Application of steel fibre reinforced sprayed concrete to a deep tunnel in weak rocks

Based on an engineering background of a deep tunneling in weak rocks, the numerical modeling is used to compare different support schemes of tunnel at great depth in this paper. Focused on the general behaviors of weak rocks at great depth, a tunneling scheme with rock bolting and steel fibre reinforced sprayed concrete is proposed. This scheme is practiced successfully at a deep tunnel in weak rocks in Coal Mine No 10 of Hebi Coal Mining Administration.

Strength and Toughness of Steel Fibre Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Under Blast Loading

The blast resistance of structures used in buildings needs to be investigated due to the increased threat of a terrorist attack. The damage done by Composition B or Powergel to steel fibre reinforced reactive powder concrete (SFRPC) panels and ordinary reinforced concrete (RC) panels of equivalent static flexural strength is compared. A 0.5 kg charge was detonated at a distance of 0.1 m from the 1.3 m×1.0 m×0. 1 m (thick) panels, which were simply supported and spaning 1.3m. Dynamic displacement measurements, high-speed video recording and visual examination of the panels for spall and breach were undertaken. The SFRPC panels withstood the bare charge blast better than the reinforced ordinary concrete panels. Neither type of panel was breached using a 0.5 kg charge. The RC panel exhibited more spalling when Composition B was used. Under successive Composition B loading conditions, the RC panel was breached. In comparison the SFRPC panel was not breached. Exposure to fragmenting charge loading conditions confirmed these performance differences between the SFRPC panel and the reinforced ordinary concrete panel.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Steel-fibre in Concrete Thick Cap

The effect of steel fibre used in concrete was systematically analyzed by model testing of 30 2-pile thick caps of steel-fibre reinforced concrete, in which the model scale was 1：5. The experiment system composed of a loading device, strain measurement system and a data-acquisition system was used, also an electromechanic centigrade scale, a lens and a Y J-25 static resistance strainometer were used.The experimental results show that the volumetric rate of steel fibre and draw ratio have an important influence on its load-bearing capacity. The incorporation of steel fibre can effectively improve the extension and reduce the thickness of the caps.

Flexural fatigue strength of steel fibrous concrete containing mixed steel fibres

This paper reports investigation conducted to study the fatigue performance of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) containing fibres of mixed aspect ratio. An extensive experimental program was conducted in which 90 flexural fatigue tests were carried out at different stress levels on size 500 mm×100 mm×100 mm SFRC specimens respectively containing 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% volume fraction of fibres. About 36 static flexural tests were also conducted to determine the static flexural strength prior to fatigue testing. Each volume fraction of fibres incorporated corrugated mixed steel fibres of size 0.6 mm×2.0 mm×25 mm and 0.6 mm×2.0 mm×50 mm in ratio 50:50 by weight. The results are presented both as S-N relationships, with the maximum fatigue stress expressed as a percentage of the strength under static loading, and as relationships between actually applied fatigue stress and number of loading cycles to failure. Two-million-cycle fatigue strengths of SFRC containing different volume fractions of mixed fibres were obtained and compared with plain concrete.

Rheology of Steel Fibre Containing Alumina-Magnesia-Extruded Graphite Pellets Self-Flowing Castables

The influences of adding steel fibres of different lengths up to 3 volume percentages, on the rheological behaviour of an alumina-magnesia-extruded graphite pellet containing castables have been studied using a rheometer. Free-flow measurements have shown that the flow is severely affected by increasing the length of steel fibres. The calculated values of rheological constants indicate that 19 mm and 25 mm fibre up to 2 volume percentage is permitted while one volume percentage of 50 mm fibres severely degrades the rheology of the castable.

Influence of Water Stability on Bond Performance Between Magnesium Phosphate Cement Mortar and Steel Fibre

The fibre pullout test was conducted to investigate the influence of the water stability on the bond behaviour between the Magnesium phosphate cement(MPC)matrix and the steel fibre.The composition of the MPC-matrix and the immersion age of the specimens are experimentally investigated.The average bond strength and the pullout energy are investigated by analysing the experimental results.In addition,the microscopic characteristics of the interface transition zone are investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The experimental results showed that the bond performance between the MPC-matrix and the steel fibre decreased significantly with the increase of the duration of immersion in water.The average bond strength between the steel fibre and the MPC-matrix reduced by more than 50%when the specimens were immersed in the water for 28 days.The effect of the water on the interface between the steel fibre and the MPC-matrix was found to be more significant compared to the composition of the MPC-matrix.In addition,the MgO-KH2PO4 mole ratio of the MPC significantly influenced the water stability of the interface zone between the steel fibre and MPC-matrix.

