Fuzzy topological relations between fuzzy spatial objects

Fuzziness is an internal property of spatial objects.How to model fuzziness of a spatial object is a main task of next generation GIS.This paper proposes basic fuzzy spatial object types based on fuzzy topology.These object types are the natural extension of current nonfuzzy spatial object types.A fuzzy cell complex structure is defined for modeling fuzzy regions,lines and points.Furthermore,fuzzy topological relations between these fuzzy spatial objects are formalized based on the 9intersection approach.This model can be implemented for GIS applications due to its scientific theory basis.

Spatial Object Aggregation Based on Data Structure, Local Triangulation and Hierarchical Analyzing Method

This paper focuses on the methods and process of spatial aggregation based on semantic and geometric characteristics of spatial objects and relations among the objects with the help of spatial data structure (Formal Data Structure),the Local Constrained Delaunay Triangulations and semantic hierarchy.The adjacent relation among connected objects and unconnected objects has been studied through constrained triangle as elementary processing unit in aggregation operation.The hierarchical semantic analytical matrix is given for analyzing the similarity between objects types and between objects.Several different cases of aggregation have been presented in this paper.

SPATIAL OBJECTS AND SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS

Spatial object and spatial relationship are two basic concepts of GIS.Spatial object is the digital representation of geographical entity or phenomenon,which forms the basis for data management and analysis;spatial relationship is theconnexion between spatial objects when geometric properties are considered.Thecommonly used classification of spatial objects as points,lines and areas is mathe-matically strict,and suitable for data management,but a bit too generalized forrepresenting real entities and extracting spatial relationships.A good classificationmodel should not only be good for representing real entities,but also good for re-vealing spatial relationships,therefore good for formalizing spatial analyses.

DEALING WITH SPATIAL RELATIONS FOR SPATIAL OBJECTS WITH RANDOMNESS IN GIS

To design retrieval algorithm of spatial relations for spatial objects with randomness in GIS,this paper builds up the membership functions based on set theory idea,used for determination of topological spatial relations between random objects,such as between point and point,point and line or polygon,which provides theoretical basis for retrieving spatial relations between certain and random objects.Finally,this paper interprets detailed methods and steps of realizing them by means of some simple examples under the GIS’s environment.

Behavior Mining of Spatial Objects with Data Field

The advanced data mining technologies and the large quantities of remotely sensed Imagery provide a data mining opportunity with high potential for useful results. Extracting interesting patterns and rules from data sets composed of images and associated ground data can be of importance in object identification, community planning, resource discovery and other areas. In this paper, a data field is presented to express the observed spatial objects and conduct behavior mining on them. First, most of the important aspects are discussed on behavior mining and its implications for the future of data mining. Furthermore, an ideal framework of the behavior mining system is proposed in the network environment. Second, the model of behavior mining is given on the observed spatial objects, including the objects described by the first feature data field and the main feature data field by means of the potential function. Finally, a case study about object identification in public is given and analyzed. The experimental results show that the new model is feasible in behavior mining.

Ontological exploration of geospatial objects in context

Structured study of spatial objects and their relationships leads to a better cognition of the geospatial information and creates the concept of context at a higher level of abstraction.This study is aimed at providing a comprehensive definition of the context for geospatial objects.A combination of binary qualitative spatial relationships(i.e.direction,distance,and topological relations)among the members of a set of spatial objects will be used accordingly.In addition,by incorporating the general concept of context,obtained from either static data(attributes in a database)or dynamic data(sensors),the compact context of spatial objects will be introduced.Our framework for presentation of the involved knowledge and conception about the objects in context is also explored using ontology and description logic because of powerful conceptualization of relationships,either spatial or non-spatial,integrally.For this purpose,the hierarchies of main structure and object properties are formed at first.The constraint and characteristics of classes,such as subclasses,equivalent classes,cardinality etc.,and object properties,such as being functional,transitive,symmetric,asymmetric,inverse functional,disjoint etc.,are discovered and presented in more detail using web ontology language in description logic mode.The implementation is then performed in the framework of semantic web and extensible markup language syntaxes.The method ultimately facilitates,spatial reasoning by effective querying in a semantic framework taking pellet reasoner and SPARQL(a recursive acronym for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language).

