产率提升更大。③结合“双碳”目标下的一系列行动展开反事实模拟发现,政府强制性环保目标在督促城市改善空气质量的同时也提高了城市劳动生产率,且“双碳”目标下区域协同治理比重点地区“加码”政策更为有效。因此未来需要重点关注户籍制度改革与环境治理的共同发力协同推进,进一步“松绑”人口流动构建全国统一大市场,以有效释放劳动力跨区流动的结构红利;树立共同治理目标落实多元协同治霾,依托更加宜居的城市环境激活劳动力和各类生产要素潜能,进一步推动城市经济高质量发展。

耕地种植用途管控制度研究——基于《粮食安全保障法》相关规定的解析

从《土地管理法》规定“耕地用途管制”到《粮食安全保障法》规定“耕地种植用途管控”,这在一定程度上说明国家层面对耕地种植用途干预的具体方式倾向于更加注重市场机制的功能发挥。耕地种植用途管控事实上意味着国家在寻求耕地内部效益与外部效益之间的平衡,并且嵌入了优化耕地种植结构的立法意图。检视我国的耕地种植用途管控制度可见,国土空间规划存在制度厚度不足、耕地保护利用激励制度存在绩效不彰、耕地种植用途管控存在操作性层面挑战、耕地种植用途管控面临多元价值冲突。完善耕地种植用途管控制度的关键是要厘清政府干预市场的边界,对国土空间规划制度进行调适,补强耕地保护利用激励制度,在此基础上,还需进一步优化农村集体经济组织的管理功能。

海河流域水土流失空间分布特征及防治对策

基于2020年海河流域水土流失动态监测成果,计算县级行政区土壤侵蚀严重指数,分析流域水土流失面积及分布特征等,提出水土流失综合防治对策。流域水土流失面积占土地总面积的20.84%,占山区土地面积的34.21%;土壤侵蚀严重的县级行政区有5个,较严重的有63个;水土流失分布主要集中在永定河上游黄土丘陵区、太行山土石山区、冀北燕山石质山区和燕山北部坝上风沙区等区域。水土流失发生重点地类以旱地、有林地、其他草地、灌木林地和天然牧草地为主,呈现面积不大但相对集中、危害大的特点;生产活动频繁导致水土流失仍然严重,土壤侵蚀强度不高,但治理难度大。当前,水土流失依然是海河流域主要生态问题之一,水土流失防治应结合区域水土流失特点科学布局,系统配置各类措施,推进流域水土流失治理高质量发展。

“管控与指引”导向下的镇村两级规划传导特征辨析——基于6省份编制导则的比较

党的二十大强调以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族的伟大复兴。我国的乡村现代化推进对国家经济社会持续发展与安全稳定具有重要影响,而其空间治理问题的合理解决又是实现城乡要素双向流通、城乡一体化发展、乡村振兴的基础。在我国国土空间规划体系中,镇村两级规划与乡村地区空间治理密切相关,二者之间的传导是否通畅,极大地影响规划实施与空间治理的效力。基于此,本文着重从“管控”与“指引”两维度比较研究6省份的乡镇级国土空间规划导则与实用性村庄规划导则,梳理出镇村两级规划传导的特征与问题,尝试提出优化策略,以期为乡村地区空间治理现代化的实现提供新思路。

城市群国土空间冲突识别、归因与消解

城市群国土空间系统性强且人地关系作用复杂,深刻认知空间冲突并消解是城市群空间格局调控优化的前提与基础。本文聚焦国土空间冲突,重点研究城市群尺度下国土空间冲突的分布规律、影响因素、消解路径。文章首先对空间冲突的概念、表象与本质进行研究,明确其概念层面基本问题;其次揭示当前长三角城市群国土空间冲突的类型、强度、分布状态等空间分布规律,并明确影响国土空间冲突形成的地理格局要素、人类活动要素、部门博弈要素;然后对影响城市群国土空间冲突的要素进行归因总结,将空间冲突细分为“地—地冲突”“人—地冲突”“人—人冲突”,明确空间冲突形成过程;最后兼顾技术属性与政策属性,从秩序判别、功能融合、府际协作三方面提出空间冲突消解思路与路径,研究结果可为实现国土空间精细化管控与治理提供理论与技术支撑。

