Modulation of Electrochemical Oscillations by Specific Adsorption of Cl- during the Electrooxidation of Methanol on Pt Electrode

Potential oscillation during the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol can be modulated by the specific adsorption of Cl- on the platinum electrode, which suppresses the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, and makes the cross cycle in the cyclic voltammogram become smaller and finally disappear with the increase of Cl- concentration. The method is also applicable to the electrocatalytic oxidation of other small organic molecules.

Specific Adsorption and Its Mechanisms of Rare Earth Elements by Soils and Oxides

There have been many studies on the adsorption-desorption behavior of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Cd and Pb by soils in China and abroad, and their adsorption mechanisms have also been sought. The above research has demonstrated that the synthetic or soil oxides like Fe, Mn and Al oxides adsorb heavy metals specifically and their specific adsorption is greatly affected by the ambient pH. The proposed mechanisms for explaining the above phenomena are as follows: ion hydrolysis-adsorption, outer or in-

Effect of specifically-adsorbed polysulfides on the electron transfer kinetics of sodium metal anodes

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur(RT Na-S)batteries hold great promise for large-scale energy storage applications owing to the high energy density and earth-abundance of Na and S.However,the dissolution and migration of sodium polysulfides,uncontrollable Na dendrite growth,and the lack of studies on Na electrodeposition kinetics have hindered the development of these batteries.Herein,we reveal the mechanism of sodium polysulfides on the Na plating/stripping kinetics using a three-electrode system.First,the kinetic behavior deviates from the commonly supposed Butler-Volmer model,which is well described by the Marcus model.In addition,the specific adsorption of polysulfides on the sodium electrode surface is a key factor influencing the kinetics.Higher-order polysulfides(S_(8)^(2-)and S_(6)^(2-))exhibit distinct specific adsorption behaviors because of their high adsorption energies compared to lower-order polysulfides(S_(4)^(2-)and S_(2)^(2-)).The electrostatic effect caused by specific adsorption can accelerate the kinetics,whereas the blocking effect can slow the kinetics.Thus,this competitive relationship enables low concentrations of high-order polysulfides to stimulate kinetics.This implies that a weak shuttle effect is beneficial for obtaining a stable Na deposition in RT Na-S batteries.An in-depth understanding of the Na electrodeposition kinetics provides beneficial clues for future metal sodium/electrolyte interface designs.

Adsorption of Anthraquinone Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Penicillium Terrestre

Penicillium terrestre was used for removing four anthraquinone dyes from aqueous solution. The experiments were performed in Erlenmeyer flasks and spore suspension was used for inoculation. The results show that the mechanism of dye removal by penicillium terrestre is biosorption and the growing pellets exhibit higher adsorptive capacity than the resting or dead ones. The maximum removals of disperse blue 2BLN, reactive brilliant blue KN-R, acid anthraquinone blue and bromamine acid at the concentration of 120 mg/L by biosorptionof growing pellets are 10096, 100%, 96% and 91%, respectively. The 100.0% and 91.4% KN-R removals are achieved respectively at the much higher concentration of 250 and 400 mg/L. 2.5 g/L glucose is sufficient for 100% KN-R removal by growing pellets. Salinity （NaCl） increase from 0 to 2% （W/ V） moderately accelerates both mycelium growth and KN-R removal.

Characteristics of phosphorus adsorption by sediment mineral matrices with different particle sizes

The particle size of sediment is one of the main factors that influence the phosphorus physical adsorption on sediment. In order to eliminate the effect of other components of sediment on the phosphorus physical adsorption, the sediment mineral matrices were obtained by removing inorganic matter, metal oxides, and organic matter from natural sediments, which were collected from the Nantong reach of the Yangtze River. The results show that an exponential relationship exists between the median particle size （Ds0） and specific surface area （Sg） of the sediment mineral matrices, and the fine sediment mineral matrix sample has a larger specific surface area and pore volume than the coarse sediment particles. The kinetic equations were used to describe the phosphorus adsorption process of the sediment mineral matrices, including the Elovich equation, quasi-first-order adsorption kinetic equation, and quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic equation. The results show that the quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic equation has the best fitting effect. Using the mass conservation and Langmuir adsorption kinetic equations, a formula was deduced to calculate the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the sediment mineral matrices. The results of this study show that the phosphorus adsorption capacity decreases with the increase of Ds0, indicating that the specific surface area and pore volume are the main factors in determining the phosphorus adsorption capacity of the sediment mineral matrices. This study will help understand the important role of sediment in the transformation of phosphorus in aquatic environments.

Microfluidic synthesis of thiourea modified chitosan microsphere of high specific surface area for heavy metal wastewater treatment

An improved biosorbent of thiourea modified chitosan microsphere（TMCM） with high specific surface,favorable mechanical strength and excellent adsorption performance had been synthesized via microfluidic technology. Polyethylene glycol was used as a significant component added in aqueous solution of chitosan to produce such microspheres through droplets forming, chemical crosslinking and pores creating. For the improvement of adsorption capacity, thiourea was considered as an excellent choice in increasing amino functional group by graft modification. The SEM, FTIR and EDS were employed to detect distinct features of TMCM. Copper（Ⅱ） was used to test the adsorption performance of TMCM. The experimental results indicated that TMCM exhibited higher adsorption capacity（q_e= 60.6 mg g_（-1）） and faster adsorption rate than that non-modified chitosan microsphere（NMCM）.The adsorption kinetic was described well by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, which suggested that chemical adsorption along with electrons transferring was dominant in adsorption process.