Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of ethnicminority villages in China using geospatial technology and statistical models

This study aims to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of 1,652 Ethnic-Minority Villages(EMV)in China and to analyze the mechanisms driving their spatial heterogeneity.EMV are a special type of settlement space that preserve a large number of historical traces of the ethnic culture of ancient China.They are important carriers of China’s excellent traditional culture and are key to the implementation of rural revitalization strategies.In this study,1652 EMV in China were selected as the research subjects.The Nearest Neighbor Index,kernel density,and spatial autocorrelation index were employed to reveal the spatial structural characteristics of minority villages.Neural network models,spatial lag models,and geographical detectors were used to analyze the formation mechanism of spatial heterogeneity in EMV.The results indicate that:(1)EMV exhibit significant spatial differentiation characterized by“single-core with multiple surrounding sub-centers,”“polarization between east and west,”“decreasing quantity from southwest to east coast to northeast to northwest,”and“large dispersion with small agglomeration.”(2)EMV are mainly distributed in areas rich in intangible cultural heritage,with high vegetation coverage and low altitude,far from central cities,and having limited arable land and an underdeveloped economy and transportation,particularly in shaded or riverbank areas.(3)Distance from the nearest river(X3),distance from central cities(X8),national intangible cultural heritage(X9),and NDVI(X10)were the main driving factors affecting the spatial distribution of EMV,whereas elevation(X1)and GDP(X5)had the weakest influence.As EMV are a relatively unique territorial spatial unit,the identification of their spatial heterogeneity characteristics not only deepens the research content of settlement geography,but also involves the assessment,protection,and development of Minority Villages,which is of great significance for the inheritance and utilization of excellent ethnic cultures in the era.

Characteristic Analysis of the Village and Town Structure——A Case of Jinhu County in Jiangsu Province,China

This thesis gives overview of the connotation of rural spatial structure,indicating 4 kinds of elements,namely nodus,passage,region and flow.Their spatial arrangement and interaction lead to the corresponding rural spatial structure.This thesis also offers panorama of the related theoretical progress of intra-county and rural areas,indicating that the research theories of regional spatial structure at present,mainly focus on macroscopic region or urban space,but there is shortage of researches on county spatial structure,especially microscopic rural spatial structure.On such basis,4 kinds of theoretical models and characteristics of regional spatial structure have been introduced.We build analysis index system of rural structural elements on the basis of 4 elements,and conduct rural spatial structural analysis,taking Jinhu County as an example.The result shows that rural spatial structure in Jinhu County is still at stage of nucleus-cluster development and rural system is not so sound.In addition,the passage network system of infrastructure has not taken shape,and county economy presents diseconomy of scale.The spatial interaction and association among towns in Jinhu County are weak.The characteristic analysis model of spatial structure in this research can objectively reflect regional characteristic of spatial structure.

Spatial location differentiation and development decision optimization of characteristic villages and towns in China

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization,the gap between urban and rural development has gradually increased.Rural development problems have been a significant topic of discussion,and are related to people’s livelihoods.This article built a point-axis-region location driving system to analyze the spatial location differentiation of characteristic villages and towns(CVTS)using the kernel density model,and explored the mechanism of location driving factors with a geographical detector model.The results show that vegetables and fruits are the main types of products in CVTS.They account for 27.60%and 34.68%of all types of products,and occur mainly in the east and central regions of China.Moreover,all point-axis-region driving factors have a significant influence on grain crops.The mean values of driving forces of vegetables and fruits are larger than other types of CVTS,and their values are 0.12 and 0.11.The average driving forces on all CVTS in the northeast are higher than those in other regions,especially the driving forces of vegetables and medicinal crops(0.24 and 0.18,respectively).Finally,we proposed that the Chinese government should employ engineering technology,invest on road networks,e-commerce and blockchain technology to optimize the point-axis-region location advantages,to promote the sustainable development of CVTS.The detection of driving mechanisms on spatial location differentiation of CVTS has important research value for location theory and rural region systems research.

Study on Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Clanism

"China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. German sociologist Max Weber defi nes Chinese society as "family structure society"[1]. And sociologist Fei Zhengqing believes that the villages in China are organized by families. In sociological studies, the traditional villages are divided into three types: single-clan villages with only one dominating family, main-clan villages which are mainly composed of several families, and multi-clan villages where some coequal families live together[2]. The authors believe that traditional villages are organized social communities with kinship as a link. They are products of the family system. There is a close connection between a village's family composition and its space construction. Single-clan village is an introverted spatial organization mode entirely based on kinship, ancestral hall is located in the center and the whole spatial structure grows toward it. Main-clan village is a decentralized family aggregate based on the ties of blood as well as region. And the organization of its village space depends on temples and pavilions where families enshrine and worship ancestors and gods. It owns obvious features of collage and collaboration. M ulticlan village is a collaborative and extroverted complex spatial system led by relationship of colleagues, where large public buildings are taken as the core to organize commercial activities. Its form is similar to the form of small towns. Taking sociological term "family" as the starting point and cases of national historic cultural villages including Hong Village, Zhuge Village, Zoumatang Village, Suzhuang Village and Guoyu Village into further study, this article analyses the correlation between kinship composition and spatial form of villages, tries to reveal the essential structure of traditional space of villages and to provide a new perspective on spatial study as well as basis for preservation of traditional villages.

Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages in Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province

The village is the product of the objectification of human spirit, bearing the human production, life and other behaviors. Traditional villages in coastal area are the important carrier of sea salt culture, reflect a unique human landscape, form the unique structure characteristics and become China’s rural society’s important component. But in recent years, due to the urban renewal and the accelerating of the socialism new rural construction and the deterioration of the natural environment, traditional villages in Jiangsu coastal areas relying on the natural and cultural environment are experiencing an unprecedented test. In this paper, according to the investigation of the coastal areas of existing traditional village, after the comparative analysis, some basic spatial structure characteristics were summarized. It is expected to provide a reference for the planning, construction and management of villages.

甘肃积石山地震村镇典型建筑震害及成因分析

2023年12月18日甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山发生6.2级地震,此次地震造成了大量的村镇建筑破坏和倒塌,并造成了多人伤亡,是典型的“小震大灾”。文中总结了积石山地震中震区村镇建筑典型震害特点和规律,并结合建筑的结构类型、建造年代和是否具有抗震构造措施进行了典型案例分析,总结此次地震震损较为严重的原因:部分自建房屋为砖柱和土坯墙,二者缺乏有效连接,自身抗震能力差,这点从同一院落具有圈梁构造柱的房屋基本完好而不具备抗震构造措施的房子破坏严重可以说明;部分房屋不同层存在开间变化导致竖向传力不连续;结构存在大量平面布置不规则的情况;结构局部不完整或存在薄弱部位;农村自建房屋,按照工匠习惯建设,未考虑地震作用下的受力要求,需要建立质量监管体制机制。

宗族结构影响下晋东南传统聚落空间形态及发展演变--以西社村为例

平顺县西社村作为晋东南地区典型的宗族血缘型村落,其形态受宗族结构影响,格局独特。文章从宗族结构的视角出发,借助族谱、碑刻等文字史料信息,结合田野调查与类型比较等方法,对宗族社会结构的变迁过程与聚落空间形态发展演变过程进行历时性分析,归纳宗族发展对空间形态演变的影响,结合宗族结构影响下聚落的两个空间特征,探究其空间形态及发展演变规律。

宗族结构影响下少数民族传统村落空间形态演变研究——以高桥寨自然村为例

文章以西南少数民族地区的高桥寨自然村为例,采用田野调查法和历时性比较法,将村庄的演变历史依据重要的历史时间节点分为五个时期:分衍、兴盛、异化、瓦解和重构。分别从时代背景、宗族结构和空间形态三个方向进行分析,以探究村庄演变的逻辑规律和影响因素,以及宗族结构与空间形态之间的相互影响关系,挖掘该类型自然村目前的发展困境,提出现代化村庄内生秩序架构和区域联动发展的策略。

我国地质文化村(镇)空间分布特征及影响因素研究

地质文化村(镇)是地质文化科普的重要窗口,也是所在区域经济社会发展的重要依托,对其空间分布特征及影响因素的研究对我国地质文化村(镇)的进一步评定和可持续发展具有重要意义。运用最邻近指数、不平衡指数、核密度分析和地理探测器方法,对我国50个地质文化村(镇)的空间分布特征及其影响因素进行研究,研究表明:(1)地质文化村(镇)的空间分布类型为随机分布型;(2)各省(市、区)地质文化村(镇)数量差异明显,空间分布不均衡,呈“东多西少”格局;(3)地质文化村(镇)形成1个高密度核心区、2个次高密度集聚区、1条核心延长带;(4)影响我国地质文化村(镇)空间分布格局的因素由特色地质资源、自然条件以及社会经济与人文资源3个一级指标构成,其中社会经济与人文资源对地质文化村(镇)空间分布影响最大且效果显著。在今后地质文化村(镇)的评定建设中,应加强中西部地区地质文化村(镇)的建设和申报;适当给予中西部地区地质文化村(镇)评定倾斜;加大地质文化村(镇)宣传力度;充分发掘地质特色及民俗文化,加强地质文化村(镇)与文化的融合。

基于GIS的景村协同特征与机制研究——以河南省为例

本研究以河南省为研究案例区,运用空间数量关系和空间质量关系模型定量分析A级景区与特色村镇空间关系,并基于交通通达度、运用核密度分析、缓冲区分析等方法,对河南省A级景区与特色村镇协同发展特征与机制进行探讨.主要结论如下:在数量关系上,河南省特色村镇与A级景区之间的数量空间关系整体较为显著;在质量空间关系上,特色村镇与A级景区质量空间协调度处于基本协调水平,二者质量空间耦合关系处于良好耦合协调发展水平;在协同发展关系上,交通通达度、旅游经济、河流等对特色村镇与A级景区协同发展具有重要的正向影响.

