Analysis on Residents’ Satisfaction and Its Influencing Factors with Water Environment Management: Based on the Data from Xiaoqing River

Xiaoqing River is one of the key rivers in the Yellow River Basin, and its management satisfaction is the content that the government should consider when formulating policies. This paper concentrates on residents’ satisfaction of water environment management in Jinan section of Xiaoqing River, using questionnaires to find out the problems and effects of Xiaoqing River management. Based on the correlation analysis of the questionnaire data, the results show that five factors including the impact of water pollution, understanding of Xiaoqing River governance, willingness to participate in Xiaoqing River governance, policy publicity, and government regulation have a positive impact on the satisfaction of Xiaoqing River water environment governance. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to increase residents’ satisfaction from five aspects, such as increasing publicity efforts, paying attention to the cultivation of public participation consciousness, etc.

Water Environmental Impact Assessment and Analysis of Foshan Brewery Project

In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the environment. In order to evaluate and better solve the possible environmental impacts of beer treatment engineering projects, a brewery project in Foshan City is taken as an example to investigate the water pollution generation links of the engineering process including surface water and groundwater. According to the relevant technical methods and standards, water pollution factors are screened, and concentration and discharge are monitored. Through comprehensive analysis, predictive evaluation is obtained. It is confirmed that the project meets the requirements of national laws and regulations and environmental protection standards.

APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN THE ANALYSIS OF WATER ENVIRONMENT IN ZHUJIANG RIVER ESTUARY

1. PREFACE Lingdingyang is a trumpet estuary. It accepts the runoff of the Dongjiang River, the Beijiang River, the Zhengjiang River and the Liusihe River. It also accepts a part of the runoff of the Xijiang River. Its mean year runoff is 1.742×10" M^3. In resent ten years, industry and agriculture are developing rapidly in Guangzhou City, Dongguan City, Zhongshan City, Shunde County, Panyu County. Lingdingyang’s pollution is increesing. Water quality of lingdingyang is steadily deteriorated. In order to investigate the situation of water environment of Lingdingyang, we study its static environmental capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus. LANDSAT imageries are used in the study. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous is detected by convention method.

Combinatorial analysis on spatial information statistics for the karst water environment in Guiyang,China

The karst groundwater system is extremely vulnerable and easily contaminated by human activities.To understand the spatial distribution of contaminants in the groundwater of karst urban areas and contributors to the contamination,this paper employs the spatial information statistics analysis theory and method to analyze the karst groundwater environment in Guiyang City.Based on the karst ground water quality data detected in 61 detection points of the research area in the last three years,we made Kriging evaluation isoline map with some ions in the karst groundwater,such as SO4 2-,Fe 3+,Mn 2+and F -,analyzed and evaluated the spatial distribution,extension and variation of four types of ions on the basis of this isoline map.The results of the analysis show that the anomaly areas of SO4 2-,Fe 3+,Mn 2+,Fand other ions are mainly located in Baba’ao,Mawangmiao and Sanqiao in northwestern Gui- yang City as well as in its downtown area by reasons of the original non-point source pollution and the contamination caused by human activities(industrial and domestic pollution).

Safety Evaluation of Water Environment Carrying Capacity of Five Cities in Ningxia Based on Ecological Footprint of Water Resources

[Objectives]To make safety evaluation of water environment carrying capacity of five cities in Ningxia based on ecological footprint of water resources.[Methods]With the help of the grey relational model,15 indicators were selected from the natural,economic,and social aspects,and the most influential factors in the three fields were selected.Based on the concept of ecological priority,the water resources carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia from 2010 to 2019 was calculated with the help of the water resources ecological footprint model.Then,the indicators of the water resources ecological footprint model were coupled with the existing indicators to establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system.Finally,the changes of the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia were analyzed with the help of the principal component analysis(PCA).[Results]The ecological pressure of water resources and the ecological deficit of water resources in the five cities were relatively large.Specifically,Yinchuan City had the most obvious deficit of water resources but good carrying capacity;Zhongwei City had a large ecological deficit of water resources,poor carrying capacity,and the largest ecological pressure index of water resources;Guyuan City had low water resources ecological deficit,water resources ecological carrying capacity and water resources ecological pressure index.[Conclusions]Through the analysis of the coupling indicator system,it can be seen that the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities is in an upward trend,indicating that the water environment in each region tends to become better.

