Study on Structure of Arched Longitudinal Beams of Deep-Water Wharf

High-pile and beam-slab quays have been widely used after several years development. They are mature enough to be one of the most important structural types of wharves in China coastal areas. In order to accommodate large tonnage vessels, wharves should be eorrstructed in deep water gradually. However, conventional high-pile and beam-slab structares are hard to meet the requirements of large deep-water wharf. According to arch＇ s stress characteristics, a new type of wharf with catenary arched longitudinal beams is presented in this paper. The new wharf structure can make full use of arch＇s overhead crossing and reinforced concrete compression resistance, improve the interval between transverse bents greatly, and decrease underwater construction quantity. Thus, the construction cost cab be reduced. Take the third phase project of the Yangshan Deep-water Port for example, comparative analysis on catenary arched longitudinal beams and conventional longitudinal beams has been made. The result shows that with the same wharf length and width, the same loads and same longitudinal beam moment, catenary arch structure can improve the interval between bents up to 28 m, decrease the nmnber of piles and underwater construction quantity.

Seismic behavior of concrete filled steel tubular arch structures

Shaking table tests of a 1:10 scale arch model performed to investigate the seismic behavior and resistance of concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) arch structures are described in this paper. The El-Centro record and Shanghai artificial wave were adopted as the input excitation. The entire test process can be divided into three stages depending on the lateral brace configurations, i.e., fully (five) braced, two braces removed, and all braces removed. A total of 46 tests, starting from the elastic state to failure condition, have been conducted. The natural vibration frequencies, responses of acceleration, displacement and strain were measured. From the test results, it is demonstrated that the CFT arch structures are capable of resisting severe ground motions and that CFT arches offer a credible alternative to reinforced concrete arches, especially in regions of high seismic intensity.

Health diagnosis of ultrahigh arch dam performance using heterogeneous spatial panel vector model

Currently,more than ten ultrahigh arch dams have been constructed or are being constructed in China.Safety control is essential to long-term operation of these dams.This study employed the flexibility coefficient and plastic complementary energy norm to assess the structural safety of arch dams.A comprehensive analysis was conducted,focusing on differences among conventional methods in characterizing the structural behavior of the Xiaowan arch dam in China.Subsequently,the spatiotemporal characteristics of the measured performance of the Xiaowan dam were explored,including periodicity,convergence,and time-effect characteristics.These findings revealed the governing mechanism of main factors.Furthermore,a heterogeneous spatial panel vector model was developed,considering both common factors and specific factors affecting the safety and performance of arch dams.This model aims to comprehensively illustrate spatial heterogeneity between the entire structure and local regions,introducing a specific effect quantity to characterize local deformation differences.Ultimately,the proposed model was applied to the Xiaowan arch dam,accurately quantifying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dam performance.Additionally,the spatiotemporal distri-bution characteristics of environmental load effects on different parts of the dam were reasonably interpreted.Validation of the model prediction enhances its credibility,leading to the formulation of health diagnosis criteria for future long-term operation of the Xiaowan dam.The findings not only enhance the predictive ability and timely control of ultrahigh arch dams'performance but also provide a crucial basis for assessing the effectiveness of engineering treatment measures.

THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LONG SPAN ARCH STRUCTURE

This paper presents a method for isolatedly solving the normal mode of vi-bration according to the uncoupling condition of vibrations inside and outside the archplane.The finite element method for curved beam elements is adopted to analyse the dy-namic characteristics of arch structures and the calculating program is made.The resultsobtained from Apple II microcomputer are compared with those from SAP5 program byan example,and are in good agreement.