From Tree Structure to Interactive Network:A Preliminary Study on Transit-Oriented Spatial Development Patterns of Village-Town Communities

Based on the relatively developed highway and road network in China's eastern coastal provinces, the public transit-oriented development model(TOD) for village-town communities aims to create a network connecting the urban and rural public transportation system and the public service system, by selectively constructing "urban-type" communities with bus stops, thus promoting the mobility of urban and rural factors and to optimize the public service system, so as to change the traditional top-down development mode with tree structure. Through the planning practice in Linyi County, Dezhou City, it is found that a TOD-based spatial development mode in village-town communities can provide references for new countryside planning and construction in China in terms of upgrading the urban-rural functional structure, satisfying local demands, optimizing local government decisions, improving the planning mode, etc.

基于兴趣点的上海五个新城设施空间结构研究

本文基于高德地图兴趣点(POI)数据,将其分为生活、生产、公共3类设施,采用核密度估计法、Ripley’s K函数等空间分析方法,并设计了一个反映设施类型结构在空间中演化的三角轨迹模型,以上海主城区为参考,基于不同类型设施的数量、分布和聚集程度,分析了上海五个新城的设施空间结构特征和分布规律,探讨了五个新城进一步建设的方向。研究发现:与上海主城区相比,五个新城的设施空间分布特征差异明显,发展历史较长的新城已经出现明显的单中心空间结构,而发展历史较短的新城表现为微弱的多中心结构;从设施高密度圈层到低密度圈层,主城区的设施类型结构变化较小,表现出内部“城市功能趋同”的特征,而五个新城则均表现出生活设施的占比逐步降低而公共设施和生产设施的占比升高的趋势,新城之间呈现“扩张结构趋同”的特征;新城的高密度圈层中,生活设施占比均高于主城区水平,表现出一定的“卧城”特征;低密度圈层中,尽管生产设施占比均高于高密度圈层,但不同类型设施聚集中心高度重合表明生产设施的聚集中心同样在新城的中心区,其外围城市功能薄弱,并没有出现完善的“专业功能中心”。因此,新城的进一步建设需强调设施的均衡协调发展,完善城市功能,避免出现“卧城”“空城”等现象。

草原丝路沿线历史村镇空间特征及演进规律

文章聚焦草原丝绸之路,以张库商道内蒙古段沿线1133个历史村镇为研究对象,探究历史村镇时空分布集聚性与自然环境、古道的耦合关系;总结出军防影响型、寺庙影响型、商贸影响型3类历史村镇的形态、功能特征,并通过区域系统理论分析历史村镇演进的内在驱动因素与外在影响因素,进而得出其演进规律。文章在理论上构建了草原丝路沿线历史村镇的研究框架,为后续沿线历史村镇遗产保护提供基础,为一带一路战略下沿线历史村镇人居环境可持续发展提供理论依据。

基于空间句法分析的传统村落空间结构及旅游规划研究——以龙门村为例

传统村落的空间结构是人文活动和自然环境双重作用的产物,也是聚落景观遗产的内在组织形式,能够展现区域内的历史和文化。然而,在传统村落的旅游开发过程中,如何保护和合理利用其空间结构是一个难题。文章以龙门村为研究对象,基于空间句法的整合度和标准穿行度两个形态变量,定量分析探讨了村落的空间结构特征,并结合聚落景观遗产,探索了传统村落空间结构利用开发的可能性。同时,从空间区域划分、功能节点打造、空间肌理优化以及旅游线路构建四个方面提出了旅游规划建议,旨在为传统村落景观遗产的保护和旅游开发利用提供参考。

村庄空间形态结构与地震及次生地质灾害影响因子的关联性研究——以鲁甸县龙头山镇为例

为促进村庄更好选址布局与建设,该文运用GIS技术、分形几何学、空间句法等方法,研究了鲁甸县龙头山镇村庄空间形态结构与地震及次生地质灾害影响因子的关联性。结果表明:①村庄所处岩层越硬越厚、地势越平坦、距公路越近、距最近居民点越远的区域,村庄建设受限越小村庄形态越复杂。②村庄所处距震中越近、岩层越软越薄、地势越陡峭崎岖、受邻村居民影响越大的区域,村庄紧凑度越高。③村庄建筑长轴方向平行于地震断裂带的数量相对较多,人们利用建筑刚度较大的长轴方向来应对地震产生的较大能量,从而减轻建筑受损程度。④村庄距最近一次地震震中越近、岩层越软越薄、地势越陡峭崎岖、距公路越近,其地质灾害隐患点越多,村庄道路越曲折越复杂。

