Spatio-temporal variation and propagation direction of coal fire in Jharia Coalfield,India by satellite-based multi-temporal night-time land surface temperature imaging

In this paper,the spatio-temporal variation and propagation direction of coal fire were studied in the Jharia Coalfield(JCF),India during 2006–2015 through satellite-based night-time land surface temperature(LST)imaging.The LST was retrieved from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)night-time thermal-infrared data by a robust split-window algorithm based on scene-specific regression coefficients,band-specific hybrid emissivity,and night-time atmospheric transmittance.The LST-profile-based coal fire detection algorithm was formulated through statistical analysis of the LST values along multiple transects across diverse coal fire locations in the JCF in order to compute date-specific threshold temperatures for separating thermally-anomalous and background pixels.This algorithm efficiently separates surface fire,subsurface fire,and thermally-anomalous transitional pixels.During the observation period,it was noticed that the coal fire area increased significantly,which resulted from new coal fire at many places owing to extensive opencast-mining operations.It was observed that the fire propagation occurred primarily along the dip direction of the coal seams.At places,lateral-propagation of limited spatial extent was also observed along the strike direction possibly due to spatial continuity of the coal seams along strike.Moreover,the opencast-mining activities carried out during 2009–2015 and the structurally weak planes facilitated the fire propagation.

Hierarchical Detailed Description for Spatial Direction Relations

方向关系是一种重要空间关系。因为空间目标的变化尺寸和嵌入的空格的不同规模，为方向关系的描述和代表有详细的不同层次。基于 adirection- 关系矩阵，划分有序的方向关系的空间方向关系并且彻底地的层次框架被造。内部方向关系被用来完善方向关系的表示，二进制编码的想法有创作力地被使用构造由一个一致矩阵描述多重内部方向关系的一个内部详细矩阵。模型为方向关系把拓扑的信息集成到描述模型，它将打空间综合推理的基础。

Definitions of Natural-Language Spatial Relations: Combining Topology and Directions

Because SQL for querying data from spatial databa se s is ineffective, the query based on natural or visual language becomes an attra ctive research field gradually. However, how to define and represent natural lan guages related to spatial data are still gigantic problems. Because existing mod els of direction relations can’t describe by use of some common concepts. First of all, detailed direction relations are proposed to describe the directions re lated to the interior of spatial objects, such as "east part of a region","ea st boundary of a region", and so on. Secondly, by integrating the detailed dire ctions with exterior direction relations and topological relations, several NLSR s are defined, such as "a road goes across the east part of a lake", "a river goes along the east boundary of a province", etc. Finally, based on the NLSRs abovementioned, a natural spatial query language (NSQL) is formed to retrieve da ta from spatial databases.

An Improved Direction Relation Detection Model for Spatial Objects

Direction is a common spatial concept that is used in our daily life. It is frequently used as a selection condition in spatial queries. As a result, it is important for spatial databases to provide a mechanism for modeling and processing direction queries and reasoning. Depending on the direction relation matrix, an inverted direction relation matrix and the concept of direction pre- dominance are proposed to improve the detection of direction relation between objects. Direction predicates of spatial systems are also extended. These techniques can improve the veracity of direction queries and reasoning. Experiments show excellent efficiency and performance in view of direction queries.

A Testing Time for U.S.-China Relations

While the unipolar world is still orbiting in the sphere of influence of Anglo-American elite and some of their allies,the rest of the world is marching in a different direction.THE year 2022 proved to be a turbulent one for U.S.-China relations.

Investigating Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Relative Risk of Tuberculosis in Kenya Using Bayesian Hierarchical Approaches

Proper understanding of global distribution of infectious diseases is an important part of disease management and policy making. However, data are subject to complexities caused by heterogeneities across host classes and space-time epidemic processes. This paper seeks to suggest or propose Bayesian spatio-temporal model for modeling and mapping tuberculosis relative risks in space and time as well identify risks factors associated with the tuberculosis and counties in Kenya with high tuberculosis relative risks. In this paper, we used spatio-temporal Bayesian hierarchical models to study the pattern of tuberculosis relative risks in Kenya. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method via WinBUGS and R packages were used for simulations and estimation of the parameter estimates. The best fitting model is selected using the Deviance Information Criterion proposed by Spiegelhalter and colleagues. Among the spatio-temporal models used, the Knorr-Held model with space-time interaction type III and IV fit the data well but type IV appears better than type III. Variation in tuberculosis risk is observed among Kenya counties and clustering among counties with high tuberculosis relative risks. The prevalence of HIV is identified as the determinant of TB. We found clustering and heterogeneity of TB risk among high rate counties and the overall tuberculosis risk is slightly decreasing from 2002-2009. We proposed that the Knorr-Held model with interaction type IV should be used to model and map Kenyan tuberculosis relative risks. Interaction of TB relative risk in space and time increases among rural counties that share boundaries with urban counties with high tuberculosis risk. This is due to the ability of models to borrow strength from neighboring counties, such that nearby counties have similar risk. Although the approaches are less than ideal, we hope that our study provide a useful stepping stone in the development of spatial and spatio-temporal methodology for the statistical analysis of risk from tuberculosis in Kenya.