Wind Vibration Study of Long-span Steel Arch Structure of Beijing Capital International Airport

The wind-induced dynamic response of long-span light-weight steel arch structure of the global transportation center (GTC) of Beijing Capital International Airport was studied. A composite technique with combination of WAWS(Weighted Amplitude Wavelet Superposition) and FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation) was introduced to simulate wind velocity time series of hundreds of spatial points simultaneously. The structural shape factors of wind load was obtained from wind tunnel model test. The wind vibration factor based on structural displacement response was investigated. After comparing the computational results with wind tunnel model test data, it was found out that the two results accord with each other if wind comes from 0° direction angle, but are quite different if wind comes from 180° direction angle in the area blocked off by airport terminals. The possible reasons of this difference were analyzed. Haar wavelet was used to transform and analyze wind velocity time series and structural wind-induced dynamic responses. The relationship between exciting wind loads and structural responses was studied in time and frequency domains.

Improving the design of reinforcing frames by simulating the arch and peltate venation structures

Based on the analyses on arch and peltate venation structures, the design of reinforcing frames was improved. First, distribution rules of the arch structure were summarized. According to the load condition and the structure of the frame, a mechanical model of arch structure was devel- oped, and two solutions for the model were analyzed and compared with each other. Through the a- nalysis, application rules of arch structure for improving the design were obtained. Then, distribu- tion rules of peltate venation structure were summarized. By using the same method, application rules of peltate venation structure for improving the design were also obtained. Finally, mechanical problem of the frame was described, and rib arrangement of the frame was redesigned. A parameter optimization for the widths of ribs in bionic arrangement was also carried out to accomplish the im- proving design. Comparison between bionic and conventional reinforcing frames shows that the weight is reduced by as much as 15.3%.

Calculation and Analysis of Internal Force in Arch Structure of Frozen Soil

Aimed at the frozen soil arch reinforcement form of upside shed used for the shield machine launching in tunneling the internal force of the structure was calculated with the aid of the structural mechanics theory. Considering the space characteristics of the structure, this calculating method is suitable for practical engineering. Moreover, the behavior of the freezing arch reinforcement structure was analyzed combined with an engineering case.

Application of a Machine Learning Algorithm for the Structural Optimization of Circular Arches with Different Cross-Sections

Arches are employed for bridges. This particular type of structures, characterized by a very old use tradition, is nowadays, widely exploited because of its strength, resilience, cost-effectiveness and charm. In recent years, a more conscious design approach that focuses on a more proper use of the building materials combined with the increasing of the computational capability of the modern computers, has led the research in the civil engineering field to the study of optimization algorithms applications aimed at the definition of the best design parameters. In this paper, a differential formulation and a MATLAB code for the calculation of the internal stresses in the arch structure are proposed. Then, the application of a machine learning algorithm, the genetic algorithm, for the calculation of the geometrical parameters, that allows to minimize the quantity of material that constitute the arch structures, is implemented. In this phase, the method used to calculate the stresses has been considered as a constraint function to reduce the range of the solutions to the only ones able to bear the design loads with the smallest volume. In particular, some case studies with different cross-sections are reported to prove the validity of the method and to compare the obtained results in terms of optimization effectiveness.

洞桩法地铁车站边桩结构受力机制的模型试验设计

为了方便学生更形象地理解洞桩法地铁车站边桩结构的受力机制,该文以广州地区某洞桩法地铁车站工程为依托,设计了一种简化的洞桩法车站边桩结构模型试验。基于该试验方法,演示分析了边桩结构在洞桩法车站开挖过程中的施工力学行为规律,并对比研究了不同桩型布置参数下的桩后土压力、边桩结构的力学和变形规律。通过该试验,为学生展示了洞桩法边桩结构模型的设计、制作、试验具体操作及数据监测的全过程,从而让学生更好地掌握洞桩法车站边桩结构力学行为演变规律,以及采用不同边桩布置型式的力学行为差异。

