Dynamic response characteristics of super high-rise buildings subjected to long-period ground motions

Spectrum characteristics of different types of seismic waves and dynamic response characteristics of super high-rise building structures under long-period ground motions were comparatively analyzed. First, the ground response wave （named LS-R wave） of a soft soil site with deep deposit, taking long-period bedrock seismic record as input, was calculated by wave propagation method. After that, a TOMAKOMAI station long-period seismic record from the Tokachi-Oki earthquake and conventional E1-Centro wave were also chosen. Spectrum characteristics of these waves were analyzed and compared. Then, a series of shaking table tests were performed on a 1：50 scale super high-rise structural model under these seismic waves. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the prototype structure under these excitations was conducted, and structure damages under different intensive ground motions were discussed. The results show that： 1） Spectrum characteristics of ground response wave are significantly influenced by soft soil site with deep deposit, and the predominant period has an increasing trend. 2） The maximum acceleration amplification factor of the structure under the TOM wave is two times that under the E1-Centro wave; while the maximum displacement response of the structure under the TOM wave is 4.4 times that under the E1-Centro wave. Long-period ground motions show greater influences on displacement responses than acceleration responses for super high-rise building structures. 3） Most inelastic damage occurs at the upper 1/3 part of the super high-rise building when subjected to long-period ground motions.

Long-period ground motion characteristic of the 1999 Jiji (Chi-Chi),Taiwan,main-shock and aftershocks

This paper investigates long-period ground motion characteristic of the 1999 Jiji （Chi-Chi）, Taiwan, mainshock and aftershocks on the basis of lots of high quality digital strong motion records. The study attaches the importance to the variation of strength of the long-period ground motion with the magnitude, distance, and site condition. In the meantime, the near-fault long-period ground motion characteristic is analyzed. The result shows that the shape of the long-period response spectrum is mainly controlled by site condition and magnitude （the spectrum of class D＋E is wider than that of class B＋C, and the spectrum of larger magnitude is wider than that of smaller magni- tude）, and the effect of fault distance on the shape is not evident. And near-fault long-period ground motion characteristic depends on fault activity apparently, that is to say, the long-term ground motion in the hanger is stronger than that in the footwall, and the long-term ground motion in the north is stronger than that in the south.

Seismic response reduction analysis of large chassis base-isolated structure under long-period ground motions

Long-period structures(e.g.Isolated structures)tend to produce pseudo-resonance with low frequency compo-nents of long-period ground motions,resulting in the increase in damage.Stiffness mutation occurs due to the set-back in the upper body of the large chassis structure.In the parts with stiffness mutation,the torsion effect caused by the tower is far greater than that of the chassis itself.In this study,a total of 273 ground motions are collected and then filtered into four types,including the near-field ordinary,near-field pulse,far-field ordinary,and far-field harmonic.An 8-degree(0.2 g)fortified large chassis base-isolated structure is established.Furthermore,ETABS program software is used to conduct nonlinear time history analysis on the isolation and seismic model under bi-directional earthquake ground motions.The comparison results show that the seismic isolation effect of the base-isolated structure under long-period ground motions is worse than that associated with ordinary ground motions when the seismic response reduction rate of the large base floor significantly decreases compared with that of the tower.When the inter-story displacement angle and the displacement of isolation layer of the chassis exceeds the limit of Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2010),it is recommended to adopt composite seismic isolation technology or add limit devices.Under the condition of long-period ground motions,the base-isolated structure reduces the lateral-torsional coupling effect of the large chassis structure,while the torsion response of large chassis’top layer increases.Under long-period ground motions with the same acceleration peak,the response of the base-isolated structure increases much more than that of the seismic structure and the consideration of this impact is suggested to be added to the Code.

Rupture directivity effect on strong ground motion during the 12 May 2008 M_(W)7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

We focus here on the rupture directivity effect on the spatial distribution and attenuation characteristics of near-field ground motions during the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake.We examine the difference between the observed ground motions in and opposite the rupture directions and compare them with Next Generation Attenuation-West2(NGA-West2)ground motion prediction models.The isochrone directivity predictor is used to quantify the band-limited nature of the rupture directivity effect on strong ground motion.Our results show that the observed peak ground velocity(PGV)and spectral accelerations of periods of 1.0 s and longer are significantly amplified in the rupture direction,but de-amplified in the opposite direction affected by rupture directivity effect of this event.In contrast,the effect of rupture directivity on the observed peak ground acceleration(PGA)and periods of shorter than 1.0 s are relatively weak.The rupture directivity of this event shows clear period dependent and band limited characteristics with the strongest effect occurring around the period of 7.5 s.

