For the evaluation of structures with known ductility demands,the constant-ductility displacement ratio spectra(CDDRS) are particularly useful for providing inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral in...For the evaluation of structures with known ductility demands,the constant-ductility displacement ratio spectra(CDDRS) are particularly useful for providing inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral inelastic displacement demands from maximum elastic displacement demands.The CDDRS are computed for single-degree-of-freedom systems(SDOF) by considering or ignoring P-Δ effect for different ductility levels when subjected to 344 earthquake ground motions recorded in four site classes.The modified expressions of CDDRS for P-Δ effect are proposed.It is concluded that the P-Δ effect on CDDRS is significant,and the effect increases with the increase of ductility level.In the long-period region,the CDDRS ignoring P-Δ effect almost conforms to the equal-displacement rule.But in the case of higher ductility level,the CDDRS considering P-Δ effect are much higher than 1.0,which do not conform to the equal-displacement rule.展开更多
The microstructure of aqueous CuCl2 has been studied through lots of technologies for many years; however, it remains a controversial subject. In this study, a new spectroscopic method has been proposed to analyze the...The microstructure of aqueous CuCl2 has been studied through lots of technologies for many years; however, it remains a controversial subject. In this study, a new spectroscopic method has been proposed to analyze the UV-visible spectra of thin fihn of CuCl2/H2O solutions at different concentrations. This method is the combination of ratio spectra, difference spectra and second order difference spectra. By using this method, two new bands at -230 and -380 nm are obviously observed. The bands are assigned as the contacted ion pairs [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2-, which demonstrates that ion pairs exist in the CuCl2/H2O solution. Such finding agrees with the recent theoretical spectra obtained by time-dependent density functional theory. Furthermore, the populations of the contacted ion pairs are discussed. This study not only offers the direct spectroscopic evidence of [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2- in aqueous CuCl2, but also suggests that the spec- troscopic analysis method is powerful to extract the weak bands in a strong overlapping spectrum.展开更多
The constitution of high-caustic ratio and highly concentrated sodium aluminate solutions has been investigated by Raman spectra method.By comparison with the Raman spectra of crystalline solids of Ca_3[Al(OH)_6]_2 an...The constitution of high-caustic ratio and highly concentrated sodium aluminate solutions has been investigated by Raman spectra method.By comparison with the Raman spectra of crystalline solids of Ca_3[Al(OH)_6]_2 and Ba_2[Al_2(OH)_(10)],it can be concluded that AI(OH)_6^(3-)ion and perhaps its polymers may be formed in these solutions.展开更多
To extract vegetation pigment concentration and physiological status has been studied in two test areas covered with swamp and flourish vegetation using pushbroom hyperspectral imager (PHI) data which flied in Septemb...To extract vegetation pigment concentration and physiological status has been studied in two test areas covered with swamp and flourish vegetation using pushbroom hyperspectral imager (PHI) data which flied in September of 2000 at Daxing'anling district of Heilongjiang Province, China. The ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS) indices, which were put forward by Chappelle et al (1992), are chosen in this paper owing to their effect and simpleness against both comparison with various methods and techniques for exploration of pigment concentration and characteristics of PHI data. The correlation coefficients between RARS indices and pigment concentration of vegetation were up to 0.8. The new RARS indices modes are established in the two test areas using both PHI data and spectra of different vegetations measured in the field. The indices' parameter images of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoids (Cars) of the test areas covered with swamp and flourish vegetation are acquired by the new RARS indices modes. Furthermore, the regional concentration of Chl a and Chl b are extracted and quantified using regression equations between RARS indices and pigment concentrations, which were built by Blackburn (1998). The results showed the physiological status and variety clearly, and are in good agreement with the distribution of vegetation in the field.展开更多
光纤的焦比退化(focal ratio degradation)是光纤光谱效率损失的重要原因之一。光纤在安装和每次定位过程中,光纤的转动和扭曲会引起光纤焦比退化发生变化,从而改变光纤的传输效率,每根光纤由此造成的传输效率变化都会存在差异。而这样...光纤的焦比退化(focal ratio degradation)是光纤光谱效率损失的重要原因之一。光纤在安装和每次定位过程中,光纤的转动和扭曲会引起光纤焦比退化发生变化,从而改变光纤的传输效率,每根光纤由此造成的传输效率变化都会存在差异。而这样的效率差异无法用通常天文观测中使用的晨昏天光平场或者圆顶平场改正。减天光是光纤光谱数据处理中决定光谱质量的重要环节。减天光处理要求对不同光纤的传输效率进行归一化处理,以扣除不同光纤之间传输效率差异导致的天光背景测量的误差。对于与天光背景亮度接近乃至更暗的观测目标而言,光纤传输效率的改正精度决定了减天光的精度。测试了LAMOST望远镜光纤转动对光纤传输效率的影响情况。在检查了光谱中天光发射线强度与光纤传输效率的关系,和验证了光纤效率变化与波长变化相对独立的基础上,提出并且证实了通过测量各光纤中天光发射线强度作为光纤相对效率变化量来改正光纤效率差异的方法是可行的。这种方法已经被应用到LAMOST二维光谱处理当中。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90815014,50608024)Opening Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Foundation(Grant No.2007001)Opening Laboratory of Seismic Control and Structural Safety Foundation(Grant No.0808)
文摘For the evaluation of structures with known ductility demands,the constant-ductility displacement ratio spectra(CDDRS) are particularly useful for providing inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral inelastic displacement demands from maximum elastic displacement demands.The CDDRS are computed for single-degree-of-freedom systems(SDOF) by considering or ignoring P-Δ effect for different ductility levels when subjected to 344 earthquake ground motions recorded in four site classes.The modified expressions of CDDRS for P-Δ effect are proposed.It is concluded that the P-Δ effect on CDDRS is significant,and the effect increases with the increase of ductility level.In the long-period region,the CDDRS ignoring P-Δ effect almost conforms to the equal-displacement rule.But in the case of higher ductility level,the CDDRS considering P-Δ effect are much higher than 1.0,which do not conform to the equal-displacement rule.
