Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, current application of evaluation criteria leads to a primary focus on short-term impact. Through current practice, the relatively most neglected diseases will remain so, and a long-term strategy is needed to resolve this.

Analysis of standardization of community security fund management-Taking practice of community security fund management in Wuhou district of Chengdu as an example

The Chengdu community security funds refer to the special security funds for urban and rural community development and governance in Chengdu.At present,there are some problems in the use of community security funds,such as low participation of residents,and low efficiency of fund use.Taking the exploration of standardization of community security fund management in Wuhou district,Chengdu city,as an example,this paper suggests further strengthening the use and management of community security funds by means of standardization,ensuring the democratic,open,and transparent use of funds,and effectively enhancing the supporting role of community security funds in community governance.

Patients Involved in Funding Research.A Look Back at the Unique Experience of the ECLAIR Working Group of Canceropole CLARA

This article aims to share an innovative experience of organizing and funding research involving those most directly affected:patients.The“ECLAIR”working group of the Canceropole Lyon Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes(CLARA)was created at the end of 2020 with the goal of contributing to the development of a call for projects on the patient experience in oncology,which was launched in January 2021.Initially composed of 8 members,including 7 patients,coordinated by a project manager from CLARA,the ECLAIR working group actively participated in drafting the specifications of the call for projects,developing the eligibility criteria for applications,revising the evaluation and selection criteria for projects,and monitoring the selected projects.This experience was repeated twice.With significant freedom of action,the working group made two decisions that strongly demonstrate the commitment to supporting research partnerships and the active involvement of those affected:firstly,by making partnership a mandatory requirement for the eligibility of applications,and secondly,by conducting the selection of projects themselves,after an independent scientific evaluation phase.Seeking to shed light on the“black box”of partnership,the article also presents the concrete modalities of interaction among the working group members,the adjustments made between different editions of the call for projects,and the relationships maintained with CLARA.

The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for society.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.

The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for society.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.The measures were total mortality,years of life lost,and number of hospital days in 1994 and incidence,prevalence,and disability-adjusted life-years(one disability-adjusted life-year is defined as the loss of one year of healthy life to disease)in 1990.With the use of these measures as explanatory variables in a regression analysis,predicted funding was calculated and compared with actual funding.

Strategies for Cultivating Public Funded Targeted Normal Students Based on Goal Management Theory : A Case Study of East, West and North Guangdong

Public funded targeted normal students are an important component of China's teacher team construction.Since its implementation in 2007,a large number of outstanding rural teachers who have been striving on the front line of education have been trained.Based on the theory of goal management,this paper explores the problems and countermeasures in the training of public funded targeted normal students.It strives to solve the problems of low willingness to teach and high default rates among public funded normal students,and hopes that the suggestions proposed in this paper can further promote the effective implementation of policies for public funded normal students.

The Scale and Structure of Funding Expenditures for China’s Firstclass Universities

Adequate funding is identified as a crucial factor in ensuring the success of these universities,impacting talent cultivation,scientific research,and social services.Since the 1990s,China has launched several key projects to enhance the development of its first universities and aimed at elevating these institutions to world-class status.Using data from 34 first-class universities in China from 2014 to 2022,this study analyzes the characteristics and differences in expenditure.It employs an independent sample t-test model to compare the C9 League universities with other first-class universities.The findings reveal significant gaps in total expenditure and varying priorities in expenditure categories,with education being the dominant expenditure item.The study concludes with suggestions for optimizing the efficiency of fund utilization to support the development of world-class universities in China.

积极心理学视域下高职院校发展型资助育人质量研究

促进家庭经济困难学生全面发展是高职院校育人工作的重要课题。当前,发展型资助工作在育人主体、育人制度、育人成效等方面面临困境。以积极心理学为理论指导,从教育理念、教育设计、教育环境等方面分析积极心理学融入资助育人工作的价值意蕴,并提出高职院校发展型资助育人质量提升的实践路径:加强多主体积极协同力量,完善资助育人考核机制;以激发积极体验为手段,增强资助育人过程成效;发挥学生自身优势,提高被资助学生的心理品质。

