An Algorithm for Short-Circuit Current Interval in Distribution Networks with Inverter Type Distributed Generation Based on Affine Arithmetic

During faults in a distribution network,the output power of a distributed generation(DG)may be uncertain.Moreover,the output currents of distributed power sources are also affected by the output power,resulting in uncertainties in the calculation of the short-circuit current at the time of a fault.Additionally,the impacts of such uncertainties around short-circuit currents will increase with the increase of distributed power sources.Thus,it is very important to develop a method for calculating the short-circuit current while considering the uncertainties in a distribution network.In this study,an affine arithmetic algorithm for calculating short-circuit current intervals in distribution networks with distributed power sources while considering power fluctuations is presented.The proposed algorithm includes two stages.In the first stage,normal operations are considered to establish a conservative interval affine optimization model of injection currents in distributed power sources.Constrained by the fluctuation range of distributed generation power at the moment of fault occurrence,the model can then be used to solve for the fluctuation range of injected current amplitudes in distributed power sources.The second stage is implemented after a malfunction occurs.In this stage,an affine optimization model is first established.This model is developed to characterizes the short-circuit current interval of a transmission line,and is constrained by the fluctuation range of the injected current amplitude of DG during normal operations.Finally,the range of the short-circuit current amplitudes of distribution network lines after a short-circuit fault occurs is predicted.The algorithm proposed in this article obtains an interval range containing accurate results through interval operation.Compared with traditional point value calculation methods,interval calculation methods can provide more reliable analysis and calculation results.The range of short-circuit current amplitude obtained by this algorithm is slightly larger than those obtained using the Monte Carlo algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling algorithm.Therefore,the proposed algorithm has good suitability and does not require iterative calculations,resulting in a significant improvement in computational speed compared to the Monte Carlo algorithm and the Latin hypercube sampling algorithm.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm can provide more reliable analysis and calculation results,improving the safety and stability of power systems.

Power supply arm protection scheme of high-speed railway based on wide-area current differential

When fault occurs on cross-coupling autotransformer(AT)power supply traction network,the up-line and down-line feeder circuit breakers in the traction substation trip at the same time without selectivity,which leads to an extended power failure.Based on equivalent circuit and Kirchhoff’s current law,the feeder current characteristic in the substation,AT station and sectioning post when T-R fault,F-R fault,and T-F fault occur are analyzed and their expressions are obtained.When the traction power supply system is equipped with wide-area protection measurement and control system,the feeder protection device in each station collects the feeder currents in other two stations through the wide-area protection channel and a wide-area current differential protection scheme based on the feeder current characteristic is proposed.When a short-circuit fault occurs in the power supply arm,all the feeder protection devices in each station receive the feeder currents with time stamp in other two stations.After data synchronous processing and logic judgment,the fault line of the power supply arm can be identified and isolated quickly.The simulation result based on MATLAB/Simulink shows that the power supply arm protection scheme based on wide-area current differential has good fault discrimination ability under different fault positions,transition resistances,and fault types.The verification of measured data shows that the novel protection scheme will not be affected by the special working conditions of the electrical multiple unit(EMU),and reliability,selectivity,and rapidity of relay protection are all improved.

Simulation realization of skip cycle mode integrated control circuit in the switching power supply with low standby loss

This paper explores and proposes a design solution of an integrated skip cycle mode （SCM） control circuit with a simple structure. The design is simulated and implemented with XD10H-1.0μm modular DIMOS 650 V process. In order to meet the requirement of a wide temperature range and high yields of products, the schematic extracted from the layout is simulated with five process corners at 27℃ and 90℃. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed integrated circuit is immune to noise and achieves skipping cycle control when switching mode power supply （SMPS） works with low load or without load.

Overview of Circuit Topologies for Inductive Pulsed Power Supplies

The pulsed power supply(PPS)is one important component in the electromagnetic launch system.The inductive PPSs have attracted researchers’attentions with the major advantages of high energy storage density(over the capacitive PPSs)as well as simple structure and easy control(over the rotating mechanical PPSs).As for the inductive PPSs,the circuit topology of the basic module will directly determine the comprehensive performance of the whole system.From the perspectives of working principles,strengths,weaknesses,and comprehensive performance,this paper presents a historical and technical review of the major circuit topologies for the inductive PPSs.

