Spatio-Temporal Change of Dispersal Areas of Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in Lake Bogoria Landscape, Kenya

Decline in wildlife populations is manifest globally, regionally and locally. A wildlife decline of 68% has been reported in Kenya’s rangelands with Baringo County experiencing more than 85% wildlife loss in the last four decades. Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) is endemic to Lake Bogoria landscape in Baringo County and constitutes a major tourist attraction for the region necessitating use of its photo on the County’s logo and thus a flagship species. Tourism plays a central role in Baringo County’s economy and is a major source of potential growth and employment creation. The study was carried out to assess spatio-temporal change of dispersal areas of Greater Kudu (GK) in Lake Bogoria landscape in the last four years for enhanced adaptive management and improved livelihoods. GK population distribution primary data collected in December 2022 and secondary data acquired from Lake Bogoria National Game Reserve (LBNGR) for 2019 and 2020 were digitized using in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Measures of dispersion and point pattern analysis (PPA) were used to analyze dispersal of GK population using GIS. Spatio-temporal change of GK dispersal in LBNR was evident thus the null hypothesis was rejected. It is recommended that anthropogenic activities contributing to GK’s habitat degradation be curbed by providing alternative livelihood sources and promoting community adoption of sustainable technologies for improved livelihoods.

Spatio-temporal patterns of drought in North Xinjiang, China, 1961–2012 based on meteorological drought index

Drought, which is one of the most frequently occurring severe hazards with long time scales and cov- ering wide geographical areas, is a natural phenomenon resulting in significant economic losses in agriculture and industry. Drought is caused by an imbalance between the inputs of and the demand for water which is insufficient to meet the demands of human activities and the eco-environment. As a major arid and semi-arid area and an important agricultural region in Northwest China, North Xinjiang （NX） shows great vulnerability to drought. In this paper, the characteristics of inter-annual and seasonal drought were analyzed in terms of drought occurrence and drought coverage, by using the composite index of meteorological drought and the data of daily precipitation, air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and sunshine duration from 38 meteorological stations during the period 1961-2012. Trend analysis, wavelet analysis and empirical orthogonal function were also applied to investigate change trend, period and regional characteristics, respectively. In NX, annual and seasonal drought occurrence and drought coverage all showed a decreasing trend that was most significant in winter （with rates of-0.26 month/10a and -15.46%, respectively）, and drought occurrence in spring and summer were more frequent than that in autumn and winter. Spatially, drought was severe in eastern regions but mild in western regions of NX. Annual and seasonal drought occurrence at 38 meteorological stations displayed decreasing trends and were most significant in ＂Shi- hezi-Urumqi-Changji＂, which can help to alleviate severe drought hazards for local agricultural production and improve human livelihood. NX can be approximately classified into three sub-regions （severe drought region, moder- ate drought region and mild drought region）, which were calculated from annual drought frequencies. The cross wavelet transform suggested that SOl （Southern Oscillation Index）, AOI （Arctic Oscillation Index）, AAOI （Antarctic Oscillation Index）, PAOI （Pacific/North American Oscillation Index） and NAOI （North Atlantic Oscillation Index） have significant correlation with the variation of drought occurrence in NX. To prevent and mitigate the occurrence of drought disasters in NX, agricultural and government managers should pay more attention to those drought events that occur in spring and summer.

Spatio-temporal point pattern analysis on Wenchuan strong earthquake

For exploring the aftershock occurrence process of the 2008 Wenchuan strong earthquake, the spatio-temporal point pattern analysis method is employed to study the sequences of aflershocks with magnitude M≥4.0, M≥4.5, and M≥5.0. It is found that these data exhibit the spatio-temporal clustering on a certain distance scale and on a certain time scale. In particular, the space-time interaction obviously strengthens when the distance is less than 60 km and the time is less than 260 h for the first two aftershock sequences; however, it becomes strong when the distance scale is less than 80 km and the time scale is less than 150 h for the last aftershock sequence. The completely spatial randomness analysis on the data regardless of time component shows that the spatial clustering of the aftershocks gradually strengthens on the condition that the distance is less than 60 km. The results are valuable for exploring the occurrence rules of the Wenchuan strong earthquake and for predicting the aftershocks.