金融让利、收入增长与消费促进

文章将金融机构部门让利的分阶段影响效应测算与资金流量分析方法相结合,设计构造涵盖“收入形成—收入分配—收入使用”全过程的经济影响动态传导分析模型系统。利用2022年国民收入流量核算实际数据,全面测算“金融机构部门让利”这一政策导向下宏观经济运行各机构部门在收入分配与使用环节受到的影响,系统展示金融让利的宏观波及效应。结果显示,金融让利有显著的投资促进效果,能拉动机构部门可支配收入增长,进而促进消费需求规模的扩张,对于我国新内需体系的构建有积极影响。

基于语义加权网络的重点领域科学基金资助态势识别研究

[目的/意义]科学基金制度是各国(地区)提升科学研究水平的重要方式,准确识别科学基金的资助方向和资助成效是感知科技发展态势的关键。[方法/过程]为识别科学基金资助态势,在提出关键短语抽取规则后,利用语义相似度消除同、近义词的歧义影响,利用动态滑动窗口和语义相似度构建语义加权的词共现网络,并基于社团划分方法识别基金主题。在集成电路领域比较1812项中国国家自然科学基金和2807项美国国家科学基金的资助主题分布、资助力度变化和资助效果,该方法能够准确识别基金主题分布和资助成效。[结果/结论]中国国家自然科学基金和美国国家科学基金均涵盖了集成电路领域的主要研究主题,在重点资助方向和资助力度上有较大差异;中国国家自然科学基金资助的论文平均被引频次相对较低,受资助机构相对单一。

母基金参股与风险投资机构退出表现

本文选取2002—2021年中国风险投资市场的基金信息和投资事件,探讨私募股权母基金参股对风险投资机构退出表现的影响。研究发现:(1)母基金参股提高了风投机构成功退出的可能性;(2)对于民营风投机构以及风投和创业企业非同城的情况,母基金能发挥更好的作用;(3)母基金具备筛选能力与加强能力,一方面倾向于选择参股知识多样化水平高和声誉水平高的风投机构,另一方面可以加强风投机构的增值效应,从而提升风投机构的退出表现;(4)在排除筛选能力的影响后,母基金依然可以提升风投机构的退出表现,进一步验证了母基金的加强能力。本文为私募股权母基金、风投机构退出表现研究提供了新的视角,为母基金管理、风投机构实践、监管部门政策引导提供了理论依据与经验参考。

The Observation of Trends and Impacts of States Funding on Higher Education in America

The adequacy of state funding for higher education in America is vital to cultivate the qualified workforce and help in developing the state’s economy.With the economy downturn situation,whether the current state funding is adequate to the need of institutions and students is a valuable question to be investigated.This research reviewed the whole trends of state and federal support of the higher education,having analyzed the data of higher education funding for the whole state,for the institution development,and for the students and their families.With the enrollment increasing and the inflation growing,the state fund was dropping.Although states supply a greater part of funding to public universities,most of the state funding goes to community colleges and non-research public institutions.The public research institutions and undergraduate education are important components in higher education,generating changing the development for the entire society.The state should make some adjustments in distributing funding in order to keep up with the most urgent needs of the higher education and ease pressure on the institutions,and ease the financial burden on students and their families.

Fund budget model for multipurpose transit smart card systems

The fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems is studied by stochastic programming to assign limited funds to different applications reasonably. Under the constraints of a gross fund, models of chance-constrained and dependentchance for the fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems are established with application scale and social demand as random variables, respectively aiming to maximize earnings and satisfy the service requirements the furthest; and the genetic algorithm based on stochastic simulation is adopted for model solution. The calculation results show that the fund budget differs greatly with different system objectives which can cause the systems to have distinct expansibilities, and the application scales of some applications may not satisfy user demands with limited funds. The analysis results indicate that the forecast of application scales and application future demands should be done first, and then the system objective is determined according to the system mission, which can help reduce the risks of fund budgets.