基于场所精神视角的传统建筑空间结构研究——以汾城古镇为例

场所精神注重建筑及其环境的空间结构和精神氛围,文章通过对建筑场所的物化感受,把握建筑空间的精神本质。汾城古镇传统建筑在空间结构方面展现出地域性营建特征,文章通过对古镇建筑空间物质构成的挖掘,试图从现象学的角度思考古镇建筑与场所精神的内在联系。其关联性即通过精确的空间结构建立场所方向感,因此在传统古镇中,建筑与环境具有地点的、历史的、气候的、整体的关联;也有与当地居民的行为、知觉、记忆相关的联系。这种在时间向度中,环境、建筑、人的整体性契合关系正是以汾城古镇这类传统城镇带给当代场所营造的最大启示。

乡融合背景下村镇建设用地“扩张-消失”多情景模拟——以洛阳市为例

研究目的:从当前村镇建设用地“既拆又建”现象出发,聚焦城乡融合背景下村镇建设格局演变规律,以洛阳市为例,开展2020-2030年村镇建设用地“扩张—消失”多情景模拟研究,为大城市村镇建设用地差别化管理提供决策依据。研究方法:PLUS模型、形态学空间格局分析、多情景设定。研究结果:(1)区位条件因素在村镇建设用地“扩张—消失”中起基础性作用,距离耕地、高速公路的远近对扩张与消失变化的影响较大,贡献度均超过16%。(2)2020-2030年洛阳市村镇建设用地扩张与消失规模以及格局差异明显。在规模上“扩张”与“消失”面积比例约为2∶1;在格局上“扩张”斑块类型以边缘、支线及孤岛为主,“消失”斑块类型则以核心区和边缘占优。(3)4种情景下研究区村镇建设用地均表现为大规模零碎式扩张与小规模集中式收缩。其中,耕地保护情景中孤岛占比最少(9.93%),空间上连通性和整体性最优,未来应进一步充分考虑耕地保护情景。研究结论:亟需秉持村镇建设用地以优化存量换取增量的理念,均衡协调扩张和消失的规模、形态及其综合效益,针对主要驱动因素实施差别化管理,实施“一村一策”缓解村镇建设用地低效利用困境。

国土空间规划体系下特色村镇空间基因保护传承研究——以桂林市旧县村为例

空间基因理论是解决特色村镇在空间发展与文化传承问题上的重要框架体系,但目前研究聚焦于空间基因的识别提取与传承应用方法,如何将空间基因融入到现有空间规划体系的研究有所缺乏。本文梳理出国土空间规划体系下的保护传承体系,并在现有研究基础上,提出空间基因的识别提取是前提、空间基因传承可行性分析是关键、空间基因保护传承规划体系构建是核心的研究思路。最后以广西壮族自治区桂林市阳朔县白沙镇旧县村为研究案例,按照上述要点对旧县村空间基因识别提取,并结合旧县村相关规划,对其空间基因保护传承规划进行研究。

基于数字化方法的滇西镇村聚落体系空间特征及类型研究——以大理云龙县为例

镇村聚落体系是指一定地域范围内由集镇和乡村共同组成的有机联系整体,具有协同效应和自组织性,其总体空间格局和细部形态特征受到地理、交通、经济、社会等多方面因素的影响。云南省大理白族自治州云龙县地处滇西少数民族山区,独特的地理及人文环境造就了多样的镇村聚落空间,对其镇村聚落体系空间特征进行研究能够丰富对山区镇村聚落体系空间的理论认知,为山区镇村体系规划提供实践基础。本文基于2020《云龙年鉴》及影像数据,运用数字化方法,从多维度、多尺度对其镇村聚落体系空间格局及形态特征进行了研究,通过耦合多元特征以乡镇为单元进行了类型划分,并分类探讨了空间优化对策。

村庄建设用地功能结构优化及空间布局研究

针对村庄建设用地不够合理的现象,提出了对其功能结构以及空间布局的优化策略,解决土地使用效率过低的问题。从宅基地退出与重建、集体经营性建设用地以及公共服务设施建设3个方面进行分析,结合村庄的类型,因地制宜选取合适的建设方案。这些优化策略不仅可以最大限度地提升土地利用率,还能为村庄吸引社会资源的投入,增加经济收益。