Methods to evaluate the impacts of physio- geographical pattern on spatio-temporal disparity of regional development

With the rapid economic development during the last 30 years in China, more and more disparities have emerged among different regions. It has been one of the hot topics in the fields of physical geography and economic geography, and also has been the task for Chinese government to handle. Nevertheless, to quantitatively assess the impacts of physio-geographical patterns （PGP） on the regional development disparity has been ignored for a long time. In this paper, a quantitative method was adopted to assess the marginal effects of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity using the partial determination coefficients. The paper described the construction of the evaluation model step by step following its key scientific thinking. Total GDP, per capita GDP, primary industrial output value and secondary industrial output value were employed in this study as the indicators to reflect the impacts of PGP on the regional development disparity. Based on the evaluation methods built by researchers, this study firstly analyzed the temporal impacts of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development in China during the past 50 years, and then explained the spatial differences at each development stage. The results show that the spatio-temporal disparity in China is highly related to the PGP, and that the marginal contribution rate could be employed as an effective way to quantitatively assess the impact of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development.

Multi-scale regionalization based mining of spatio-temporal teleconnection patterns between anomalous sea and land climate events

Climate sequences can be applied to defining sensitive climate zones, and then the mining of spatio-temporal teleconnection patterns is useful for learning from the past and preparing for the future. However, scale-dependency in this kind of pattern is still not well handled by existing work. Therefore, in this study, the multi-scale regionalization is embedded into the spatio-temporal teleconnection pattern mining between anomalous sea and land climatic events. A modified scale-space clustering algorithm is first developed to group climate sequences into multi-scale climate zones. Then, scale variance analysis method is employed to identify climate zones at characteristic scales, indicating the main characteristics of geographical phenomena. Finally, by using the climate zones identified at characteristic scales, a time association rule mining algorithm based on sliding time windows is employed to discover spatio-temporal teleconnection patterns. Experiments on sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, land precipitation and land temperature datasets show that many patterns obtained by the multi-scale approach are coincident with prior knowledge, indicating that this method is effective and reasonable. In addition, some unknown teleconnection patterns discovered from the multi-scale approach can be further used to guide the prediction of land climate.

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Wildlife Road Mortality in Golestan National Park-North East of Iran

Nowadays, wildlife road mortality is acknowledged as a main source of threatening long-term survival of wildlife. This paper as the first to analysis wild life vehicle collisions in Iran, aims to reconstruct and interpret the spatio-temporal patterns of WVCs on Asiaei highway in Golestan National Park (GNP). With the collaboration of environmental protection department of GNP, we identified about 1900 WVC Records involving 34 different species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians between 2004 and 2013. Mammals were involved in more than 50% of overall WVCs, among which wild boar (Sus scrofa), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), stone marten (Martes foina) and porcupine (Hystrix indica) were involved in more than 90% of mammals’ mortalities;So, we focused on analyzing spatio-temporal pattern of vehicle collisions of these six mammal species. During the study period, these species have undergone 95% increase in road mortalities, averagely. Detailed temporal analyses exhibited an increasing trend of road mortalities from spring to summer and then a reducing one to late winter. It was shown that a large number of collisions occurred in holiday periods when recreational trips considerably increased the traffic volume of Asiaei highway. Preliminary inspection of spatial patterns using Kernel density analysis revealed six collision hotspots, mostly located in the road bends with densely forested land cover on both sides;the promenades along the road seemed to play a significant role too. Scale dependency analyses of collision patterns, demonstrated clustering pattern at micro scales less than 10 km, randomness at meso scales 10 - 20 km and both regularity and clustering at macro scales more than 20 km. This paper suggests that road mortality of common species in GNP is a momentous issue, which needs to be considered by relevant governmental and public organizations. We also emphasize that the analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of WVCs are fundamentals to plan for mitigate wildlife road mortality.