滇中芹河隧洞软岩破碎段围岩大变形与支护结构相互作用研究

软岩大变形是滇中引水工程建设中较为突出的工程地质问题之一,以大楚段芹河隧洞4#支洞为研究对象开展软岩大变形特征及承载结构受力研究。4#支洞在施工过程中发生影响洞室稳定的问题,洞周围岩大变形不同程度侵限,导致钢拱架扭曲断裂、喷混凝土掉落现象时有发生。为了充分认识隧洞变形特征、破坏模式及成因机制,结合工程地质勘察、现场监控量测、数值反演及施工模拟分析等手段和方法对其进行综合研究。研究成果表明:破碎软岩洞段施工期围岩监测变形量大、变形速率较快,变形具有明显的时效性;围岩完整性差,洞周变形差异大;围岩以剪切破坏为主;围岩时效变形对支护结构受力影响大,部分承载结构受力超限,导致局部结构破坏。可见,针对破碎的软岩隧洞施工,需要采取超前注浆、减少减小施工扰动、及时跟进初期支护、尽快封闭成环,加强施工期围岩变形监测,选取合理的衬砌支护时机,实时指导和优化隧洞支护结构施工设计。

陡倾结构金属矿山岩移规律的模型试验研究

陡倾地质结构金属矿床大部分形成于构造断裂带,崩落法开采会产生显著的岩层移动现象。以湖北黄石的金山店铁矿典型地质剖面为基础,构建地质结构模型。通过缩尺物理模型试验,研究陡倾地质结构对崩落法采矿岩层移动的影响规律。研究结果表明,受陡倾地质结构的影响,采空区岩层移动可分为缓慢增长、快速增长与地表塌陷破坏3个阶段,其中上盘岩移范围远大于下盘,上盘以倾倒变形破坏为主,下盘以剪切滑移破坏为主;采空区顶板岩层一方面不断崩落填充采空区控制岩移,另一方面形成冒落拱,以拱脚抵制上下盘陡倾岩层朝向采空区移动;当顶板崩落至地表后冒落拱的支撑作用消失,近采空区的上盘岩层发生倾倒折断塌陷,下盘岩层发生剪切滑移塌陷。

浅埋无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载确定方法

不同于常规隧道衬砌结构,无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌施作稳定后还要受到邻近后行洞开挖的二次扰动,后行洞开挖对先行洞衬砌受力的影响不可忽视。依托杨家寨公路隧道工程,基于考虑了后行洞开挖影响的隧道围岩压力计算方法,结合现场监测位移数据采用荷载-结构法进行位移反分析,提出了一种确定浅埋无中导洞连拱隧道先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载的方法,最后和衬砌背后围岩荷载现场监测值进行对比验证。研究结果表明:后行洞开挖对先行洞衬砌承担围岩荷载的影响较为显著,监测点增长幅度均值高达142%;先行洞衬砌受力呈现“拱腰较小,拱顶及拱肩较大”的分布规律,且靠近后行洞一侧拱肩位置受力最大;通过现场监测位移反分析得到的先行洞衬砌受力结果和现场监测结果较为一致,论证了该方法的合理性和实用性,研究成果可为无中导洞连拱隧道结构设计提供参考。

托顶煤巷道锚固“梁-拱”结构分类及顶板冲击失稳机制

我国煤矿托顶煤巷道冲击地压频发,且冲击动载下顶板灾害尤为严重。为探究托顶煤巷道顶板锚固结构类型和冲击失稳机制,以陕西某矿301工作面回风巷道大面积冲击垮顶为工程背景,运用相似实验、理论分析及数据统计等方法,分析了托顶煤巷道围岩应力、位移和巷表加速度的动载响应特征,研究了顶煤厚度与支护构件影响下顶板锚固结构的分类特征,探究了弹性波下托顶煤巷道的应力响应机制,提出顶板锚固“梁-拱”结构的冲击失稳机制,评估了301工作面回风巷道的抗冲能力,并提出了相应的抗冲支护优化方案。结果表明:①冲击动载下托顶煤围岩应力和位移等监测数据验证了顶板存在内、外层的梁或拱形锚固结构,因顶煤厚度增加,顶板内层锚固结构存在由“梁”向“拱”的转换;②基于顶煤厚度与支护构件相对关系,将顶板锚固结构划分为薄顶煤的“叠加梁-拱”、厚顶煤的“组合梁-拱”和特厚顶煤的“组合拱”,建立了厚煤梁由“梁”向“拱”转化的临界厚度指标;③顶板锚固梁结构和锚固拱结构的冲击失稳机制为动静载荷下分别达到其拉伸、剪切强度极限后破坏,锚固“梁-拱”结构对冲击载荷的放大效应受其尺寸影响明显;④特厚顶煤的“组合拱”结构中内层拱承载强度较低,可增加锚杆长度提升内层拱厚,对应的“组合拱”结构的承载能力上升明显,与抗冲能力评估结果相符。