Modelling the Influence of Air Jet Configurations on Non-Woven Steel Fibre Mixing in the Melt Overflow Process

The mixing of non-woven steel fibres in melt overflow process for use in automotive muffler systems was simulated. The aim was to identify optimum parameters for achieving a good fibre mix. Numerical models of mixing chambers of melt overflow process were developed. Multiphysics analyses involving heat transfer, fluid flow and particle tracking were carried out using COMSOL code. The influence of air jet configurations on the fibre distribution was studied. The fibres settled on the moving bed within the mixing chamber were examined for their uniformity. The effect of additional air jets to the existing chamber in a range of regions was explored. An optimum configuration was identified by analyzing the compactness of the particle clusters deposited in the simulation and validated using pixel data acquired from real time imaging. The results showed that by employing dual air jets at the front end of the chamber, the density of the fibre material has improved. We conclude that through multi-physics modelling, it was possible to identify the optimum air-jet configurations leading to fibre uniformity and its distribution. This work also paves the way for incorporating a vision system to evaluate fibre density in real time.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES WITH LOW CONTENT OF HYBRID STEEL-CARBON FIBRE SYSTEMS

Electrical impedance measurements were performed on fine-grained concrete with low volume content of conductive steel and carbon fibres, either as a mono or as a hybrid system. The influences were investigated of the applied frequencies, of fibre combinations and of the age of the composites on the impedance. The results show that when the applied frequency is increased from 0.98 Hz to 1000 Hz, the impedance of the fibre composites significantly decreases. At the same time, impedance difference between plain concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete is enhanced. Dramatic drop of impedance takes place over the low frequency range, i.e. 0.98 to approximately 31 Hz. Impedance also depends on the volume content of hybrid fibres. The cementitious composite with the highest content of hybrid fibres (1.0% steel fibres and 0.2% carbon fibres by volume) has the lowest impedance at all measuring frequencies. 0.6% fibres by volume seem to be a turning point, from which the variation of impedance slows down with the fibre content increases. On the other hand, the impedance increment of the fibre-reinforced composites slows down with the age after 28 days, comparing to plain concrete. (Author abstract) 8 Refs.

Strength and deformation characteristics of steel fibrous concrete beams

The results of an analytical investigation of the flexural behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) beams are presented. The complete response of the SFRC beams under displacement controlled static loading was obtained using nonlinear Finite Element (FE) techniques implemented with the help of ATENA 2D software. Issues relating to the behaviour of SFRC which have a direct bearing on the FE modelling are discussed with relevance to the software employed for the nonlinear analysis. Constitutive models amenable to numerical analysis for steel fibrous concrete are presented. The structural response throughout the loading regime was captured in terms of the load-deflection behaviour, which in addition to the post-peak response characterized the failure mode of the test beams. The crack patterns at crack initiation and at the end of the tests were also recorded. Experimental results from the specimens of two other investigators were used as control values for this investigation. The response of the specimens of this investigation was evaluated in terms of initial tangent stiffness, peak loads and toughness. Good match was obtained between the results from this investigation and corresponding experimentally obtained values, wherever available. The influence of the fibre content is reflected in the observed trends in peak loads, deflection at peak loads and toughness, which are in broad agreement with known behavioral patterns of SFRC.

基于混凝土切割面统计方法的纤维取向分布研究

纤维分布和取向是影响纤维增强混凝土力学性能的重要因素。本文采用混凝土切割面统计方法研究不同水胶比和振捣时间对钢纤维混凝土中纤维分布及取向的影响。结果表明:随着水胶比和振捣时间的增加,边壁效应对纤维分布影响减弱;高水胶比条件下纤维在垂直于振捣方向上出现了偏析现象(垂直方向上的不均匀分布),随振捣时间增加,偏析更显著;对于高性能混凝土,增加振捣时间有利于纤维的均匀分布,而普通混凝土应缩短振捣时间。此外,统计结果表明,钢纤维取向角分布呈现高斯分布规律,峰值处于40°~50°。当水胶比为0.45,振捣时间为20 s,纤维取向角在45°附近,纤维数量占比最大,纤维取向系数达到0.73。