Design of intrinsically safe power supply

Aiming to make a high power direct current supply safely used in coal mine production, this paper made a deep research on characteristics of intrinsically safe power supply, using the mathematical model established according to coal mine intrinsic safety standards. It provides theory support for the application of high power intrinsically safe power supply. The released energy of output short circuit of switch power supply, and the close related factors that influence the biggest output short-circuit spark discharge energy are the theoretical basis of the power supply. It is shown how to make a high power intrinsically safe power supply using the calculated values in the mathematical model, and take values from intrinsically safe requirements parameters scope, then this theoretical calculation value can be developed as the ultimate basis for research of the power supply. It gets the identification method of intrinsically safe from mathematics model of intrinsically safe power supply characteristics study, which solves the problem of theory and application of designing different power intrinsically safe power supply, and designs a kind of high power intrinsically safe power supply through this method. energy, flyback

Equivalent circuit model for the insulated core transformer

The design of the insulated core transformer(ICT)needs to consider the flux leakage effects.An equivalent linear circuit model is proposed based on the principle of duality.It is composed by two types of leakage inductances:conventional leakage between windings and special leakage introduced mainly by the insulation gaps.The values of leakage inductances depend on the dimensions of the core,gaps,or windings and the property of magnetic materials.The circuit allows for quantitatively evaluating influences of ICT internal parameters on its output properties.The winding self- and mutual inductance matrix is mathematically converted to derive the inductance formula.As an example,the leakage parameters of a sixstage two-dimensional(2D) ICT are calculated and analyzed.

A Study on the Conducted Interference of Capacitor Charging Power Supply

In this paper, a mathematical analysis of the EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) for a 20 kHz/10 kV capacitor charging power supply in frequency-domain is presented, and a related circuit model considering the transient switching interference is proposed. Due to the high working frequency and the device-switching transitions, the conducted EMI caused by the charging circuit which includes the harmonics of grid frequency, working frequency and device-switching transition frequencies. Thus under certain working situations or loads parallel power supply, the interference may cause charging failure. To solve this problem, a high frequency transformer modeled with stray capacitances and an approximation of the device-switching transition is applied in the Spice-based simulation model, and a mathematical analysis in frequency-domain is presented.

双制式列车接地系统的车-地联合牵引供电计算

为研究双制式列车在不同供电制式区段下的车体环流和车体—轴端电位分布,针对某型双制式列车构建列车接地系统的链式电路模型,并提出车-地一体化的交、直流区段联合牵引供电计算方法;同时,建立列车接地保护电阻优化模型,并分析2种列车接地系统配置方案.以国内某条双制式线路为算例进行仿真验证,研究结果表明:方案1相较方案2,列车的车体—轴端电位最大值降低36.58%~41.04%,车体环流最大值降低18.49%~22.97%;并且在方案1中,头尾车保护电阻设置为20 mΩ,可使列车的车体—轴端电位最大值为1.15 V,车体电流最大值为50.30 A,达到抑制车体—轴端电位的最优效果.该车-地一体化的交、直流区段联合牵引供电计算方法可适用于单一供电制式或者多供电制式列车接地系统的分析.

上海轨道交通崇明线牵引供电制式方案研究

[目的]为了解决传统采用钢轨回流的直流牵引供电系统存在杂散电流腐蚀、直流供电距离受限等问题。[方法]对国内外主要城市轨道交通AC 25 kV/50 Hz牵引供电制式和直流牵引供电制式的应用情况、技术特点、适用性等指标进行对比分析后,结合上海轨道交通崇明线工程的特殊性,提出采用DC 1500 V架空接触网+负极专用回流轨的牵引供电方式;针对在越江段隧道内是否设置牵引变电所设计了两种供电方案,仿真计算了两种方案下供电系统供电能力达到24对/h时牵引网最低电压、整流机组功率和牵引变电所有效电流等指标,并进行了比较分析。[结果及结论]采用负极专用回流轨的直流牵引供电制式可从根本上杜绝杂散电流的产生及其对周边管线的腐蚀;在长距离越江区段设置牵引变电所方案与牵引直流设备“双套配置”方案相比,前者的供电可靠性和供电能力更具优势。