An Approach for Automatically Generating R2RML-Based Direct Mapping from Relational Databases

For integrating relational databases (RDBs) into semantic web applications, the W3C RDB2RDF Working Group recommended two approaches, Direct Mapping (DM) and R2RML. The DM provides a set of mapping rules according to RDB schema, while the R2RML allows users to manually define mappings according to existing target ontology. The major problem to use R2RML is the effort for creating R2RML mapping documents manually. This may lead to appearance of many mistakes in the R2RML documents and requires domain experts. In this paper, we propose and implement an approach to generate an R2RML mapping documents automatically from RDB schema. The R2RML mapping reflects the behavior of the DM specification and allows any R2RML parser to generate a set of RDF triples from relational data.The input of generating approach is DBsInfo class that automatically generated from relational schema. An experimental prototype is developed and shows the effectiveness of our approach algorithms.

How Do the Participant Relations Affect Adjacency Pairs?

This paper will briefly discuss the issue of how different participant relations affect adjacency pairs in conversation analysis.In terms of the affects or influence on adjacency pairs,this article only places its focus on the ways how the first pair part (FPP) and second pair part (SPP) in conversation are relevant to each other.As for the final result,the data back up such conclusions:in conversation between acquaintance /friends,family members,and as such,the relevance are built up either directly or indirectly.However,in conversation between strangers,this relevance seems to be constructed only directly.

ON NEVANLINNA DIRECTIONS OF ALGEBROID FUNCTIONS

In this paper, a notation delta(x)(w) is derived from the counting function N-x(r, w) of branch points of algebriod functions. With this notation, the authors give the definition of the Nevanlinna direction for algebriod functions and discuss its existence in certain condition. By this notation the authors also obtain the numbers of exceptional value of the Julia direction and Borel direction of algebriod functions are not more than 2 + [delta(x) (w)] here [x] implies an maximum integer number which does not exceed x.

Characteristics of horizontal ground motion measures along principal directions

Ground motion records are often used to develop ground motion prediction equations （GMPEs） for a randomly oriented horizontal component, and to assess the principal directions of ground motions based on the Arias intensity tensor or the orientation of the major response axis. The former is needed for seismic hazard assessment, whereas the latter can be important for assessing structural responses under multi-directional excitations. However, a comprehensive investigation of the pseudo-spectral acceleration （PSA） and of GMPEs conditioned on different axes is currently lacking. This study investigates the principal directions of strong ground motions and their relation to the orientation of the major response axis, statistics of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane, and correlation of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane. For these, three sets of strong ground motion records, including intraplate California earthquakes, inslab Mexican earthquakes, and interface Mexican earthquakes, are used. The results indicate that one of the principal directions could be considered as quasi-vertical. By focusing on seismic excitations on the horizontal plane, the statistics of the angles between the major response axis and the major principal axis are obtained; GMPEs along the principal axes are provided and compared with those obtained for a randomly oriented horizontal component; and statistical analysis of residuals associated with GMPEs along the principal directions is carried out.

Hepatitis C virus eradication with directly acting antivirals improves health-related quality of life and psychological symptoms

BACKGROUND Alterations in health-related quality of life(HRQoL)and neuropsychological disorders were described in the hepatitis C virus(HCV)patients.Although several studies investigated the modifications of HRQoL after HCV eradication,no data exists on the modifications of neuropsychological symptoms.AIM To investigate the effect of directly acting antivirals(DAAs)treatment on HRQoL and neuropsychological symptoms.METHODS Thirty nine patients with HCV infection underwent a neuropsychological assessment,including Zung-Self Depression-Rating-Scale,Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y1-Y2 and the Toronto-Alexithymia Scale-20 items before and after DAAs treatment.HRQoL was detected by Short-Form-36(SF-36).RESULTS All HRQoL domains,but role limitation physical and bodily pain,significantly improved after treatment.Interestingly,after DAAs treatment,all domains of HRQoL returned similar to those of controls.Each neuropsychological test significantly improved after HCV eradication.A significant correlation was observed among each psychological test and the summary components of SF-36.At multiple linear regression analysis including each psychological test as possible covariates,Zung-Self Depression Rating Scale(Zung-SDS)score was independently and significantly related to summary components of the SF-36 in the basal state and the difference between Zung-SDS score before and after treatment was the only variable significantly and independently related to the modification of HRQoL induced by the treatment.CONCLUSION Neuropsychological symptoms strongly influenced HRQoL in HCV patients and there was a significant improvement of neuropsychological tests and HRQoL after DAAs treatment.