OBJECT-ORIENTED SPATIAL DATA ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT IN GEOSTAR

Spatial data, including geometrical data, attribute data, image data and DEM data, are huge in volume and relations among them are complex. How to effectively organize and manage those data is an important problem in GIS. Several problems about space data organization and management in GeoStar which is a basic GIS software made in China are discussed in this paper. The paper emphasizes on object model of spatial vector, data organization, data management and how to realize the goal, and the like.

Object detection based on combination of local and spatial information

A method of object detection based on combination of local and spatial information is proposed. Firstly, the categorygiven representative images are chosen through clustering to be templates, and the local and spatial information of template are ex- tracted and generalized as the template feature. At the same time, the codebook dictionary of local contour is also built up. Secondly, based on the codebook dictionary, sliding-window mechanism and the vote algorithm are used to select initial candidate object win- dows. Lastly, the final object windows are got from initial candidate windows based on local and spatial structure feature matching. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to consistently identify and accurately detect the objects with better performance than the existing methods.

An Effective Image Retrieval Mechanism Using Family-based Spatial Consistency Filtration with Object Region

How to construct an appropriate spatial consistent measurement is the key to improving image retrieval performance. To address this problem, this paper introduces a novel image retrieval mechanism based on the family filtration in object region. First, we supply an object region by selecting a rectangle in a query image such that system returns a ranked list of images that contain the same object, retrieved from the corpus based on 100 images, as a result of the first rank. To further improve retrieval performance, we add an efficient spatial consistency stage, which is named family-based spatial consistency filtration, to re-rank the results returned by the first rank. We elaborate the performance of the retrieval system by some experiments on the dataset selected from the key frames of ＂TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation 2005 （TRECVID2005）＂. The results of experiments show that the retrieval mechanism proposed by us has vast major effect on the retrieval quality. The paper also verifies the stability of the retrieval mechanism by increasing the number of images from 100 to 2000 and realizes generalized retrieval with the object outside the dataset.

Overcoming Object Misalignment in Geo-Spatial Datasets

In integrating geo-spatial datasets, sometimes layers are unable to perfectly overlay each other. In most cases, the cause of misalignment is the cartographic variation of objects forming features in the datasets. Either this could be due to actual changes on ground, collection, or storage approaches used leading to overlapping or openings between features. In this paper, we present an alignment method that uses adjustment algorithms to update the geometry of features within a dataset or complementary adjacent datasets so that they can align to achieve perfect integration. The method identifies every unique spatial instance in datasets and their spatial points that define all their geometry;the differences are compared and used to compute the alignment parameters. This provides a uniform geo-spatial features’ alignment taking into consideration changes in the different datasets being integrated without affecting the topology and attributes.

基于Oracle Spatial的GIS数据组织及查询

G IS的一个难点是实现空间数据和属性数据的一体化存储和管理,研究用Oracle Spatial技术来解决这个问题。在确定了采用对象—关系模型来存储G IS数据后,比较了空间数据的两种导入方式,在此基础上,选用EasyLoader工具将G IS数据导入到Oracle数据库中,再用四元树索引为其建立索引。最后,选择Java作为开发工具,采用JDBC方式与Oracle数据库相连并实现了对G IS数据的查询。

OO4O对Oracle 9i Spatial的空间数据访问及管理

简述了Oracle9iSpatial中空间数据的对象关系模型,元数据表和数据表共同管理空间数据的存储方式。讨论了在VisualC++环境下,采用OO4O(OracleObjectforOLE,Oracle对象链接和嵌入)访问、查询和编辑Oracle9iSpatial的空间数据的方法,并对关键技术进行了分析。

FRAMEWORKS FOR GENERALIZATION CONSTRAINTS AND OPERATIONS BASED ON OBJECT-ORIENTED DATA STRUCTURE IN DATABASE GENERALIZATION