基于正交化HHT法的特殊长周期地震动能量分布研究

强地面运动作为复杂的非平稳信号由多个不同频率信号组成,它的频谱中有多个交叉项。正交化HHT(Hilbert-Huang Transform)法的局部时频特性使它成为非平稳信号局部谱估计的一种好方法。本文针对近断层脉冲型地震动和远场软土层场地类谐和地震动这两类特殊的长周期地震动,分别选取1999年台湾集集地震TCU068台站的NS分量地震动和ILA056台站的EW分量地震动进行了正交化HHT分析,同时选用工程界广泛使用的El-Centro波NS分量进行比较。通过对二条典型的特殊长周期地震动时程以及El-Centro波NS分量时程的局部谱密度、频率局部特性、能量分布和峰值系数的分析与比较,得到了有应用价值的结果。

云南强震动流动观测发展及相关问题讨论

简要介绍了云南强震动流动观测的发展历程和省内6次典型震例的强震动流动观测及特点,并总结和探讨了强震动流动观测时应该注意的相关问题。基于强震动观测应用及研究现状,建议加强并拓展强震动流动观测工作,适时建立强震动流动观测系列的规程、规范,不仅要把流动观测作为弥补固定台网不足以增强捕获近场强震动记录能力的辅助手段,更要把强震动流动观测作为解决地震基础研究与地震工程应用难题的一个重要手段。

高幅值地震动参数及其潜在破坏势

为研究高幅值地震动特性与影响,并针对该类地震动改进设计谱,统计了20次地震中60条满足PGA≥1 g、PGV≥100 cm/s、PGD≥100 cm三个条件之一的地震动记录,并计算相关参数.首先综合之前提出的与地震动特性相关的破坏势评价标准,采用因子分析法对各评价标准进行降维,得到新的综合因子,实现原始变量整合与简化,并对综合因子的物理意义给出解释.同时计算了高幅值地震动记录的特征周期和最大规准谱谱值,比较与现有规范给定值的差异,针对该类特殊地震动发生的可能性,为设计谱的完善提出建议.

装配式轻钢框架-轻钢桁架结构振动台试验研究

为研究装配式轻钢框架-轻钢桁架结构的抗震性能及桁架式"L"形柱的震坏机理,进行了一座两层房屋的足尺模型振动台试验.对模型进行42个工况的地震波输入,运用模态分析理论识别了模型结构的动力特性,分析了加速度响应、位移响应和应变响应的变化规律.研究表明:在地震波加速度峰值从0.07g逐渐增大到0.9g的过程中,结构自振频率逐步下降;加速度放大系数逐渐降低;最大层间位移出现在首层,在8度基本地震动和8度罕遇地震动时的最大层间位移角分别为1/268和1/164,低于多层钢结构的弹性层间位移角限值和弹塑性层间位移角限值;结构能满足"两阶段、三水准"的抗震设防要求.模型中的桁架式"L"形柱在8度基本地震动时处于弹性状态,在8度罕遇地震动时有部分桁架节点处焊缝开裂并进入塑性状态,在9度罕遇地震动时结构塑性变形加大但仍有一定安全储备,在9度极罕遇地震动时刚度严重退化.结构在经历了渐进的塑性变形过程后,仍保持一定的承载能力,具有较好的延性,可在高设防烈度地区应用.

Preliminary report of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

On March 11, 2011, eastern Japan was shaken by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (the Great East Japan Earthquake). Almost 30 000 people have been killed or are missing as a result of that earthquake and the subsequent monster tsunami, as of April 11, 2011. This paper reports several aspects of this devastating earthquake. It has been reported that long-period ground motions, which had been predicted by many researchers, occurred in Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka. The response characteristics of high-rise buildings to the recorded long-period ground motions are discussed from the viewpoint of resonance and critical excitation. It is shown that high-hardness rubber dampers are very effective in the reduction of vibration duration in addition to the reduction in vibration amplitude.