Comprehensive Assessment of Water Environment Carrying Capacity of Yunnan Province

Based on the concept and connotation of water environment carrying capacity, taking Yunnan Province as a case, this paper built water environment carrying capacity evaluation system from the perspectives of water resources, water environment carrying capacity and socio-economic development, and applied the index evaluation model to analyze the trends of water environment carrying capacity in Yunnan from 2006 to 2014. The results showed that, during those years, the evaluation value of water environment carrying capacity ranged from 0.23 to 0.46 in Yunnan Province.The minimum value was 0.23 in 2013, the maximum value was 0.46 in 2010. From 2006 to 2014, the evaluation value of water environment carrying capacity was less than 0.5 in general, and the water environment in a fragile state on the whole.

Sequential Speciation Analysis of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Pipe Scales by Mass Spectrometry

An electrochemical mass spectrometry technique was developed based on a homemade analytical device for sequential analysis of the heavy metals with various speciations in the scales.Four speciations(e.g.,water-soluble speciation,organic speciation,indissoluble speciation and elemental speciation)of heavy metals are sequentially extracted by H_(2)O,CH_(3)OH,EDTA-2Na and electrolysis for online electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS)detection.The method takes significant advantages,such as requiring no tedious offline sample pretreatment,high speed of analysis(20 min),high throughput(multi-metals),good sensitivity(0.5µg/L)and rich chemical information(four speciations).As a result,the rapid comprehensive characterization of four speciations of Pb,Ni,Cu,Zn,Fe,Ba,Mn,Cr and Ca in water pipe scales has been qualitatively achieved.It demonstrated that the present method is a powerful tool for the effective assessment of potential hazards in drinking water,which provides a new analytical idea for evaluating water quality.

Environmental Characteristics of Groundwater:an Application of PCA to Water Chemistry Analysis in Yulin

For our investigation into the water quality in Yulin city, we collected 76 typical water samples to be tested for particle quality. By applying a Romani type classification method the groundwater of Yulin city was classified into nine categories by type, i.e., Ca-HCO3, Na-HCO3, Na-HCO3-SO4-Cl, Na-HCO3-SO4, Na-Cl, Na-Cl-HCO3, Na-Ca- HCO3, Ca-Cl-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3-SO4-Cl. A principal component analysis was carried out in order to analyze the groundwater environment. From this analysis we considered that the information collected could be represented by 21 indices from which we extracted seven principal components, which, respectively, accounted for 37.4%, 13.0%, 8.1%, 7.2%, 6.3%, 5.9% and 4.6% of the total variation. The results show that the groundwater environment of this region is largely determined by characteristic components of the natural groundwater background. One part of the water was polluted by leaching/eluviation of solid waste generated from coal mining. Another part of the ground water was contaminated by acid mine water from the coal layer and from improper irrigation. In addition, geological and hydrogeological conditions also cause changes in the water environment.

Analytical Relevance of Trace Metal Speciation in Environmental and Biophysicochemical Systems

This article presents a review of the analytical relevance of trace metal speciation analysis, which must be considered in environmental and biophysicochemical systems for reliable and efficient assessment and monitoring of trace metals. Examples are given of methodological approaches used for speciation analysis. An overview of speciation analysis in sediments, aquatic ecosystems and agrosystems is also presented.