基于LC谐振的半桥式高压除尘电源研究与设计

随着环保意识的加强,人们对各种工业尾气的排放要求越来越严,给厂矿企业带来了很大压力,针对该情况,研制一种可以产生高电压、小电流的高压除尘电源.设计了电源的LC谐振主电路和控制电路、保护电路,保证电源工作的安全性和可靠性.通过实验验证了电源具有工作频率范围宽,电压调节宽度大等特点,电源实用性强,具有广泛的推广应用价值.

温差电源阵列电路建模与MPPT策略研究

通过测试温差电源模型特性,提出了一种温差电源阵列的电路模型,模型考虑了等效电路内阻受温度的影响和内部实际温差影响,进而建立了温差电源阵列电路模型。分析了温差电源阵列模型的温度、参数不匹配等问题导致的局部最大功率点问题,进而提出了改进的粒子群跟踪策略,提升了电源输出功率。采用Matlab/Simulink建立仿真模型,验证模型和算法的可行性。最后,以某大型冷区系统的温差发电为例,验证了所提模型和策略的有效性。

基于馈线和电流的专用轨回流牵引供电系统接地故障保护

对于专用轨回流牵引供电系统,负极回流轨对地具有良好的绝缘特性,极大地限制了正极接地故障所产生的短路电流。由于负极母线电位下降、接地电阻较大等原因,现有的正极接地保护在实际应用中暴露出选择性差、灵敏度低等问题。本文通过对专用轨回流牵引供电系统短路电流以及负荷电流的潮流分析,提出以供电区间馈线和电流作为正极接地故障判断的特征量,并设计基于该故障特征量的保护方案,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真系统,验证了该保护方案的有效性。

UC3842的开关电源项目式教学方法应用

基于UC3842的开关电源项目式教学方法应用实践,介绍开关电源的基本原理,分析基于UC3842的开关电源电路的教学内容、教学目标、学生的学情特点和重难点。采用将实训教学与项目式教学相结合的方法,将开关电源电路设计的具体应用场景融入到实际课程教学中。以“工作任务”为明线,以“思政融入”为暗线,运用混合式教学、任务驱动法、合作探究法等方法手段,以课前、课中和课后三段教学流程实施教学,取得良好的教学效果。

基于Simulink/MATLAB的实际地铁线路供电系统短路试验仿真分析

直流牵引供电系统在城市轨道交通中扮演着关键角色,其安全可靠的运行对整个城市轨道交通系统的运行至关重要。该文首先介绍地铁牵引供电系统的结构和功能,并建立地铁外部交流电源、整流机组和牵引网络的仿真模型。该仿真模型根据实际地铁牵引供电系统的结构和参数进行构建,旨在研究不同短路情况下的短路特性,包括电源出口短路、近距离短路和远距离短路。通过评估供电系统在短路故障下的稳定性和可靠性,得出若干研究结果。这些结果为地铁供电系统选择合适的一次设备提供理论依据,有助于确保城市轨道交通供电系统的稳定性和可靠性。

投影仪散热风扇可持续供电控制电路设计

投影仪被广泛地应用在教学等各种场所,其正确关机方法是遥控关机,而实际上经常会出现直接断电这种非正确关机情况,导致投影仪灯泡热量无法顺利散发,严重影响投影仪使用寿命。基于此情况,设计了一种投影仪散热风扇可持续供电控制电路,在投影仪电源电路中增加电源通断电检测电路、灯泡温度检测电路、锂电池和可持续供电控制电路,并分析了电路工作原理。通过分析证明:该控制电路适合各种投影仪电源电路,能在不同状态下确保灯泡顺利散热,提高灯泡使用寿命,应用前景非常广阔。