Spatio-temporal Variability of Disastrous Convective Weather in China from 1961 to 2016

Based on the data of hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in 2 481 stations in China from 1961 to 2016,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,periodicity and climate abruption characteristics of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China were analyzed by various mathematical statistics methods. The results showed that in time,the days of four kinds of disastrous convective weather in China decreased,and the hail and thunderstorm days were characterized by " increasing firstly and then decreasing" from 1961 to 2016. The hail,gale,thunderstorm and lightning days in China had oscillation cycles of 3-5,2-3,1-2 and 1-4 a respectively,and the hail and thunderstorm days changed suddenly in 2002 and 1992 respectively. In space,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and western Sichuan were the highvalue distribution areas of hail,gale and thunderstorm days. The high-value distribution areas of thunderstorm days were also distributed to the south of the Yangtze River. South China and its southwestern regions at the same latitude were the high-value distribution areas of lightning days. In terms of trend,the hail days in China showed a decreasing trend mainly in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The gale days in China decreased in the east,was unchanged in the central region,and increased and decreased alternately in the west. The thunderstorm days in China increased in Tibet,North China,Chongqing,Zhejiang and northwestern Heilongjiang. The lightning days in China decreased obviously to the south of the Yangtze River. In terms of the fluctuation,the hail days fluctuated greatly in the southeast. The gale days fluctuated greatly to the east of Hu Huanyong line. The thunderstorms days in China fluctuated greatly in the northwest and slightly in the southeast. In addition to the small fluctuation in northern Xinjiang and South China,the lightning days fluctuated greatly in other regions of China.

“stppSim”: A Novel Analytical Tool for Creating Synthetic Spatio-Temporal Point Data

In crime science, understanding the dynamics and interactions between crime events is crucial for comprehending the underlying factors that drive their occurrences. Nonetheless, gaining access to detailed spatiotemporal crime records from law enforcement faces significant challenges due to confidentiality concerns. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces an innovative analytical tool named “stppSim,” designed to synthesize fine-grained spatiotemporal point records while safeguarding the privacy of individual locations. By utilizing the open-source R platform, this tool ensures easy accessibility for researchers, facilitating download, re-use, and potential advancements in various research domains beyond crime science.

资源枯竭型城市生态质量时空格局与驱动力研究--以阜新市中心城区为例

为评价资源枯竭型城市转型期的生态质量时空演变特征,本文以阜新市中心城区为研究区域,基于Landsat遥感影像构建遥感生态指数(RSEI),以OSM数据和POI数据为基础识别城市功能区,借助参数最优地理探测器模型探究城市生态质量与城市功能区之间的复杂性关系。结果表明:①2004—2022年阜新市中心城区生态质量整体呈略微下降趋势、波动相对稳定,形成四周好、中间差的盆地状格局;②Hurst指数均值为0.67,强持续性最近邻指数值为146.53,生态质量未来变化趋势呈现均匀持续性,大部分区域变化趋势与过去相同,但局部地区有反持续性趋势;③识别出“31+1”类城市功能区,功能区生态质量由高到低依次为绿地、公共服务、工业、交通、居住、商业、矿区,且不同因子交互作用均会增强对生态质量的解释力。研究结果可为资源枯竭型城市转型期针对不同功能区的生态保护和恢复工作提供科学参考。

中国水-能源-粮食-生态系统协调发展时空格局及驱动因素研究

我国水资源、能源和粮食消费总量均居世界首位,且呈持续增长态势,生态系统压力较大,如何实现水-能源-粮食-生态系统之间的协调发展是未来社会发展的重要议题。通过构建水-能源-粮食-生态系统综合评价体系,利用耦合协调度模型、空间自相关、重心和标准差椭圆与地理探测器等方法,探究2006—2021年30个省份耦合协调度时空特征、演变格局与驱动因素。结果显示:第一,各省份水-能源-粮食-生态系统综合发展水平呈平稳上升趋势,但区域发展不均衡,中部地区发展水平最高;第二,水-能源-粮食-生态系统耦合协调度逐年提升,但仍处于较低水平,耦合协调度向高值集聚,省际差距缩小;第三,水-能源-粮食-生态系统耦合协调度存在空间正相关效应,高值和低值集聚极化效应显著,耦合协调度重心在河南,且逐渐向西南方向转移,东部重心向南迁移,分散态势增强,中部重心向西北迁移,集聚态势凸显,西部重心向西北方向迁移,集聚明显,极化效应突出;第四,城市化水平、产业结构和固定资产投资对系统耦合协调度发展的解释作用增强,影响因子交互作用大于因子独立作用。

Spatio-temporal pattern changes of land space in Hengduan Mountains during 1990–2015

