The prevention,early discovery and effective treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain a global medical challenge.At present,HCC is still mainly treated by surgery,supplemented by vascular emboliz...The prevention,early discovery and effective treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain a global medical challenge.At present,HCC is still mainly treated by surgery,supplemented by vascular embolization,radio frequency,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and biotherapy.The application of multikinase inhibitor sorafenib,chimeric antigen receptor T cells,or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can prolong the median survival of HCC patients.However,the treatment efficacy is still unsatisfactory due to HCC metastasis and postoperative recurrence.During the process of hepatocyte malignant transformation,HCC tissues can express and secrete many types of specific biomarkers,or oncogenic antigen molecules into blood,for example,alpha-fetoprotein,glypican-3,Wnt3a(one of the key signaling molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway),insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-II or IGF-I receptor,vascular endothelial growth factor,secretory clusterin and so on.In addition,combining immunotherapy with noncoding RNAs might improve anti-cancer efficacy.These biomarkers not only contribute to HCC diagnosis or prognosis,but may also become molecular targets for HCC therapy under developing or clinical trials.This article reviews the progress in emerging biomarkers in basic research or clinical trials for HCC immunotherapy.展开更多
The prevention and early diagnosis of liver cancer remains a global medical challenge.During the malignant transformation of hepatocytes,a variety of oncogenic cellular signalling molecules,such as novel high mobility...The prevention and early diagnosis of liver cancer remains a global medical challenge.During the malignant transformation of hepatocytes,a variety of oncogenic cellular signalling molecules,such as novel high mobility group-Box 3,angiopoietin-2,Golgi protein 73,glypican-3,Wnt3a(a signalling molecule in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway),and secretory clusterin,can be expressed and secreted into the blood.These signalling molecules are derived from different signalling pathways and may not only participate in the malignant transformation of hepatocytes but also become early diagnostic indicators of hepatocarcinogenesis or specific targeted molecules for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.This article reviews recent progress in the study of several signalling molecules as sensitive biomarkers for monitoring hepatocarcinogenesis.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 84673241, No. 81873915 and No. 31872738Nantong S&T Development Plan,No. MS12020021, and No. MS12019016
文摘The prevention,early discovery and effective treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain a global medical challenge.At present,HCC is still mainly treated by surgery,supplemented by vascular embolization,radio frequency,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and biotherapy.The application of multikinase inhibitor sorafenib,chimeric antigen receptor T cells,or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can prolong the median survival of HCC patients.However,the treatment efficacy is still unsatisfactory due to HCC metastasis and postoperative recurrence.During the process of hepatocyte malignant transformation,HCC tissues can express and secrete many types of specific biomarkers,or oncogenic antigen molecules into blood,for example,alpha-fetoprotein,glypican-3,Wnt3a(one of the key signaling molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway),insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-II or IGF-I receptor,vascular endothelial growth factor,secretory clusterin and so on.In addition,combining immunotherapy with noncoding RNAs might improve anti-cancer efficacy.These biomarkers not only contribute to HCC diagnosis or prognosis,but may also become molecular targets for HCC therapy under developing or clinical trials.This article reviews the progress in emerging biomarkers in basic research or clinical trials for HCC immunotherapy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81673241 and No.31872738Nantong Infectious Disease Alliance Fund,No.202308001.
文摘The prevention and early diagnosis of liver cancer remains a global medical challenge.During the malignant transformation of hepatocytes,a variety of oncogenic cellular signalling molecules,such as novel high mobility group-Box 3,angiopoietin-2,Golgi protein 73,glypican-3,Wnt3a(a signalling molecule in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway),and secretory clusterin,can be expressed and secreted into the blood.These signalling molecules are derived from different signalling pathways and may not only participate in the malignant transformation of hepatocytes but also become early diagnostic indicators of hepatocarcinogenesis or specific targeted molecules for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.This article reviews recent progress in the study of several signalling molecules as sensitive biomarkers for monitoring hepatocarcinogenesis.