不同掺合料对喷射钢纤维混凝土性能的影响

依托某重点工程隧道穹顶支护用高性能喷射混凝土的性能要求,配制了C40喷射钢纤维混凝土,研究了掺合料的种类(粉煤灰、专用掺合料、抗裂剂)对喷射钢纤维混凝土工作性、力学性能和耐久性能的影响。结果表明:掺不同掺合料喷射钢纤维混凝土的坍落度均满足(180±20)mm的要求,表观密度稳定在2530 kg/m3左右,抗压强度均满足设计强度等级要求,耐久性能均较好;另外,与掺粉煤灰的喷射钢纤维混凝土相比,掺专用掺合料或抗裂剂的喷射钢纤维混凝土的保水性和黏聚性均较好,力学性能和耐久性能基本均较优,抗渗等级分别达到了P11和P10,28 d碳化深度均小于12.0 mm。

三相导电混凝土掺料配比研究及评价

以钢纤维(Steel Fibre, SF)、碳纤维(Carbon Fibre, CF)、纳米炭黑(Nano-Carbon Black, NCB)为导电掺料,基于正交试验方法设计试验,测量每组配比下试件的电阻率与抗压强度,并采用层次分析法和灰色关联度法进行评价。结果表明,三相导电混凝土试件电阻率随SF、CF和NCB掺量的增加而降低;抗压强度随SF、CF掺量的增加而增加,而NCB反之;其中CF对电阻率和抗压强度的影响均最为显著。当SF、CF和NCB掺量分别为0.6%、0.3%(体积分数)和0.6%(质量分数)时导电混凝土达到渗流阈值;而综合评价后可知,当SF、CF和NCB掺量分别为0.9%、0.7%(体积分数)和0.6%(质量分数)时导电混凝土性能最好,其抗压强度提升31.8%,电阻率降低98.9%。

高抗拉组合桥面混凝土试验研究与应用

为解决高抗拉组合桥面混凝土存在的钢纤维掺量高、流动性差、经时损失大、泵送施工困难、早期强度低、易开裂等问题,试验通过原材料优选、配合比设计及优化,配制出流动性好、经时损失小、早期强度高、收缩率低的大掺量钢纤维混凝土,并将其应用于旧混凝土T梁与新钢纤维混凝土铺装层依靠剪力钉组合而成的桥面结构。结果表明:钢纤维混凝土不仅流动性好、2 h经时损失小,且1 d抗压强度达35 MPa以上,28 d抗弯拉强度达7 MPa以上,28 d干燥收缩仅有258×10^(-6),混凝土铺装层无裂缝、孔洞、漏筋、蜂窝、麻面等外观缺陷,应用效果良好。

ISO 4345《钢丝绳纤维芯规范》国际标准修订解读

现行的ISO 4345《钢丝绳纤维芯规范》国际标准制定于1988年,至今已有三十多年,许多技术指标已不能适应目前的产品需求。南通市产品质量监督检验所牵头了该标准的修订工作。本文回顾总结了该标准的修订背景、编制过程以及新老标准的变化情况。

Hysteretic behavior of special shaped columns composed of steel and reinforced concrete(SRC)

This paper describes a series of experimental investigations on seventeen specimens of steel reinforced concrete special shaped(SRCSS) columns under low cyclic reversed loading using parallel crosshead equipment. Nine T-shaped SRC columns, four L-shaped SRC columns and four +-shaped SRC columns were tested to examine the effects of shape steel confi guration, loading angle, axial compressive ratio and shear-span ratio on the behavior(strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility, etc.) of SRCSS column specimens. The failure modes and hysteretic performance of all the specimens were obtained in the tests. Test results demonstrate that the shear-span ratio is the main parameter affecting the failure modes of SRCSS columns. The specimens with small shear-span ratio are prone to shear failure, and the primary failure planes in SRCSS columns are parallel to the loading direction. As a result, there is a symmetry between positive and negative loading directions in the hysteretic curves of the SRCSS columns. The majority of displacement ductility coeffi cients for all the specimens are over 3.0, so that the SRCSS columns demonstrate a better deformation capacity. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping coeffi cients of all the specimens are greater than 0.2, indicating that the seismic behavior of SRCSS columns is adequate. Finally, the superposition theory was used to calculate the limits of axial compressive ratio for the specimens, and it is found that the test axial compressive ratio is close to or smaller than the calculated axial compressive ratio limit.

