Industrial Carbon Emission Distribution and Regional Joint Emission Reduction:A Case Study of Cities in the Pearl River Basin,China

China’s low-carbon development path will make significant contributions to achieving global sustainable development goals.Due to the diverse natural and economic conditions across different regions in China,there exists an imbalance in the distribution of car-bon emissions.Therefore,regional cooperation serves as an effective means to attain low-carbon development.This study examined the pattern of carbon emissions and proposed a potential joint emission reduction strategy by utilizing the industrial carbon emission intens-ity(ICEI)as a crucial factor.We utilized social network analysis and Local Indicators of Spatial Association(LISA)space-time trans-ition matrix to investigate the spatiotemporal connections and discrepancies of ICEI in the cities of the Pearl River Basin(PRB),China from 2010 to 2020.The primary drivers of the ICEI were determined through geographical detectors and multi-scale geographically weighted regression.The results were as follows:1)the overall ICEI in the Pearl River Basin is showing a downward trend,and there is a significant spatial imbalance.2)There are numerous network connections between cities regarding the ICEI,but the network structure is relatively fragile and unstable.3)Economically developed cities such as Guangzhou,Foshan,and Dongguan are in the center of the network while playing an intermediary role.4)Energy consumption,industrialization,per capita GDP,urbanization,science and techno-logy,and productivity are found to be the most influential variables in the spatial differentiation of ICEI,and their combination in-creased the explanatory power of the geographic variation of ICEI.Finally,through the analysis of differences and connections in urban carbon emissions under different economic levels and ICEI,the study suggests joint carbon reduction strategies,which are centered on carbon transfer,financial support,and technological assistance among cities.

Application of rough set-based analysis to extract spatial relationship indicator rules： An example of land use in Pearl River Delta

Spatial relations,reflecting the complex association between geographical phenomena and environments,are very important in the solution of geographical issues. Different spatial relations can be expressed by indicators which are useful for the analysis of geographical issues. Urbanization,an important geographical issue,is considered in this paper. The spatial relationship indicators concerning urbanization are expressed with a decision table. Thereafter,the spatial relationship indicator rules are extracted based on the application of rough set theory. The extraction process of spatial relationship indicator rules is illustrated with data from the urban and rural areas of Shenzhen and Hong Kong,located in the Pearl River Delta. Land use vector data of 1995 and 2000 are used. The extracted spatial relationship indicator rules of 1995 are used to identify the urban and rural areas in Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Macao. The identification accuracy is approximately 96.3%. Similar procedures are used to extract the spatial relationship indicator rules of 2000 for the urban and rural areas in Zhongshan,Zhuhai and Macao. An identification accuracy of about 83.6% is obtained.

Epidemiological features of seasonal influenza transmission among 11 climate zones in Chinese mainland

Background Previous studies provided some evidence of meteorological factors influence seasonal influenza transmission patterns varying across regions and latitudes. However, research on seasonal influenza activities based on climate zones are still in lack. This study aims to utilize the ecological-based Koppen Geiger climate zones classification system to compare the spatial and temporal epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza in Chinese mainland and assess the feasibility of developing an early warning system.Methods Weekly influenza cases number from 2014 to 2019 at the county and city level were sourced from China National Notifiable Infectious Disease Report Information System. Epidemic temporal indices, time series seasonality decomposition, spatial modelling theories including Moran’s/ and local indicators of spatial association were applied to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of influenza transmission.Results All climate zones had peaks in Winter-Spring season. Arid, desert, cold (BWk) showed up the first peak. Only Tropical, savannah (Aw) and Temperate, dry winter with hot summer (Cwa) zones had unique summer peak. Temperate, no dry season and hot summer (Cfa) zone had highest average incidence rate (IR) at 1.047/100,000. The Global Moran’s/ showed that average IR had significant clustered trend (z = 53.69,P < 0.001), with local Moran’s/ identified high-high cluster in Cfa and Cwa. IR differed among three age groups between climate zones (0-14 years old:F = 26.80,P < 0.001;15-64 years old:F = 25.04,P < 0.001;Above 65 years old:F = 5.27,P < 0.001). Age group 0-14 years had highest average IR in Cwa and Cfa (IR= 6.23 and 6.21) with unique dual peaks in winter and spring season showed by seasonality decomposition.Conclusions Seasonal influenza exhibited distinct spatial and temporal patterns in different climate zones. Seasonal influenza primarily emerged in BWk, subsequently in Cfa and Cwa. Cfa, Cwa and BSk pose high risk for seasonal influenza epidemics. The research finds will provide scientific evidence for developing seasonal influenza early warning system based on climate zones.