Rotation invariant constitutive relation for Reynolds stress structure parameter

A new Reynolds stress constitutive formula is constructed using the first- order statistics of turbulent fluctuations instead of the mean strain rate. It includes zero empirical coefficients. The formula is validated with the direct numerical simulation （DNS） data of turbulent channel flow at Reτ=180. The Reynolds stresses given by the proposed formula agree very well with the DNS results. The good agreement persists even after the multi-angle rotation of the coordinate system, indicating the rotation in- variance of the formula. The autocorrelation of the fluctuating velocity rather than the mean strain rate is close to the essence of the Reynolds stress.

P300与慢性意识障碍患者经颅直流电刺激响应的相关性研究

目的:利用两组加工深度递增式变化的事件相关电位(ERP)Oddball范式探讨经颅直流电刺激(t DCS)响应慢性意识障碍患者的电生理学特征。方法:研究纳入17例无反应觉醒综合征(UWS)和30例微意识状态(MCS)患者,对其进行两组加工深度递增式变化范式的ERP检查,后在连续10个工作日内接受20次左侧前额叶背外侧(DLPFC)区域t DCS治疗,根据改良昏迷恢复量表(CRS-R)评估结果分为响应者和非响应者,分析干预响应者一般情况特征及电生理学特征。结果:在UWS患者中,性别、年龄、病程、接受手术情况、CRS-R评分、P300出现情况均与t DCS响应性无关(P>0.05);而在MCS患者中,CRS-R评分(P=0.015)和反名-正名(DO)范式中P300出现情况(P=0.005)与tDCS响应性相关,而性别、年龄、病程、接受手术情况、纯音—正名(TO)范式中P300出现情况与响应性无关(P>0.05)。结论:更高的CRS-R评分和分层听觉ERP范式中P300的存在,特别是DO范式中的P300成分与MCS患者的tDCS响应性有关,推测是由于DO范式中P300成分代表患者残存的语义加工处理能力,因此具有优先恢复的能力。

基于Transformer和关系图卷积网络的信息传播预测模型

针对在信息传播动态演化中,结构特征和时序特征以及两者间的交互表达难以有效捕获的问题,提出一种基于Transformer和关系图卷积网络的信息传播预测模型(TRGCN)。首先,构建由社交关系图和传播级联图组合而成的异构图,使用关系图卷积网络(RGCN)提取图中各节点的结构特征;其次,使用双向长短期记忆(Bi-LSTM)网络对各节点的时间嵌入重新编码,引入时间衰减项以不同的权重赋予不同时间位置的节点,获得节点的时序特征;最后,将结构特征和时序特征输入Transformer进行融合,得到时空特征以预测信息传播。在Twitter、Douban和Memetracker这3个真实数据集上的实验结果表明,相较于对比实验中的最优模型,TRGCN的Hits@100指标分别提升3.18%,5.96%和3.34%,Map@100指标分别提升11.60%,19.72%和8.47%,验证了所提模型的有效性和合理性。

国际直接投资与高新技术企业自主创新关系的实证分析

为充分发挥国际直接投资对高新技术企业自主创新的促进作用,本文以2010~2022年的电子及通信设备制造业面板数据为基础,就国际直接投资与高新技术企业自主创新的关系进行实证研究。通过选取自变量、因变量、控制变量、门限变量,进行描述性统计、回归分析、稳健性检验和内生性检验,分析因变量和自变量之间的关系。结果表明:电子及通信设备制造业自主创新存在明显差异,其中,技术投入资金反向抑制其自主创新,而国际直接投资、研发人力资本、研发人员报酬、企业规模、国家研发补贴、市场经营状况、对外开放水平正向促进其自主创新;电子及通信设备制造业与技术投入资金之间存在一对协整关系,与国际直接投资、研发人力资本、企业规模、研发人员报酬、国家研发补贴、市场经营状况、对外开放水平均存在两对协整关系,且均在1%显著性水平下显著相关;国际直接投资可正向促进电子及通信设备制造业自主创新,并随着研发人力资本门限值的增大,促进作用表现为先下降后上升的特点;将研发人力资本的门限值设定为小于11.364,可更好发挥国际直接投资对电子及通信设备制造业的自主创新促进作用。基于实证结果得出,要进一步发挥国际直接投资对高新技术企业自主创新的促进作用,需要从改善投资环境、引进研发人员、加大投入资金、营造自主创新氛围、加强行业对外开放、开展良性行业竞争等对策入手。