Coordination of Urbanization and Water Ecological Environment in Shayinghe River Basin,China

During the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China,urban agglomeration in river basin areas raises the problems of over-use of water resources and pollution of the water environment.Related research in China has mainly focused on the conflicts among economic growth,urban expansion and water resource shortages within admin-istrative boundaries.However,water environments are much more dependent on their physical boundaries than their administrative boundaries.Consistent with the nature of water environment,this study aims at analyzing coordination relationships between urban development and water environment changes within physical river basin boundaries.We chose the Shayinghe River Basin,China,as our case study area which is facing serious challenges related to water en-vironment protection.Then we classified 35 county-level administrative units into upstream,midstream and down-stream regions based on their physical characteristics;analyzed the coordination degree of urban agglomeration using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method;and constructed cooperative models using the Linear Programming (LP function) to simulate four scenarios of the coordination relationship be-tween urban population increase and water environment protection based on existing water resources and water pollu-tion data.The results show that the present coordinative situation in Shayinghe River Basin is not sustainable.In gen-eral,more than 50% administrative units are in the bad coordinative situation.In particular,the downstream region is under worse condition than the upstream and midstream regions.Cooperative models in scenario analyses indicate that the population scale set in existing urban master plannings is not coordinated with the water environment protection.To reach the goal of regional sustainable development,the total population needs to be controlled such that it will re-main at 4.5×10 7 or below by 2020 given the capacity of water environment.

Elemental analysis of rain-and fresh water by neutron activation analysis

Analysis of rain-and fresh water for trace constituents is it manda- tory part of environmental monitoring. This text gives a survey of neutron activation analysis (NAA) within the framework of current environmental water research pro- grammes, based on the practice developed in co-operation with the Dutch Energy Research Centre at Petten (ECN). While the procedures reported in literature cover about thirty five elements, our routine procedures of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is limited to ten to fifteen elements. The use of some dedicated ra- diochemical separations (RNAA) adds another six, some of which are speciatcd as well. Current contributions of NAA to water analysis center on determination and speciation of anionic trace elements, notably Br, I, As, and Se, on the assay of some ultra traces like Ag, Au and Hg and on validation.

基于冗余分析的成都市府河缓冲带土地利用对水质的影响

土地利用是影响河流水环境质量的重要因素之一。然而,大型城市河流缓冲区的土地利用类型及组成对河流水质的影响方式仍不清晰。选取成都市中心城区的府河及其支流作为研究对象,设置17个水质监测断面,于2018年1月—2019年12月对COD_(Mn)、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP 3个水质指标开展连续监测。同时,还获得了相同时段内的降水数据和基于高分卫星(GF-1)影像解译的土地利用数据。在此基础上,利用空间分析以及冗余分析方法,探讨河岸缓冲区内土地利用结构、组成对府河及支流水质的影响。研究结果表明:选取河段从上游到下游的COD_(Mn)、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP浓度均呈增加趋势,这3类污染物在上游第一个监测断面浓度依次为1.73、0.26、0.06 mg/L,到下游最后一个监测断面浓度为2.59、0.97、0.15 mg/L。相对于干流,府河支流污染物浓度无明显空间分布特征。从时间上看,6—9月水体中各污染物浓度相对较高。基于冗余分析的结果发现,在河段2 000 m缓冲区范围内的土地利用类型对水质的影响最明显,校正后的解释度达57%,表明河段内污染物质主要源于此区域。该范围内,建设用地与其他生产用地可能是COD_(Mn)与NH_(4)^(+)-N的主要源区,农业用地是TP的主要来源,生态用地对于COD_(Mn)与NH_(4)^(+)-N具有一定的吸收分解作用。但是,研究区生态用地以园林绿化用地为主,需要施用磷肥,可能成为水体TP的重要贡献源。因此,合理规划河流2 000 m缓冲范围内的建设用地与生态用地比例,控制园林绿化用地的施肥用量,是保障成都市城市河流水环境安全的重要途径。