人口老龄化背景下我国5个少数民族自治区基本养老保险基金预测

[目的]对我国5个少数民族自治区的养老保险基金收支情况进行预测,为我国基本养老保险制度的可持续发展提供参考。[方法]采用Logistic人口模型预测2023-2030年劳动年龄人口和65岁及以上人口数并测算老年抚养比,运用灰色模型预测2023-2030年城乡居民基本养老保险基金的收支并测算基金结余。[结果]经测算,到2030年,广西的老年抚养比最高为30.34%;基金收入增幅最低的地区是西藏,为54.87%;基金支出增幅最高的地区是西藏,为91.27%;除西藏外,另外4个少数民族自治区基金结余均呈现上升趋势。[结论]现阶段我国5个少数民族自治区人口老龄化程度相对较轻,未来少数民族人口的年龄结构将进一步老化,城乡居民基本养老保险基金总体上呈现可持续发展趋势。

海运温室气体减排市场机制ETS和GHG FUND的比较研究

海运温室气体排放交易机制(ETS)和基金机制(GHG FUND)是用于海运温室气体减排的2个代表性市场机制.为深入了解这2大机制,对其运行机理、减排效果、运行成本,以及新增碳排放成本进行了深度的解剖和定量分析;指出了机制设计中的不确定性以及对发展中国家、不同运输方式间竞争的不公平性.认为现有设计框架下的ETS和GHG FUND机制作为海运业市场减排机制方案并不妥当,海运业应该在寻求技术和营运的措施减排方面做更多的努力.

战略耦合对中国内地台资企业生存的影响:基于组态的视角

台商直接投资(TDI)是中国内地外资的重要来源,台资企业与投资接收地建立战略耦合模式的差异会影响其利用后者带来的机遇及应对挑战的方式。基于微观企业数据库,分析2001—2022年中国内地台资企业退出的时空格局;构建战略耦合模式量化探测体系,运用定性比较分析方法探究影响中国内地台资企业生存的因素。研究发现:1)中国内地台资企业的生存率一直保持较高水平,但在特定政策和事件的影响下会有波动。2008年金融危机、中美贸易摩擦、台商回流政策、新南向政策以及新冠疫情均对其产生负面影响。中国内地的台资企业生存率在不同阶段的空间分布格局存在变化,东部沿海地区的生存率始终较高,而中部和西部经济相对落后的内陆地区的生存率持续较低。2)2001—2007、2008—2013、2014—2022年,中国内地与台资企业的战略耦合关系分别为:依附式耦合、合作式耦合、互惠式耦合,不同耦合模式主导阶段TDI生存率差异较大,区位优势和空间粘性随时间进一步提升。3)2001—2022年,台资企业由低附加值+低端生产环节投资转向高附加值、创新驱动的领域,在中国内地展开更多本土合作,经营在地化程度增加。疫情等外部冲击使得台资企业加深了与本地供应商的后向联系,也更依赖中国内地市场,空间粘性提升,这些因素有助于提升台资企业在内地的生存能力。

数字经济对企业养老保险缴费的影响研究

在人口老龄化背景下,促进企业养老保险遵从对于推动养老保险体系可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以2011—2019年A股上市企业为研究样本,在测度城市数字经济发展水平的基础上,考察数字经济发展对企业养老保险缴费的影响。研究发现,数字经济发展对企业养老保险缴费有显著促进作用。机制检验证实了数字经济发展促进企业养老保险缴费主要通过缓解融资约束、加大外部监督力度和提升劳动生产率三条路径实现。进一步分析表明,数字经济发展对企业养老保险缴费的促进作用在资本密集型、非国有和处于税务部门征收地区的企业中更为明显;数字经济发展通过提升养老保险基金结余和参保人数促进了养老保险基金可持续发展。本文结论为提升养老金可持续性,推动多层次养老保险体系发展提供了政策启示。

澳大利亚大众体育资助历程、特征及启示

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,分析澳大利亚大众体育资助历程、特征,并提出对我国的启示。澳大利亚大众体育资助历经起步与确立、收缩与反思、重建与扩展、深化与创新四个时期。特征:资助规模持续增长,资助手段日益多元,资助流程逐步规范,特别关注弱势群体。启示:构建政府主导和多方协同的资助模式,创新模式提升资助效率和扩大覆盖范围,确保全流程评估高效分配,推动精准资助公平普及。