陶砂和钢纤维对轻质超高性能混凝土的影响

为利用陶砂与钢纤维做骨架制备出轻自重与超高强度协同设计的轻质超高性能混凝土(LUHPC),研究了不同掺量与粒径的陶砂、不同掺量与长度的钢纤维对LUHPC工作性能、力学性能和收缩性能的影响规律,并通过SEM对其微结构进行分析。试验结果表明,增加陶砂的掺量可以有效减少LUHPC的表观密度,但力学性能也会随之下降;钢纤维掺量的增加显著提高了LUHPC的力学性能,且抗折强度的提升效果最为明显,在体积掺量为2%的情况下,增加钢纤维长度会导致LUHPC的工作性能降低、抗折强度提升;采用粒径为0.075~4.75 mm连续级配的陶砂和长度为13 mm的钢纤维制备的LUHPC综合性能最佳。

Punching shear behavior of recycled aggregate concrete slabs with and without steel fibres

A study on the punching shear behavior of 8 slabs with recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)was carried out.The two main factors considered were the recycled coarse aggregate(RCA)replacement percentage and the steel fibre volumetric ratio.The failure pattern,load-displacement curves,energy consumption,and the punching shear capacity of the slabs were intensively investigated.It was concluded that the punching shear capacity,ductility and energy consumption decreased with the increase of RCA replacement percentage.Research findings indicated that the incorporation of steel fibres could not only improve the energy dissipation capacity and the punching shear capacity of the slab,but also effectively improve the integrity of the slab tension surface and thereby changing the trend from typical punching failure pattern to bending-punching failure pattern.On the basis of the test,the punching shear capacity formula of RAC slabs with and without steel fibres was proposed and discussed.

钢纤维-基体混凝土界面黏结性能及影响因素分析

为优化钢纤维-水泥混凝土界面特性,文章在钢纤维混凝土中复掺聚合物乳液,通过拉拔试验获得拉拔荷载-位移曲线,计算钢纤维-基体混凝土界面黏结强度及钢纤维拔出的拉拔韧性,并分析粗集料最大粒径,钢纤维和聚合物单掺、复掺对界面黏结强度及拉拔韧性的影响规律。研究结果表明:减小基体混凝土粗集料最大粒径有助于提高钢纤维-基体混凝土界面黏结强度;掺入钢纤维后,混凝土界面黏结强度提高,拉拔韧性增加,且纤维掺量越大拉拔韧性越大;相较于钢纤维混凝土,复掺聚合物对界面黏结强度作用效果不显著甚至有所减弱,但钢纤维-基体混凝土界面得到强化,提高钢纤维从混凝土中拔出的拉拔韧性28.4%。

钢纤维混凝土力学变形特性试验研究

针对钢纤维混凝土梁力学特性和变形规律,文中设计了不同钢纤维体积掺量和钢纤维再生混凝土厚度的7种试验梁,开展了一系列加载试验,分析了钢纤维对混凝土梁力学性能的影响。结果表明,相较于无钢纤维再生混凝土工况,钢纤维再生混凝土试验梁的开裂荷载和极限荷载均有所增大,荷载-应变曲线斜率也有所增加,但延性降低,且钢纤维再生混凝土厚度越厚,极限强度越高,延性下降越明显。随着钢纤维掺量的增加,并未出现试验梁极限荷载增加或减小的一般性规律,最大极限荷载是钢纤维体积掺量为1.0%工况,其次为1.5%工况。掺入钢纤维后挠度变形均有所下降,随着钢纤维体积掺量的增加,试验梁跨中挠度随之减小,跨中挠度与钢纤维体积掺量呈现负相关关系。

钢-超高性混凝土组合梁桥华夫桥面板性能研究

为解决传统钢混组合梁桥桥面板易开裂、钢桥面铺装破损等技术难题,将超高性混凝土(UHPC)桥面板与钢梁组合构成钢-UHPC组合梁桥。其力学性能优良,是1种全寿命周期内极具竞争力的新型组合桥梁形式。通过进行UHPC华夫板有限元计算,设计了9个足尺条带模型试验予以研究。试验分析表明:UHPC构件正弯矩试验荷载-位移曲线大致分为线弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、宏观裂缝开展阶段及屈服阶段,在线弹性阶段时,其刚度及极限抗弯承载力随配筋率增加而增加,弹塑性阶段后,端钩形纤维梁比直线型纤维梁刚度稍大;端钩型纤维UHPC构件较直线型纤维UHPC构件具有更优越的受力性能。端钩型纤维UHPC试件开裂应力19.4 MPa,是华夫型UHPC桥面板设计应力9.96 MPa的1.95倍,足以满足正常使用状态裂缝宽度要求:UHPC构件延性很好,在正负弯矩加载工况下,直线型纤维和端钩型纤维UHPC构件均具有较高的持载能力。