This study examines the design provisions of the Chinese GB 50011-2010 code for seismic design of buildings for the special boundary elements of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and proposes an improved design metho...This study examines the design provisions of the Chinese GB 50011-2010 code for seismic design of buildings for the special boundary elements of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and proposes an improved design method. Comparison of the design provisions of the GB 50011-2010 code and those of the American code ACI 318-14 indicates a possible deficiency in the T-shaped wall design provisions in GB 50011-2010. A case study of a typical T-shaped wall designed in accordance with GB 50011-2010 also indicates the insufficient extent of the boundary element at the non-flange end and overly conservative design of the flange end boundary element. Improved designs for special boundary elements ofT-shaped walls are developed using a displacement-based method. The proposed design formulas produce a longer boundary element at the non-flange end and a shorter boundary element at the flange end, relative to those of the GB 50011-2010 provisions. Extensive numerical analysis indicates that T-shaped walls designed using the proposed formulas develop inelastic drift of 0.01 for both cases of the flange in compression and in tension.展开更多
针对目前喷头在低压工况下喷洒均匀性较差、射程变短等问题,依据面积相同原则设计多种形状的异形喷嘴,运用ANASY软件对其内流场进行三维仿真模拟,模拟结果表明:倒U形喷嘴出口断面的速度分布高速区域所占面积最大,整个出口的速度一致性较...针对目前喷头在低压工况下喷洒均匀性较差、射程变短等问题,依据面积相同原则设计多种形状的异形喷嘴,运用ANASY软件对其内流场进行三维仿真模拟,模拟结果表明:倒U形喷嘴出口断面的速度分布高速区域所占面积最大,整个出口的速度一致性较好,有利于提高喷头射程,改善喷灌均匀性.通过测量低压喷头的性能参数,包括射程、水量分布和末端水滴直径,来验证数值模拟的准确性.试验结果表明:倒U形喷嘴的射程约为圆形喷嘴的1.110倍,稍低于数值模拟的计算结果,基本在2%左右;工作压力为300 k Pa时,喷头的末端水滴直径以倒U形喷嘴最小为4.21 mm,说明倒U形喷嘴的雾化性能最好;倒U形喷嘴的水量分布近似呈三角形,其组合均匀性系数均在82%以上,圆形和圆角矩形喷嘴的水量随喷头距离的变大先增大后减小,均低于倒U形喷嘴的组合均匀性系数.数值模拟和试验结果表明,倒U形喷嘴的水力性能优于其他3种喷嘴,在提高喷灌均匀性的基础上,还增大了射程.展开更多
基金International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China under Grant No.2014DFA70950Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program under Grant No.2012THZ02-1National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.91315301
文摘This study examines the design provisions of the Chinese GB 50011-2010 code for seismic design of buildings for the special boundary elements of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and proposes an improved design method. Comparison of the design provisions of the GB 50011-2010 code and those of the American code ACI 318-14 indicates a possible deficiency in the T-shaped wall design provisions in GB 50011-2010. A case study of a typical T-shaped wall designed in accordance with GB 50011-2010 also indicates the insufficient extent of the boundary element at the non-flange end and overly conservative design of the flange end boundary element. Improved designs for special boundary elements ofT-shaped walls are developed using a displacement-based method. The proposed design formulas produce a longer boundary element at the non-flange end and a shorter boundary element at the flange end, relative to those of the GB 50011-2010 provisions. Extensive numerical analysis indicates that T-shaped walls designed using the proposed formulas develop inelastic drift of 0.01 for both cases of the flange in compression and in tension.
文摘针对目前喷头在低压工况下喷洒均匀性较差、射程变短等问题,依据面积相同原则设计多种形状的异形喷嘴,运用ANASY软件对其内流场进行三维仿真模拟,模拟结果表明:倒U形喷嘴出口断面的速度分布高速区域所占面积最大,整个出口的速度一致性较好,有利于提高喷头射程,改善喷灌均匀性.通过测量低压喷头的性能参数,包括射程、水量分布和末端水滴直径,来验证数值模拟的准确性.试验结果表明:倒U形喷嘴的射程约为圆形喷嘴的1.110倍,稍低于数值模拟的计算结果,基本在2%左右;工作压力为300 k Pa时,喷头的末端水滴直径以倒U形喷嘴最小为4.21 mm,说明倒U形喷嘴的雾化性能最好;倒U形喷嘴的水量分布近似呈三角形,其组合均匀性系数均在82%以上,圆形和圆角矩形喷嘴的水量随喷头距离的变大先增大后减小,均低于倒U形喷嘴的组合均匀性系数.数值模拟和试验结果表明,倒U形喷嘴的水力性能优于其他3种喷嘴,在提高喷灌均匀性的基础上,还增大了射程.
