In recent years,herbicide sulfometuron-methyl(SM)has been used to kill the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora in some coastal areas of China,which may lead to the toxic effects on non-target marine organisms.The 96-...In recent years,herbicide sulfometuron-methyl(SM)has been used to kill the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora in some coastal areas of China,which may lead to the toxic effects on non-target marine organisms.The 96-h median effective concentrations(96-h EC50)of SM on six species of marine microalgae were measured in growth inhibition tests,and were then compared with other published toxicity data,based on which a method of species sensitivity distribution(SSD)was built to estimate the hazardous concentration of SM for 5%of species(HC5)and potentially affected fraction(PAF)for a certain concentration.Results indicate that SM exhibited a high toxicity to two species of green algae(Chlorella pacifica and Dunaliella salina)with a 96-h EC50 of 0.11 and 0.13 mg/L respectively,had a medium toxicity to two species of golden algae(Diacronema viridis and Isochrysis galbana)with a 96-h EC50 of 14.24 and 21.48 mg/L respectively,and showed a low toxicity to two species of diatoms(Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum)with a 96-h EC50 of 148.99 and>100 mg/L,respectively.The estimated values of HC5 and the predicted no-effect concentrations(PNEC)for SM were 0.077 and 0.015 mg/L,respectively.According to the current dosage for killing S.alterniflora in tidal flats in Fujian Province,China,SM entering the sea by spraying might cause the acute injury or death of 14%of marine species.This hazard could last for about a month for those sensitive species.Therefore,on the premise of inhibiting the growth of this invasive plant,the dosage of SM should be reduced as much as possible to avoid severe damage to the marine ecosystem.The results provide a valuable information for marine ecological risk assessment on SM and for marine environmental management.展开更多
It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from...It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0 (CK), 0.3 mg kg–1 (T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1 (T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed signiifcant difference (P<0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain (BCFs) and transfer factors (TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with signiifcant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribu-tion (SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be iftted wel with Burr-III (R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study.展开更多
Species sensitivity analysis is one of the major techniques applied to derive water quality criteria. Presently, the toxicity data used for development of water quality criteria are mainly in the biological individual...Species sensitivity analysis is one of the major techniques applied to derive water quality criteria. Presently, the toxicity data used for development of water quality criteria are mainly in the biological individual level. With the increase of ecotoxicogenomics toxicity data, it is worth studying whether the gene expression effect data can be used to derive water quality criteria. Taking cadmium, copper and zinc as examples, we analyzed the toxic effects of the three heavy metals by constructing the species sensitivity distribution curves on the basis of extensive toxicity data. The results showed that the rank of species sensitivity for the acute, chronic and gene expression effect toxicity data of cadmium is "chronic>gene>acute". Although the gene expression effect data of copper and zinc are insufficient, the trend of data sensitivity of zinc is similar to cadmium. However, the trend of species sensitivity of copper is different from that of cadmium and zinc with higher sensitivity of gene expression data. It suggested that though the existing data of gene expression effects are not sufficient enough, they have the potential to be used in the development of chronic water quality criteria. For application in the derivation of water quality criteria, illogical test concentration design and insufficient target genes are two main weaknesses in the study of gene expression effects.展开更多
抗生素彻底改变了兽医学和人类医学,被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学发现之一,然而由于其环境持久性和耐药性,它已成为人们普遍关注的新污染物之一。本文在中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方和Web of S cience...抗生素彻底改变了兽医学和人类医学,被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学发现之一,然而由于其环境持久性和耐药性,它已成为人们普遍关注的新污染物之一。本文在中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方和Web of S cience数据库进行系统检索,收集了2023年12月31日前发表的23篇抗生素水质基准相关文献,在此基础上,明确了抗生素水质基准的研究概况,对比了抗生素基准推导结果及所用毒性数据,提出了今后研究的方向及注意事项。主要研究结论如下:在研究对象方面,已推导出淡水生物水质基准的抗生素共计34种,仍有80.00%以上的抗生素待开展相关研究,建议将阿奇霉素、克拉霉素和洛美沙星作为后续研究的首要对象。在推导方法方面,使用物种敏感度分布法(species sensitivity distribution method,SSD法)和评价因子法(assessment factor method,AF法)进行抗生素水质基准推导的频率最高,分别为48.78%和33.33%,基于SSD法和毒性百分数排序法(toxicity percentage ranking method,TPR法)得到的抗生素水质基准值较为接近,建议优先选择SSD法。在毒性数据方面,藻类、无脊椎动物和鱼类是最常用于抗生素毒性测试的3类水生生物,但是在水生生物短期水质基准(short-term water quality criteria,SWQC)推导时使用鱼类毒性数据的频率较长期水质基准(long-term water quality criteria,LWQC)少,LWQC推导时使用的无脊椎动物毒性数据量明显少于推导SWQC,建议加强鱼类的急性毒性研究和无脊椎动物的慢性毒性研究。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077335)。