黄河流域水环境问题研究现状、挑战与展望

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是国家重大发展战略,保护黄河是事关中华民族伟大复兴和永续发展的千秋大计.近年来,黄河流域水环境质量明显改善,但有限的水资源和脆弱的生态系统使得黄河流域水环境保护仍面临巨大的挑战.科学诊断黄河流域重大水环境问题是新时期治理黄河的前提和关键.本文围绕黄河流域水环境问题诊断这一主题,聚焦黄河流域断面水质改善的核心需求,首先分析黄河流域水环境现状,发现黄河流域整体水质持续向好,但干支流水质改善不同步,流域主要污染指标时空差异显著,中下游和部分支流污染严重;其次梳理国内外相关研究进展和主要挑战,总结断面水质提升所需的核心理论与技术,如水环境承载力评价、污染排放清单构建与水环境模型模拟等方面的应用与发展趋势,发现黄河流域存在气候变化影响下水沙变化大、现有排放清单分辨率不足、水环境模拟缺乏多尺度污染排放-断面水质响应关系研究等问题,难以支撑未来精细化水环境管理.对黄河流域水环境研究的未来发展进行了展望,建议未来在以下几个方面开展进一步研究,包括气候变化下黄河流域水环境承载力研究、黄河流域高分辨率排放清单构建、多尺度污染排放与断面水质响应关系.

基于SPSS的城市区域地下水变异Factor Analysis过程

对需要大量运算的统计问题,运用SPSS软件可以快速得到演算结果,从而彻底消除重复而单调的过程,研究人员可更多地专注于统计模型的建立。作者建立了城市建设引发城市区域的地下水缓慢变异的模型,调用SPSS的Factor Analysis过程,对城市区域地下水场变异起重要的组分进行提取,以起重要作用的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn组分最少组合来作为评价地下水变异的指标体系。对南宁市区地下水中特征点进行初步定量分析表明,城市区域地下水年变异水平是城市的建设与发展作用的结果,随时间增长变异水平呈增长之势。从历史背景下研究城市区域地下水缓慢变异程度及趋势,对城市地下水演化规律的认识有重要的指导意义。

基于CiteSpace的水环境中汞的研究现状及趋势分析

本研究首次通过CiteSpace分析水环境中汞的研究现状,总结了研究热点和前沿。从中国知网、万方、维普3大中文数据库和Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)检索了2008—2023年与水环境中汞有关的研究,检索到相关文献697篇。使用CiteSpace生成了作者/国家/机构之间的合作网络图谱,获得了关键词共现以及聚类图谱。结果表明:1)论文最高产者所发表的文章为8篇,截至目前尚未形成核心作者团队;2)中国和中国科学院大学是该领域的领先国家和机构,分别发表了450篇和21篇论文;3)研究热点集中在汞离子、甲基汞、沉积物、原子荧光法、吸附以及水生生物。基于CiteSpace的研究结果,发现了国家、机构和作者之间的密切合作。目前主要研究趋势为水环境中汞的检测方法和去除技术,因此,未来应更加重视高性能纳米材料的制备和汞离子监测网络的完善,建立更加完善的汞离子监测预警方法。

基于多元统计分析的姚皋水库水质评估及原因解析

为明确姚皋水库水质的空间变化特征及其主要影响因素,在姚皋水库流域沿岸设置20个采样点,于2022年6月在各个采样点采集一定水样并分析各项水质指标,综合运用多种统计分析的方法,利用因子分析和综合营养指数法来进行水质分析,解析姚皋水库水质的空间变化特征及其主要影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)根据综合营养指数可将姚皋水库水质聚类为4个区域:第1区靠近瓦埠湖路水库南侧和南北两侧大街处;第2区靠近瓦埠湖路水库北侧和泰康街一侧;第3区水库凹面顶点;第4区靠近泰康街最近;(2)采样点位及区域水质均为中度富营养,综合营养指数最高处为第4区域,最低处为第4区域;(3)姚皋水库水体富营养化的主要污染物是氮元素,包括硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、总氮(TN)、总溶解性氮(TDN)、氨氮(NH4+-N),其次是磷元素和叶绿素a(Chl-a);(4)水体中氮、磷元素及叶绿素a浓度均表现为除取水口外,从四周向中间逐渐降低的趋势,主成分分析表明人类活动是造成姚皋水库水质恶化的重要原因,降雨调控对库区水质调节也具有重要影响。