文摘The microstructure of aqueous CuCl2 has been studied through lots of technologies for many years; however, it remains a controversial subject. In this study, a new spectroscopic method has been proposed to analyze the UV-visible spectra of thin fihn of CuCl2/H2O solutions at different concentrations. This method is the combination of ratio spectra, difference spectra and second order difference spectra. By using this method, two new bands at -230 and -380 nm are obviously observed. The bands are assigned as the contacted ion pairs [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2-, which demonstrates that ion pairs exist in the CuCl2/H2O solution. Such finding agrees with the recent theoretical spectra obtained by time-dependent density functional theory. Furthermore, the populations of the contacted ion pairs are discussed. This study not only offers the direct spectroscopic evidence of [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2- in aqueous CuCl2, but also suggests that the spec- troscopic analysis method is powerful to extract the weak bands in a strong overlapping spectrum.
文摘The constitution of high-caustic ratio and highly concentrated sodium aluminate solutions has been investigated by Raman spectra method.By comparison with the Raman spectra of crystalline solids of Ca_3[Al(OH)_6]_2 and Ba_2[Al_2(OH)_(10)],it can be concluded that AI(OH)_6^(3-)ion and perhaps its polymers may be formed in these solutions.
文摘To extract vegetation pigment concentration and physiological status has been studied in two test areas covered with swamp and flourish vegetation using pushbroom hyperspectral imager (PHI) data which flied in September of 2000 at Daxing'anling district of Heilongjiang Province, China. The ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS) indices, which were put forward by Chappelle et al (1992), are chosen in this paper owing to their effect and simpleness against both comparison with various methods and techniques for exploration of pigment concentration and characteristics of PHI data. The correlation coefficients between RARS indices and pigment concentration of vegetation were up to 0.8. The new RARS indices modes are established in the two test areas using both PHI data and spectra of different vegetations measured in the field. The indices' parameter images of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoids (Cars) of the test areas covered with swamp and flourish vegetation are acquired by the new RARS indices modes. Furthermore, the regional concentration of Chl a and Chl b are extracted and quantified using regression equations between RARS indices and pigment concentrations, which were built by Blackburn (1998). The results showed the physiological status and variety clearly, and are in good agreement with the distribution of vegetation in the field.
文摘光纤的焦比退化(focal ratio degradation)是光纤光谱效率损失的重要原因之一。光纤在安装和每次定位过程中,光纤的转动和扭曲会引起光纤焦比退化发生变化,从而改变光纤的传输效率,每根光纤由此造成的传输效率变化都会存在差异。而这样的效率差异无法用通常天文观测中使用的晨昏天光平场或者圆顶平场改正。减天光是光纤光谱数据处理中决定光谱质量的重要环节。减天光处理要求对不同光纤的传输效率进行归一化处理,以扣除不同光纤之间传输效率差异导致的天光背景测量的误差。对于与天光背景亮度接近乃至更暗的观测目标而言,光纤传输效率的改正精度决定了减天光的精度。测试了LAMOST望远镜光纤转动对光纤传输效率的影响情况。在检查了光谱中天光发射线强度与光纤传输效率的关系,和验证了光纤效率变化与波长变化相对独立的基础上,提出并且证实了通过测量各光纤中天光发射线强度作为光纤相对效率变化量来改正光纤效率差异的方法是可行的。这种方法已经被应用到LAMOST二维光谱处理当中。