文摘In recent years,herbicide sulfometuron-methyl(SM)has been used to kill the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora in some coastal areas of China,which may lead to the toxic effects on non-target marine organisms.The 96-h median effective concentrations(96-h EC50)of SM on six species of marine microalgae were measured in growth inhibition tests,and were then compared with other published toxicity data,based on which a method of species sensitivity distribution(SSD)was built to estimate the hazardous concentration of SM for 5%of species(HC5)and potentially affected fraction(PAF)for a certain concentration.Results indicate that SM exhibited a high toxicity to two species of green algae(Chlorella pacifica and Dunaliella salina)with a 96-h EC50 of 0.11 and 0.13 mg/L respectively,had a medium toxicity to two species of golden algae(Diacronema viridis and Isochrysis galbana)with a 96-h EC50 of 14.24 and 21.48 mg/L respectively,and showed a low toxicity to two species of diatoms(Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum)with a 96-h EC50 of 148.99 and>100 mg/L,respectively.The estimated values of HC5 and the predicted no-effect concentrations(PNEC)for SM were 0.077 and 0.015 mg/L,respectively.According to the current dosage for killing S.alterniflora in tidal flats in Fujian Province,China,SM entering the sea by spraying might cause the acute injury or death of 14%of marine species.This hazard could last for about a month for those sensitive species.Therefore,on the premise of inhibiting the growth of this invasive plant,the dosage of SM should be reduced as much as possible to avoid severe damage to the marine ecosystem.The results provide a valuable information for marine ecological risk assessment on SM and for marine environmental management.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271490, 21077131)
文摘It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium (Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd con-centration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0 (CK), 0.3 mg kg–1 (T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1 (T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed signiifcant difference (P<0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain (BCFs) and transfer factors (TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with signiifcant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors (BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribu-tion (SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be iftted wel with Burr-III (R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study.
基金supported by the Great Program of National Water Body Pollution Control and Treatment (Grant No. 2012ZX07501-003-006)Special Project of Revolution Startup of CRAES (Grant No. 2011GQ-02)
文摘Species sensitivity analysis is one of the major techniques applied to derive water quality criteria. Presently, the toxicity data used for development of water quality criteria are mainly in the biological individual level. With the increase of ecotoxicogenomics toxicity data, it is worth studying whether the gene expression effect data can be used to derive water quality criteria. Taking cadmium, copper and zinc as examples, we analyzed the toxic effects of the three heavy metals by constructing the species sensitivity distribution curves on the basis of extensive toxicity data. The results showed that the rank of species sensitivity for the acute, chronic and gene expression effect toxicity data of cadmium is "chronic>gene>acute". Although the gene expression effect data of copper and zinc are insufficient, the trend of data sensitivity of zinc is similar to cadmium. However, the trend of species sensitivity of copper is different from that of cadmium and zinc with higher sensitivity of gene expression data. It suggested that though the existing data of gene expression effects are not sufficient enough, they have the potential to be used in the development of chronic water quality criteria. For application in the derivation of water quality criteria, illogical test concentration design and insufficient target genes are two main weaknesses in the study of gene expression effects.
文摘抗生素彻底改变了兽医学和人类医学,被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学发现之一,然而由于其环境持久性和耐药性,它已成为人们普遍关注的新污染物之一。本文在中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方和Web of S cience数据库进行系统检索,收集了2023年12月31日前发表的23篇抗生素水质基准相关文献,在此基础上,明确了抗生素水质基准的研究概况,对比了抗生素基准推导结果及所用毒性数据,提出了今后研究的方向及注意事项。主要研究结论如下:在研究对象方面,已推导出淡水生物水质基准的抗生素共计34种,仍有80.00%以上的抗生素待开展相关研究,建议将阿奇霉素、克拉霉素和洛美沙星作为后续研究的首要对象。在推导方法方面,使用物种敏感度分布法(species sensitivity distribution method,SSD法)和评价因子法(assessment factor method,AF法)进行抗生素水质基准推导的频率最高,分别为48.78%和33.33%,基于SSD法和毒性百分数排序法(toxicity percentage ranking method,TPR法)得到的抗生素水质基准值较为接近,建议优先选择SSD法。在毒性数据方面,藻类、无脊椎动物和鱼类是最常用于抗生素毒性测试的3类水生生物,但是在水生生物短期水质基准(short-term water quality criteria,SWQC)推导时使用鱼类毒性数据的频率较长期水质基准(long-term water quality criteria,LWQC)少,LWQC推导时使用的无脊椎动物毒性数据量明显少于推导SWQC,建议加强鱼类的急性毒性研究和无脊椎动物的慢性毒性研究。