基于SCAR标记和DNA条形码技术的苍术基原鉴别研究

目的开发出能同时鉴别北苍术和关苍术的分子标记方法,并探究不同种质资源苍术的遗传进化关系。方法对不同地区北苍术Atractylodes chinensis(Bunge)Koidz及关苍术A.japonica Koidz.ex Kitam基因组DNA的差异片段进行测序,结合SRAP、ISSR、DAMD分子标记方法,优化PCR反应体系,筛选并转换成特异性标记,同时,采用条形码方法分析种间序列差异。结果通过SRAP、ISSR、DAMD三种分子标记方法的PCR扩增,共筛选出198对能稳定扩增且重现性好的引物,转换出7对能稳定、快速鉴别北苍术和关苍术的SCAR引物。条形码方法检测出北苍术ITS2序列长度为454 bp,关苍术ITS2序列长度为453 bp,与其他苍术属植物之间遗传距离较远。NJ树结果显示,北苍术、关苍术及其他苍术属植物均各自聚为一支,表现出良好的单系性。依据ITS2二级结构,4种苍术属植物在螺旋区的茎环数目、大小、位置均有明显差异,可以直观地进行区分。结论所开发的特异性SCAR标记为苍术属植物优良品种的筛选提供了新方法,DNA条形码能稳定、准确鉴别北苍术。

血液透析中心静脉导管相关右心房血栓诊治进展

导管相关右心房血栓(CRAT)是中心静脉置管血液透析患者的少见并发症,包括附壁血栓和导管尖端血栓,其发生与导管尖端位于右心房内密切相关,导管尖端反复接触心房内壁、右心房血流动力学改变和全身高凝状态均可促进血栓形成。大多数CRAT无临床症状,部分患者因导管功能不良、心血管症状等不适就诊,若同时继发栓塞或感染等并发症则会引起严重临床不良后果甚至死亡。CRAT诊断主要依赖于经胸壁心脏超声、经食管心脏超声、电子计算机断层扫描血管造影、磁共振成像等影像学检查。治疗包括经导管靶向治疗、手术取栓、抗凝、全身溶栓和拔除导管等,应根据血栓大小、位置、患者全身情况和医疗机构技术条件实施个体化的治疗策略。本文就血液透析患者CRAT流行病学、分类、发生机制、临床表现及诊断、治疗的相关进展作一综述。

外贸、外资与经济再全球化

面对复杂多变的世界经济再全球化,我国外贸外资和知识产权国际贸易面临新的困难、机遇与挑战。通过材料分析和实地调研十个城市的外贸外资和知识产权国际贸易情况,了解到各地方一些好的经验和做法,如通关便利化水平、推进两岸融合发展、开展制度型开放试点等方面取得新的成绩。同时,也存在一些困难和问题,如国际贸易纷争增多、国内企业内卷所致外贸产品质量下降、部分行业协会作用发挥不够、跨境数据流动国际规则差异等十个问题。综合调查研究,该文提出十点政策建议,包括:积极参与经济再全球化过程,推动完善全球经济治理;加快建设全国统一大市场,形成强大的国内市场力量;强化优势产品及供应链保障,占领全球市场制高点;构建相关评估体系,推动服务贸易创新发展;加强知识产权保护,提升知识产权国际贸易水平;探索跨境数据流动便利,促进数字贸易发展;制定外资认定流程标准,完善市场准入清单;积极减轻企业负担,提升企业综合竞争力;改善政府监管模式,发挥行业协会功能;加强涉外法治建设,维护海外中国权益。

Probabilistic composition of cone-based cardinal direction relations

Composition tables play a significant role in qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR). At present,a couple of composition tables focusing on various spatial relations have been developed in a qualitative approach. However,the spatial reasoning proc-esses are usually not purely qualitative in everyday life,where probability is one important issue that should be considered. In this paper,the probabilistic compo-sitions of cone-based cardinal direction relations (CDR) are discussed and esti-mated by making some assumptions. Consequently,the form of composition result turns to be {(R1,P1),(R2,P2),…,(Rn,Pn)},where Pi is the probability associated with relation Ri. Employing the area integral method,the probabilities in each composi-tion case can be computed with the assumption that the target object is uniformly distributed in the corresponding cone regions.

Indeterminate direction relation model based on fuzzy description framework

The indetermination of direction relation is a hot topic for fuzzy GIS researchers. The existing models only study the effects of indetermination of spatial objects,but ignore the uncertainty of direction reference framework. In this paper,first a for-malized representation model of indeterminate spatial objects is designed based on quadruple (x,y,A,μ),then a fuzzy direction reference framework is constructed by revising the cone method,in which the partitions of direction tiles are smooth and continuous,and two neighboring sections are overlapped in the transitional zones with fuzzy method. Grounded on these,a fuzzy description model for indeterminate direction relation is proposed in which the uncertainty of all three parts (source object,reference object and reference frame) is taken into account simultaneously. In the end,case studies are implemented to test the rationality and validity of the model.