Hengduan Mountains offer land space for a variety of ecological services. However, the sustainable development and management of land space has been challenged by increased human activities in recent years. This paper performs the spatial pattern analysis of the quantitative and structural changes of various landscapes at different altitudes, and uses the land use data in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 to reveal how various land patterns have changed. The results show that, within the production-living-ecological space schema, the ecological space dominates Hengduan Mountains, while the production and living space was mainly distributed in south region. During 1990-2015, the production-living-ecological spatial changes had been gradually accelerated and the regional differences had become more prominent. The agricultural production space had continuously decreased by 1132.31 km^2, and the industrial and mining production space had rapidly increased by 281.4 km^2 during 1990-2015. The living space had steadily increased, and the ecological space had increased with fluctuations. The land space pattern in Hengduan Mountains was greatly restricted by the terrain, such as altitude and slope. The implementations of China Western Development Strategy and the Returning Farmland to Forest Program had favorably promoted the changes of land spatial pattern in Hengduan Mountains.

1950-2009年中国大陆地区冰雹灾害的时空格局分析

通过构建中国大陆地区1950-2009年县域单元的冰雹灾害案例数据库,并采用GIS技术,对近60a冰雹灾害发生时间、区域范围、县域频次等进行统计分析,揭示了雹灾的时空格局变化规律。结果表明:(1)中国大陆地区雹灾空间分布呈现一带多区的特点,从东北至西南形成一个雹灾带,有黄土高原、环渤海、东北平原、云贵高原、江淮平原、新疆阿克苏、青海东部和华中地区共8个多雹灾区;(2)雹灾季节变化明显,长江中下游和华南地区雹灾主要集中在2-4月,其它地区集中在5-9月,随着年初至年末月份的变化,多雹灾区呈由南向北推进,然后再南撤的变化过程;(3)1987年以前,年冰雹灾害发生的县次数总体呈上升趋势,1987年之后呈下降趋势,20世纪70年代-90年代中期为雹灾高发期。

2000-2013年秦岭林区植被净初级生产力时空分布特征及其驱动因素

秦岭林地是我国南北气候分水岭同时也是陕西省重要林区,研究秦岭地区植被NPP变化有助于了解该区域植被生长状况及固碳能力。使用MODIS17A3数据及各环境因子数据,通过应用GIS及数学统计等方法,分析了秦岭林区植被NPP的时空变化格局及其与环境因子间关系。结果表明,秦岭林地植被NPP均值呈现西高东低的特征,2000-2013年植被NPP均值在400~600gC·m-2·a-1之间;研究区内NPP年际变化上升趋势;在具有地理意义的区间上,200~1 500m的高程区间及2°~25°坡度区间内植被NPP均值及总量较高,1 500m以上及25°以上区间植被NPP均值与总量均呈下降趋势;阔叶林及灌丛占植被类型的60.36%,所占NPP总量达162.38TgC·a-1,粘土及粘壤土所占NPP总量达151.39TgC·a-1,所有植被类型及土壤类型NPP年际变化均呈上升趋势;NPP与年均气温相关性较与年降雨量高,但65.55%的区域未通过显著性检验。

1963-2009年金塔绿洲变化对绿洲景观格局的影响

内陆河流域绿洲与荒漠景观之间的相互作用与影响机制是干旱区景观地理学的重要内容之一。绿洲时空变化及其对区域景观格局影响的研究,对流域绿洲管理和环境保护具有重要的指导意义和科学价值。以中国西北干旱区内陆河流域水土资源开发的典型代表区域——金塔绿洲为例,基于5期不同的卫星遥感数据,利用数理统计模型及景观指数等方法开展绿洲变化过程、趋势、空间分布格局和景观结构特征变化研究。结果表明:(1)1963—2009年间金塔绿洲主要以扩张为主,绿洲面积增加了167.37 km2,绿洲与荒漠间相互转化剧烈,呈现出非平衡-平衡-极端不平衡的趋势状态。绿洲变化主要体现在西坝乡、羊井子湾乡的绿洲外延扩张和在三合乡-中东-大庄子乡、金塔镇-中东镇、古城乡等地的绿洲内部填充合并。(2)近46 a来金塔绿洲景观的分形特征、离散程度和破碎化程度趋于减小,各景观斑块则趋于简单和均匀化。(3)绿洲变化在一定程度上影响着绿洲景观格局,导致景观结构趋于均匀化和密集化,绿洲斑块镶嵌体表现出散布-扩张-破碎-融合扩展的变化过程。