基于水质提升的黄河流域城市尺度问题分析及对策研究

党中央、国务院高度重视黄河流域的保护和发展,习近平总书记多次强调黄河流域必须下大力气进行大保护、大治理.《黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展规划纲要》《黄河流域生态环境保护规划》均明确提出了分区分类推进流域环境保护和治理的要求.本文以城市水环境质量提升为目标,结合统计分析、空间建模分析、地理信息可视化等手段,开展黄河流域城市尺度空间管控对策研究.以黄河流域62个城市为研究对象,采用地理信息系统空间分析技术,通过控制单元边界与地级行政区域界线拟合,将《重点流域水生态环境保护规划》划定的黄河流域58个控制单元进一步划分为163个城市控制子单元.分析了各城市水环境质量状况,筛选出流域内水环境问题较为突出的26个城市;从经济社会发展、水资源管理、水土保持、污染防控等4个方面构建了涵盖7项指标的水环境问题症结研判指标体系,通过空间建模分析,结果表明:(1)在经济社会发展方面包头市、西安市、银川市等城市经济社会发展迅速导致环境保护压力较大.(2)在水资源管理方面巴彦淖尔市、白银市、石嘴山市等城市水资源短缺且开发强度较大.(3)在水土保持方面榆林市、定西市、鄂尔多斯市等城市水土流失较为严重.(4)在污染防控方面兰州市、银川市、吴忠市、吕梁市、榆林市等工业聚集城市工业污染防控压力较大,西安市、安阳市、新乡市等中下游人口大市生活源污染防控压力较大,华北平原的安阳市、新乡市,汾渭平原的渭南市、运城市、临汾市以及宁夏回族自治区河套灌区的吴忠市、中卫市等城市农业污染防控压力较大.同时,针对上述突出水环境问题提出了城市水环境主要管控要点及上下游、左右岸相关城市协同管控建议.研究显示,黄河流域水环境问题较突出的城市主要分布在黄河“几字弯”处的宁夏回族自治区、内蒙古自治区、山西省、陕西省等省份,以上地区还需要在水污染防治、水土保持、水资源管理、产业绿色发展等方面进一步开展工作,推进流域生态环境质量持续改善.

流域水网环境异质性及驱动力分析

【目的】水网结构和类型的产生与多种环境因素相关,对流域水网的环境异质性及驱动力方面的分析,是调整水系结构、合理恢复和保护水网的重要基础工作。【方法】以长江流域、黄河流域、淮河流域和海河流域为研究对象,基于典型水网类型,系统分析对比四大流域的环境异质性。进一步采用Pearson相关性分析、冗余分析、地理探测器分析方法,定量梳理各因子对于水网结构和类型的解释度。【结果】结果表明:网状和混合状水网流域内,坡度为0.0°~5.0°的比例大于55.05%,地形起伏度为0~70 m的比例大于67.98%,土地利用类型多为耕地和人造地表。矩形状、平行状、树枝状和扇状水网流域内,坡度为5.0°~35.0°的比例大于62.42%,地形起伏度为70~500 m的比例大于49.63%,土地利用类型多为耕地、林地和草地。土壤侵蚀强度、降水量、湿润指数、气温和水利设施数量也在不同水网类型中表现出异质性。气候因子与河流弯曲度显著正相关,地形因子、开发程度与水网的密度和流向最大频率均显著负相关。所选因子对四大流域水网结构特征的总解释率达53.47%。【结论】水网结构和类型受到多种因素的综合影响。坡度和湿润指数对水网结构有较大影响,解释率分别为21.40%和16.50%。降水量对水网类型的解释度最高,为16.61%。开发程度和气候因子的交互作用对水网类型的形成有重要影响,解释度接近50%。