A spatial framework for detecting anthropogenic impacts on predator-prey interactions that sustain ecological integrity in Mexico

Background:This paper presents several spatial indicators developed to evaluate anthropogenic impacts on predator-prey interactions and their relationship with ecological integrity loss in Mexico.Ecological integrity loss is defined as the inability to sustain viable populations,habitat functions,and species interactions of Nearctic and Neotropical apex predators as a result of anthropogenic effects.As direct impacts,the indicators evaluate habitat loss and the number of inhospitable habitats.As indirect impacts,the indicators evaluate the avoidance of human features such as highways,roads,and human locations.The total impact level is described at 1 km^(2) resolution,and registered within the domain defined by the spatial habitat requirements of apex predators.The impact level is associated with ecological integrity loss,or the ecosystem capacity to reorganize habitat functions and sustain predator-prey interactions as the most visible elements of ecological integrity.Ecological integrity loss is evaluated for different groups of apex predators that are classified with different levels of anthropogenic threat.Results:The framework presented here identifies the spatial information needed for the assessment of cumulative anthropogenic impacts.By characterizing their distribution range,Nearctic predators have significantly larger intact habitats than neotropical predators but with higher ecological degradation,less landscape transformation,and overall less ecological integrity.As observed within their distribution areas,indirect impacts have a generalized effect in the broad range of landscapes in Mexico.Ecological integrity loss is the result of road,highway,and human settlement avoidance;but landscape transformation and human activity control the threshold for which ecological integrity loss becomes critical.On the other hand,there are no significant differences in impact levels among threat conservation categories for apex predators,which indicate that all predator species have the same threat level and should be all included in protection efforts.Conclusions:With the application of this spatial framework,the significance,scale,and baseline conditions can be established for evaluating anthropogenic impacts on ecological integrity.The analysis of the current condition shows the status for apex predator in the country,and identifies the ecological integrity threshold when human activities have severe to highly severe impacts in the landscape,threatening the viability of populations and their habitat.

Localization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals in surface soil of Asia’s oldest oil and gas drilling site in Assam,northeast India:Implications for the bio-economy

The environmental influx of hazardous contaminants viz PAHs and HMs occurs due to oil and gas drilling,and processing of petroleum products in industrial facilities and refineries.This problem plagues crude oil drilling sites as PAHs are an essential component of and HMs coexist with crude oil.We analyzed the spatial distribution of 16 PAHs and 8 HMs in 10 contaminated sites of Assam,a state in India.These included Digboi,where crude oil was drilled in 1867 and the first oil well in Asia that was drilled.TheƩ16 PAHs in soil were detected with a minimum of 13.48 and a maximum of 86.3 mgkg
1 andƩ8 heavy metal concentrations in the soil ranged between 69.51 and 336.06 mgkg
1.A negative correlation was detected between the relative concentrations of PAHs and HMs.The results confirmed that the nonbiodegradable nature of HMs made them stay in the soil for longer periods of time.In our study,we found that the levels of lead,copper,nickel,and chromium(total)in soil were 73.62,11.86,58.97 and 158.66 mgkg
1.The recovery percentage for PAHs and HMs were in the range of 67e97%and 90e95%respectively.Spatial distribution indices for Phenanthrene/Anthracene,Naphthalene/Acenapthhylene,Chyrsene/Benzo(g,h,i)perylene and Fluranthene/Pyrene)calculated for soil samples indicated that the spatial distribution of PAHs in soil is uneven which might be due to variations in contaminates disseminated in soil.Such regionalized concentration has serious implications on the bio-economy both in terms of health and economy,especially since the proximity of crude oil sites to paddy fields and/or tea plantations uniquely marks the landscape of upper Assam.