黄河三角洲浅地层扰动的空间差异及其主控机制

现代黄河水下三角洲是油气开采、海底管道铺设等基础设施建设的重要地区,随着黄河经历多次改道,不同河口海域的泥沙供应、海洋动力以及人类活动等条件发生显著变化,黄河三角洲不同河口地区沉积演化出现明显差异,其地层结构的变化备受工程人员及研究学者的关注。本文基于2023年浅地层剖面数据,以整个现代黄河三角洲及其分区(刁口-神仙沟河口、现行河口、清水沟河口)为研究对象,研究黄河三角洲浅地层扰动空间分布特征,对比3个河口区浅地层扰动的差异性,结合不同河口区的泥沙供应、海洋动力等资料,揭示地层扰动差异性的主控机制。研究结果表明:(1)从典型地层扰动区的基本特征来看,黄河三角洲地区的扰动地层的总体分布呈现出随水深的增加而逐渐减少的规律。不同河口区扰动地层差异显著,其中刁口-神仙沟河口的扰动地层主要表现为数量多、埋藏深度浅的特征;清水沟河口的扰动地层以聚集分布、埋藏浅、发育规模大等为特征;而现行河口海域扰动地层以埋藏深、数量少为主要特征;(2)黄河三角洲不同区域的地层结构受入海泥沙和海洋动力等因素的影响,具有明显的空间差异性。波浪的高底剪切应力分布与地层扰动高密度区分布高度一致,波致底剪切应力是影响3个河口区域以及不同水深地层结构差异的主要动力因素,而入海泥沙供应则导致不同河口区扰动地层埋深有所差异。

山地城市交通场站空间布局方法与重庆实践

基于对山地城市交通场站空间布局难点的分析,从适应各级国土空间规划编制需求的视角总结交通场站规划编制及管控工作的重点任务,从管控单元、评估度量方法、管控指标体系、动态调整机制4个维度阐述山地城市交通场站专项规划编制的思维变革,结合重庆中心城区公交场站布局规划的实证探索,构建适应国土空间规划传导体系的交通场站专项规划编制方法。在管控单元划定上,逐步向以服务单元为单位的差异化管理方式转型,分类明确管控方向;在评估度量方法上,叠合公交车实际行驶路径与泰森多边形面域,划定服务范围;在管控指标体系构建上,实现管控指标与人口、用地及设施布局的多维契合;在动态调整机制上,建立“刚弹结合”的动态调整机制,灵活应对用地布局调整的不确定性。

生态空间规划管控的优化策略与框架构建

按照国土空间规划背景下生态空间规划的要求,分析当前各类生态空间规划在管控对象、管控内容、管控方式等方面存在的问题,提出国土空间规划体系中生态空间规划管控的优化策略与建议。一是按照“管制分区—用途单元—地块图斑”分级划分生态用地,精细区分管控对象。二是完善各层级管控内容,宏观层面强调战略性,构建生态空间保护格局;中观层面注重结构性,强化分区管控与单元布局;微观层面侧重实施性,落实生态地块要素管控,实现管控内容的分级指引。三是针对生态空间采用“基础要素、特色指标、特别意图、刚弹结合”多元拓展的管控方式。尝试构建与国土空间规划相融合,分层、分级、分类、多元的生态空间规划管控框架,为完善国土空间规划提出有益建议。

中国新世纪水稻生产负外部性评估及时空演变研究

水稻生产间接价值研究集中在生态系统服务功能上,外部性尤其负外部性研究不多,对其评估有利于生态防控和农业永续发展。基于2000—2021年全国各省水稻的面板数据,运用市场价值法和空间自相关等方法,从温室气体排放、化肥污染、农药污染、地膜污染、水资源消耗和农机能源污染方面分析水稻的负外部性价值及其时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)全国水稻生产年均负外部性价值达2080.27×10^(8)元,其中温室气体排放、化肥、农药、地膜污染、水资源消耗和农机能源污染占比分别为35.93%、20.71%、10.27%、9.04%、17.44%和6.61%。(2)以2012年新时代为分界点,负外部性价值总量呈先增后减趋势,体现了新时代生态防控的成效。(3)空间分布异质性强,负外部性价值主要分布在胡焕庸线以东,其中华中、华南、西南、东北和华北稻作区年均负外部性价值分别为1025.45×10^(8)元、426.96×10^(8)元、329.36×10^(8)元、221.52×10^(8)元和61.99×10^(8)元;负外部性价值与地理空间存在全局正相关关系;局部自相关自东南向西北由“高-高”聚集向“低-低”聚集和不显著演变,“高-高”集聚区主要分布在华中和华南稻作区,“低-低”集聚区主要分布在华北稻作区。创新性地从研究对象和动态全局视阈评估了水稻生产负外部性,并从政府引领、市场引导和农户主导方面提出了因应策略。