某上浮地下车库结构检测及加固处理方案

某在建地下车库发生上浮事故,结构上拱现象严重,结构构件出现不同程度的损伤。事故发生后对该工程及时采取了临时应急措施。通过详尽的结构检测,精准定位了地下车库的上浮影响范围,全面掌握了受影响构件的损伤情况。根据检测结果,结合原始设计资料和现场实际施工状况,分析了地下车库上浮的主要因素及构件损伤的机理。对上浮影响区域的结构采取了注浆、补桩、构件置换等针对性的加固措施。本工程处理后取得了良好的效果,可为其他类似工程提供参考。

ARCH模型的诊断分析

探讨了 ARCH模型的诊断分析和变结构建模问题 .所提出的分整增广 GARCH- M模型包括了几乎所有现有的 ARCH模型 ,基于分整增广 GARCH- M模型克服了 ARCH模型在模型设定检验 ,长记忆检验和参数估计等方面的障碍 .利用分段建模方法来检测模型结构变化点和分段变化模型的选择 .最后 ,以上海证券综合事业股票指数为数据 。

大跨度双联连续钢管混凝土拱桥结构体系设计研究

为研究大跨度双联连续钢管混凝土拱桥的合理结构体系及中央拱座合理刚度,以主跨2×405 m渝湘复线双堡特大桥为背景,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立全桥有限元模型,分析考虑自重、汽车荷载和基础沉降作用下,拱桥刚接、铰接、半刚性连接约束体系和不同中央拱座刚度对桥梁力学性能的影响。结果表明:自重、汽车荷载和基础沉降作用下各结构体系力学性能均满足规范要求。双刚接方案拱肋变形对称,结构受力良好,且构造简单、施工方便。中央拱座刚度从0.8 EI(EI为原设计方案中央拱座截面刚度)增加至2.0 EI,自重产生的最大变形基本不变,最大拉应力减小了0.33%,最大压应力减小了0.47%,结构力学性能改善效果不明显。双堡特大桥结构体系推荐采用双刚性连接,中央拱座合理刚度取值为0.8 EI,全桥有限元计算结果表明,该结构体系的强度、刚度、稳定性均满足规范要求。

基于塑性屈服体积-应变增量积的特高拱坝整体稳定性评价

坝肩岩体的工作性状是评价拱坝整体稳定性的重要依据,也是特高拱坝设计与安全调控的重点与难点。数值模拟分析中,以拉裂及压剪屈服区域发育范围的传统评价方法无法考虑岩体及结构面损伤屈服程度,且难以准确评判断层等对应力状态敏感材料的工作性态。为此,提出一种基于应变增量判断建坝蓄水后坝肩结构面是否进入屈服状态,采用塑性单元体积与其应变增量的乘积为指标的拱坝整体稳定性评价方法,并采用该方法对ZY特高拱坝展开研究,揭示了其坝肩岩体及结构面在正常运行工况及超载条件下整体稳定特征演化规律,厘清了显著影响坝肩稳定性的断层及结构面,为特高拱坝整体稳定性评估及加固措施优化调控提供了技术支撑。