基于日值和小时降水数据诊断中国暴雨时空变化差异的研究(1991-2010)

日值和小时观测降水数据在反映中国暴雨时空格局方面的差异还未有明确结论,因此,亟需通过不同时间分辨率的降水观测数据来深入研究中国暴雨的时空变化特征。该文采用观测的长时间序列(1991-2010年)的小时降水数据和日值降水数据对中国暴雨雨量和暴雨雨日的年际和年代际时空变化特征进行研究。结果表明,在时间变化上,1991-2010年期间小时降水数据和日值降水数据计算的暴雨雨量和暴雨雨日在逐年变化上没有本质上的差异,暴雨雨量和暴雨雨日的年累计值在波动中呈现出明显的增加趋势,但日值降水数据所反映的暴雨雨量和暴雨雨日的波动要大于小时降水数据。在空间格局上,小时降水数据和日值降水数据所反映的中国暴雨雨量和暴雨雨日的空间分布格局没有较大差别,但小时降雨数据反映的更详细,空间分布格局的破碎程度更高。在年代际小时暴雨和日值暴雨两者之间的对比方面,小时降水数据和日值降水数据有较大差异,小时降水数据反映的暴雨雨量和暴雨雨日在长江流域偏少,而在其它地区有不同程度的偏高。在小时暴雨和日值暴雨的各自年代际变化方面,小时降水数据和日值降水数据反映的年代际暴雨空间变化表现出相同的变化趋势,但小时降水数据反映的空间分布特点更加破碎。因此,小时降水数据和日值降水数据在反映中国年代际暴雨时空高低分布方面具有一致性,但量级在不同地区具有不同程度的差异,且在揭示中国年代际暴雨变动方面具有一致性,应根据研究目的选择适当数据。

基于CA-Markov模型的石羊河流域生态承载力时空格局预测

生态承载力是区域可持续发展的重要物质基础。为了探讨我国干旱区内陆河流域未来生态承载力的时空格局变化,以石羊河流域为研究区,基于该流域1992、2002年和2012年3期Landsat TM遥感影像,选取10个影响生态承载力变化的主要驱动因素,利用元胞自动机-马尔科夫模型(CA-Markov),以土地利用预测为切入点,对该流域2022年的生态承载力时空格局进行了模拟预测。首先基于1992—2002年数据预测了2012年石羊河流域土地利用状况,并与当年实际土地利用状况进行对比和验证,结果显示:Kappa系数为0.7956,说明本文所选用的预测方法预测结果可靠,可以用于该流域土地利用预测;其次,以2012年为起始年,模拟预测了2022年土地利用空间数据,并计算生态承载力时空格局,结果显示:2022年石羊河流域单位面积生态承载力与1992年、2002年和2012年相比整体空间分布格局变化不大,但区域内部变化却呈明显的空间分异特征;1992—2022年流域生态承载力总量以2002年为拐点呈先减少后增加的趋势,其中建设用地的生态承载力增加最为显著;预测可知,较2012年,2022年流域上游山区的林地、中游绿洲的建筑用地生态承载力均增加较快,且呈现较明显的斑块聚集,而中、下游绿洲区耕地、草地生态承载力增、减变化复杂,斑块分布较为离散和破碎;2012—2022年土地利用类型将发生频繁转换,导致流域生态承载力结构组成变化较大,其中未利用地的转出对2022年流域生态承载力的增加贡献突出。研究结果表明自2002年以后,该流域实施的退耕还林还草、关井压田等生态工程已经并将继续对该流域生态效益的提高起到积极的作用。

