SPECTRAL VARIATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW VALENCY RARE EARTH IONS IN COMPLEX OXIDESⅢ.EFFECT OF THE CRYSTAL ENVIRONMENT AND CHEMICAL FACTORS ON LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF EUROPIUM (Ⅱ) ION

In this paper,the influence of crystal-field on the Luminescence properties of Eu^(2+) in complex oxides are studied theoretically by using purely electrostatic model,the dependence of the 4f^65d levels on Eu-O bond distance is given.Quantum chemistry calculation shows that the splitting extent of 4f^65d energy band in cubic or in octahedral fields will be inversely proportional to R^5,where R is the distance of Eu^(2+) to oxygen ligand.The value of R affects slightly the location of the centre of 4f^65d energy band.According to the exper- imental spectrum data,we have discussed the influence of the host chemical composition,the replaced sites of Eu^(2+) and degree of covalency of Eu-O bond on luminescence properties of Eu^(2+).Some regularity of fluorescence spectrum was observed. In alkali-alkaline earth-phosphates,the splitting extent of 4f^65d band (△E) becomes smaller as the Eu-O bond distance (R) increases.In Na_(3-x)(PO_4)_(1-x)(SO_4)_x and Na_(2-x)CaSi_(1-x)P_xO_4 hosts,d-d emission peak of Eu^(2+) will shift to shorter wavelength with the increase of x's value. The crystal structure data show that Eu^(2+) in K_2Mg_2(SO_4)_3 is affected more strongly by crystal-field and covalancy than in KMgF_3,so K_2Mg_2(SO_4)_3:Eu^(2+) emits blue light (E_(em)~m=400nm) and KMgF_3:Eu^(2+) produces ultraviolet fluorescence.

Spectral variations of Ca_3Sc_2Si_3O_(12):Ce phosphors via substitution and energy transfer

The huninescence intensity of emission peak at around 525 nm decreased in the Ce3＋ and Er3＋ co-doped Ca3Sc2Si3012 phosphors. Mg2＋ ion, which was likely incorporated into the Sc3＋ position of the host crystal, was co-doped to adjust the crystal field and compensate for the excess positive charge due to the doping of Ce3＋, The green emission belonged to the 5d→4f transition of Ce3＋ moved toward longer wavelength by addition of Mg2＋ in Ce3＋ and Er3＋ co-doped Ca3Sc2Si3012 phosphor, which could increase the brightness of the phosphor. However, the position of weakening of luminescence intensity at around 525 nm remained basically unchanged by increasing the amount of Mg2＋. The results showed that the weakening of luminescence intensity at around 525 nm caused by the absorption of E3＋, which had little influence on the environment of the crystal field.

Seismic ground motion variations resulting from site conditions

Amplification of seismic ground motions in the territory of Almaty city is evaluated by using different methods. The pattern and probable causes of ground motion variations in different engineering-geological conditions are characterized. An expeditious application of these techniques within a complex methodical approach for Almaty city microzonation is considered.

Under-ice ambient noise in the Arctic Ocean: observations at the long-term ice station

Under-ice ambient noise in the Arctic Ocean is studied using the data recorded by autonomous hydrophones at the long-term ice station during the 9th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition.Time-frequency analysis of two 7-s-long ice-induced noise samples shows that both ice collision and ice breaking noise have many outliers in the time-domain(impulsive characteristic)and abundant frequency components in the frequency-domain.Ice collision noise lasts for several seconds while the duration of ice breaking noise is much shorter(i.e.,less than tens of milliseconds).Gaussian distribution and symmetric alpha stable(sαs)distribution are used in this paper to fit the impulsive under-ice noise.The sαs distribution can achieve better performance as it can track the heavy tails of impulsive noise while Gaussian distribution fails.This paper also analyzes the meteorological variables during the under-ice noise observation experiment and deduces that the impulsive ambient noise was caused by the combined force of high wind speed and increasing atmosphere temperature on the ice canopy.The Pearson correlation coefficients between long-term power spectral density variations of under-ice ambient noise and meteorological variables are also studied in this paper.

Notes on the Norm Estimates for the Sum of Two Matrices

This is a lecture note of my joint work with Chi-Kwong Li concerning various results on the norm structure of n 2 n matrices (as Hilbert-space operators). The main result says that the triangle inequality serves as the ultimate norm estimate for the upper bounds of summation of two matrices. In the case of summation of two normal matrices, the result turns out to be a norm estimate in terms of the spectral variation for normal matrices.