The constraints and the operations play an important role in database generalization.They guide and govern database generalization.The constraints are translation of the required conditions that should take into account not only the objects and relationships among objects but also spatial data schema (classification and aggregation hierarchy) associated with the final existing database.The operations perform the actions of generalization in support of data reduction in the database.The constraints in database generalization are still lack of research.There is still the lack of frameworks to express the constraints and the operations on the basis of object_oriented data structure in database generalization.This paper focuses on the frameworks for generalization operations and constraints on the basis of object_oriented data structure in database generalization.The constraints as the attributes of the object and the operations as the methods of the object can be encapsulated in classes.They have the inheritance and polymorphism property.So the framework of the constraints and the operations which are based on object_oriented data structure can be easily understood and implemented.The constraint and the operations based on object_oriented database are proposed based on object_oriented database.The frameworks for generalization operations,constraints and relations among objects based on object_oriented data structure in database generalization are designed.The categorical database generalization is concentrated on in this paper.

基于Oracle Spatial空间数据库的GIS数据管理

分析了Oracle Spatial对空间数据存储管理的方法,重点分析了Oracle Spatial采用的空间数据的存储结构、空间数据模型、空间坐标系、空间索引机制以及Oracle Spatial的元数据结构,最后总结了在Oracle Spatial中利用对象———关系模型和元数据表来存储管理空间数据的机制。

基于ObjectARX的空间钢结构CAD软件

运用面向对象的分析方法对空间钢结构CAD软件系统进行分析,在传统的面向对象有限元方法基础上,提出了采用多继承和多层抽象方法实现空间钢结构CAD软件的方法.采用此方法在ObjectARX上建立了一个涵盖框架、空间网格结构、塔架、门式刚架等钢结构体系的CAD软件系统的核心框架.实践证明这是一个采用ObjectARX开发空间钢结构CAD软件的比较完善、高效的途径.

Oracle Spatial在GIS中的应用

本文介绍了Oracle数据库系统中对空间数据存储的解决方案,并针对对象关系模式下空间数据的存储和管理,结合自己的实际工作体会提出了一些具体的解决方法。

基于Oracle Spatial的空间数据存储及应用

目前,地理数据存储普遍采用空间数据和属性数据分开存储的模式,属性数据一般存储在关系型数据库系统中,空间数据则以文件方式存储。OracleSpatial推出后,空间数据和属性数据可实现一体化存储。介绍了如何使用OracleSpatial建立空间数据库,并给出了具体的实例。

用SuperMap Object开发基于GIS的连锁店配送信息系统

支撑整个连锁店运营过程的是基于GIS的连锁店配送信息系统。在明确了业务流程的基础上,研究了基于GIS的连锁店配送信息系统的功能、GIS平台、空间数据模型、道路数据模型和最优路径分析,探讨了以SuperMapObjects作为GIS平台,采用MicrosoftVisualBasic作为开发工具实现基于GIS的连锁店配送信息系统的方案。

基于SuperMap Objects线状地物面积快速扣除算法实现

线状地物调查是土地资源调查中的一项重要内容。在分类统计汇总土地面积时,计算、扣除线状地物面积时显得尤为重要。本文在分析线状地物与地类图斑空间关系的基础上,设计了线状地物面积快速扣除算法。利用SuperMap Objects作为开发平台,VC++6.0为开发工具实现了该算法。经验证,该算法能够快速实现线状地物面积扣除,可达到相关建库工作的精度要求。

扩展MapObjects数据源的研究I:将Shapefiles保存到ADO.NET数据集

通过对MapObjects数据源和ADO.NET技术的研究,探讨了将Shapefiles文件导入到ADO.NET数据集中的方法。由于MapObjects不支持.NET的序列化技术,所以采用编程方式实现了几何对象与二进制数据流之间的双向转换,进而将Shapefiles中的空间数据保存到DataTable,并实现与属性数据的同步管理。这样,GIS数据组织变得简单高效,而且突破了ESRI空间数据只能单独存放的限制。