单相不间断电源逆变电路调制度对输出电压谐波的影响

详细分析单相不间断电源核心部分(逆变电路)的特点、类型、评价指标及控制方式,然后采用广泛应用的单相双极性正弦脉冲宽度调制法的全桥逆变电路作为研究对象,导出了逆变电路输出平均电压的表达式,采用仿真和理论相结合的方法讨论了频率调制度和幅值调制度的典型取值对输出电压谐波的影响.讨论结果表明,当载波频率为调制波频率的奇数倍时,取幅值调制度r=0.9左右,而当载波频率为调制波频率的偶数倍时,取幅值调制度r=0.5左右,此时输出逆变电压波形质量更好,谐波含量较小,对于改善逆变电路的设计和参数选择具有一定的参考价值.

新型本质安全电源保护电路设计

为了解决本安电源过流和短路的安全问题,设计了一种用于本质安全电源的新型保护电路。该电路通过电流镜电路按一定的比例复制主路电流,并由副电路采样电流信号,经过放大、移位处理后接入比较器负输入端,比较器正输入端接入短路检测信号。该新型电路的功能是当电源负载发生过流或短路故障时,滞回比较器输出过流或短路控制信号,迅速关断主电流开关,从而实现对负载主电路截断的保护;同时启动微电流开关,检测短路故障是否消除,使得故障消除后能够自动恢复主电流开关电路。此外,电源保护电路的软启动电路可用于解决电源启动过程中的浪涌电流可能会造成过流保护误动作的问题。

航天器多端口电源控制器拓扑推演和优化方法综述

电源控制器需要完成输入、储能和输出端口功率之间的控制,随着更多不同类型能源接口的加入,具有高功率密度、高效率和其他高性能的多端口变换器成为电源控制器的理想解决方案,其拓扑是实现航天器供配电功能的重要基础。文章针对航天器多端口电源控制器拓扑结构电路应用和任务专项需求,对多种拓扑推演方法和拓扑主要性能优化措施进行详细的调研和总结;在此基础上提出拓扑结构设计重点发展方向,例如归一化的拓扑推演流程、完善的电路拓扑性能优化方法和基于总体角度的电源控制器设计思路。上述研究结果可为更远距离空间探测、更大规模航天器供配电系统建造和航天任务中新型能源管理设计提供参考。

贯通同相供电系统建模及运行特性分析

贯通同相供电系统可以取消全线电分相,实现牵引网不间断供电,对贯通同相供电系统进行建模和运行特性分析能够为系统的设计和优化提供理论依据。构建同相牵引变电所模型;建立能够灵活模拟不同拓扑结构和不同运行状态的贯通同相供电系统的链式电路模型;针对模型高效求解和导线载流量校验需求,提出一种改进的导体电流间接求解方法;基于构建的模型对贯通同相供电系统在空载和负载工况下的运行特性进行分析。研究结果表明,三相电压不平衡度的计算值与理论值相等,验证了模型的正确性;与既有导体电流计算方法相比,改进的导体电流间接求解方法的计算精度无差异,计算时间缩短为原来的1/3;潮流计算能够充分反映贯通同相供电系统的穿越功率以及牵引网电压、电流等特性。

铯原子钟电子倍增器可调高压电源设计

电子倍增器用来放大并输出铯原子的跃迁信号。倍增器电源是其重要组成部分,针对电子倍增器在增益变化及衰减情况下的供电需求,提出了一种基于分流调整电路结合倍压整流电路的高压电源设计方案,该方案在低压部分采用分流调整技术实现了电源输出电压控制;采用变压器结合多级倍压整流电路对电压放大输出,实现了电源可调电压范围在-306~-3 150 V和低输出纹波,电源的遥测电路实现了输出电压遥测。星载铯原子钟经过长期在轨测试,测试结果表明,本设计的电源在控制范围内实现了宽范围电压输出和遥测,低于3.23 V的电源纹波,保证了铯原子钟稳定度指标。