大跨上承式拱桥拱上建筑碰撞效应多尺度模拟研究

大跨上承式拱桥的拱上建筑属于高度非规则梁式桥跨结构,在地震作用下的碰撞效应不仅有别于普通规则梁桥,而且还会受到拱圈变形的影响。为了探明大跨上承式拱桥拱上建筑在地震作用下的碰撞效应,基于三维碰撞-摩擦分析方法和材料塑性损伤本构关系,采用多尺度模拟研究了某大跨拱桥拱上建筑相邻主梁在伸缩缝处以及主梁与限位挡块之间的碰撞行为与局部损伤特征,并进一步探讨了拱上建筑分联方式对碰撞效应和拱上立柱剪力响应的影响规律。研究表明:全简支的拱上建筑易在1/4跨附近的伸缩缝处产生最大碰撞力,而且由于受主拱空间变形的影响,主梁在伸缩缝处易发生局部偏心碰撞,严重损伤集中于外侧小箱梁;无论拱上建筑采用哪种分联方式,主梁与限位挡块之间最强烈的碰撞效应都发生在拱顶附近;分联方式对碰撞效应有重要影响,采用全连续或分联连续的拱上建筑可大幅降低伸缩缝和挡块2个部位的碰撞力,避免1/4跨附近发生最大碰撞效应。因此,拱上建筑的合理布跨和分联是减轻大跨拱桥碰撞效应的有效途径。

从“编木拱”到“编木穹”:东西方互承原理差异与新构型拓展

基于东西方文明背景下互承框架的多样表现形式,从结构构成与受力出发探究互承体系的基本特征和原理要素,进而从其原理的倾向性差异中梳理出东方加固式和西方平衡式两种互承形式,并探讨了二者的原理差异、形态差异、构型差异与适用范围,主要结论有东方以结构单元之间的互承实现加固和稳定性,其曲面曲率适应性较强;西方则以在结构单元之间以及单元内部同时构建互承且均保持力学平衡实现了跨度的拓展。由此,针对东方传统桥梁互承体系仅可适应单向曲面以及西方平衡式互承难以拟合大曲率曲面的发展瓶颈,以达·芬奇编织桥为原理基底,设计并建造了一种可适应自由曲面的新构型,且从建造视角论证了其跨度可行性与受力可行性,这一实验性构想为当代互承框架设计的未来发展提供新的方向及相应理论基础。

基于无损检测和概率的古代石拱桥结构可靠度评估

中国古代石拱桥由于其年代久远、结构复杂、露天保存以及可靠度评估过程中参数不易确定等特点,导致传统结构稳定性分析评估方法难以准确评估古代石拱桥结构实际响应和可靠度。提出一种基于无损检测和概率的古代石拱桥结构可靠度评估方法。该方法首先提出利用无损检测技术或工程地质类比法获取石拱桥结构物理力学参数并建立数值模型;然后基于无损检测数据或《工程地质手册》,利用敏感性分析方法确定对石拱桥整体结构响应影响较大的关键参数,即第一类关键参数,并根据参数先验分布提出不同的抽样方法,生成随机样本实现贝叶斯更新过程;最后通过ANSYS软件对桥梁结构的响应进行有限元分析,并利用可靠度分析方法计算出石拱桥结构可靠度指标,并根据相关标准对石拱桥结构安全与可靠度进行评估。以全国重点文物保护单位隋代赵州桥(大石桥)为研究对象建立简化模型,采用本文提出的可靠度评估方法计算得到目前赵州桥的可靠度为3.42,该桥梁安全等级为二级,该评估结果与实际情况基本相符,从而验证了本文方法的可靠性和可行性。该方法可规避传统物理力学检测过程中对石拱桥古建筑的损害,筛选出的关键参数合理,且数据更新处理充分考虑模型参数的不确定性,从而可更精确地计算出古代石拱桥可靠度指标,可为古建筑文物的预防性保护提供科学依据。