1961-2013年黄淮海平原降蒸差的时空变化特征

基于黄淮海平原41个气象站点1961-2013年逐日气象数据,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算潜在蒸散量,采用降水量与潜在蒸散量差值即降蒸差表征区域水分盈亏状况,结合Arc GIS地统计分析、趋势分析及Morlet小波分析,探讨黄淮海平原各季降蒸差的时空变化特征。结果表明：黄淮海平原降蒸差呈南北差异分布,在-650~100mm区间变化,南部高于北部。夏季降蒸差最高,秋、冬季次之,春季水分亏缺最严重,多年平均亏缺量为210.61mm,远高于其它季节。站点季节降蒸差的年际变化总体呈上升趋势。各农业亚区蒸散量差异不大,降蒸差差异主要由降水导致,鲁西平原鲁中丘陵水浇地旱地二熟区（Ⅵ区）降蒸差最高,为-21.63mm,海河低平原缺水水浇地二熟兼旱地一熟区（Ⅲ区）最低,为-560.42mm。6个亚区春季水分亏缺量分别占区域年总亏缺量的56.4%、51.7%、40.6%、59.7%、59.3%和66.1%。周期分析表明,黄淮海平原Ⅰ-Ⅳ各农业亚区春季降蒸差变化主周期皆为28a,黄淮平原南阳盆地水浇地旱地二熟区和江淮平原丘陵麦稻两熟区（Ⅴ和Ⅵ区）为10a,未来一段时间春季降蒸差将处于偏低期。黄淮海平原水分亏缺量季节性差异较大,干旱发生风险较高,尤以春旱发生频率较高。

2005-2011年宝鸡地区种植业生产过程中碳排放时空格局

从化肥、农膜、农药和农业机械的使用4个方面对宝鸡各县（区）2005-2011年种植业生产过程中碳排放量以及碳排放强度进行了估算，修正了碳排放强度计算方法。结果表明，宝鸡地区种植业生产过程中碳排放量总体是增加的，7年间增加了32.08%，年均增长4.58%。2006年碳排放量最少，为173436.71 t；2011年碳排放量最多，为233109.78 t。碳排放强度在0.367~0.555 t/hm^2之间，7年间增长了50.33%，年均增长7.19%。化肥碳排放占到总排放量的84%以上。从各县（区）来看，陇县碳排放量最高，每年都在60000 t以上；陈仓、凤翔、岐山、扶风和眉县的碳排放量在20000~50000 t之间，渭滨、金台、千阳、麟游、凤县和太白碳排放量在15000 t以下。太白县碳排放量最小，每年都在4600 t以下。碳排放强度以陇县最高，每年都在1.0 t/hm^2以上；太白县碳排放强度最小，每年都在0.36 t/hm^2以下。

2000-2019年京津冀地区水源涵养功能时空格局变化及其驱动因素

[目的]研究京津冀地区水源涵养功能时空格局变化及其驱动因素,为区域协同发展过程中的生态保护和建设工作提供科学支撑。[方法]基于研究区基础地理数据和相关参数,利用InVEST模型及水源涵养公式,在ArcGIS平台上采用一元线性回归模型、变异系数和土地利用转移矩阵等空间分析法,分析2000-2019年京津冀地区水源涵养功能时空格局变化特征及主要驱动因素。[结果]①京津冀地区多年平均产水量为1.87×10^(10) m^(3),产水量空间格局为东高西低。②京津冀地区水源涵养量空间格局呈东北-西南燕山、太行山较高,西北-东南坝上高原、河北平原较低。③水源涵养量年际变化较大,多年平均水源涵养量为7.85×10^(9) m^(3),2002年最低,2012年最高。像元尺度上,2000-2019年水源涵养功能增强区面积大于减弱区,增强区占研究区67.49%,减弱区占研究区32.51%。20 a间水源涵养功能呈“中低波动为主,少数区域波动强烈”的特征,低波动、相对低波动区占93.96%,中等波动、相对高波动和高波动区占6.04%。④京津冀地区水源涵养功能变化主要驱动因素为降水、潜在蒸散发和土地利用变化,典型区水源涵养深度与降水量呈显著正相关,与潜在蒸散发量呈显著负相关。在土地利用变化方面,退耕还林还草等生态工程使林地、草地面积提高,水源涵养能力相对增强;而工矿等建设用地扩展侵占林草、耕地面积,水源涵养能力相对降低。[结论]京津冀地区水源涵养功能时空格局变化明显,水源涵养功能主要驱动因素是气象因子与土地利用变化。

准噶尔盆地绿洲-沙漠过渡带植被时空演变特征

通过对准噶尔盆地绿洲-沙漠过渡带的植被种群和覆盖度的调查,以及1989年和2000年两期TM影像景观格局的解译,运用时间动态度和Ripley’s K函数的方法分析了准噶尔盆地绿洲-沙漠过渡带植被的时空变化特征。结果表明,1989～2000年,研究区内人为垦地幅度较大,农田面积增加,而天然植被区域被垦地利用或破坏,造成植被面积减少,总的覆盖度降低,同时沙化面积加大。