EDS成分分析法在电气熔痕鉴定中的应用

EDS成分分析法是微量物证鉴定的常用方法,具有灵敏度高、操作简单快速等特点,在纤维、金属、玻璃、油漆及纸张等各类微量物证的鉴定中有着广泛的应用。在火灾痕迹物证鉴定领域,EDS成分分析法已成为重要方法之一。通过探讨三起采用EDS成分分析法对电气熔痕进行鉴定的实例,提出在火灾现场物证取样、熔痕鉴定和鉴定意见运用等方面的注意事项。

给定控制数的连通图的最大EDS极图

图G的偏心距离和(EDS)定义为ξ^(d)(G)=∑_(v∈V)ε_(G)(v)D_(G)(v),其中ε_(G)(v)是顶点v的偏心率,D_(G)(v)是顶点v到G中其它所有顶点的距离之和.通过研究图的EDS,给出了Miao等猜想的一个更简单的证明,确定了给定控制数的连通图的最大EDS极图.

An inversely designed integrated spectrometer with reconfigurable performance and ultra-low power consumption

Despite the pressing demand for integrated spectrometers,a solution that deliver high-performance while being practically operated is still missing.Furthermore,current integrated spectrometers lack reconfigurability in their performance,which is highly desirable for dynamic working scenarios.This study presents a viable solution by demonstrating a userfriendly,reconfigurable spectrometer on silicon.At the core of this innovative spectrometer is a programmable photonic circuit capable of exhibiting diverse spectral responses,which can be significantly adjusted using on-chip phase shifters.The distinguishing feature of our spectrometer lies in its inverse design approach,facilitating effortless control and efficient manipulation of the programmable circuit.By eliminating the need for intricate configuration,our design reduces power consumption and mitigates control complexity.Additionally,our reconfigurable spectrometer offers two distinct operating conditions.In the Ultra-High-Performance mode,it is activated by multiple phase-shifters and achieves exceptional spectral resolution in the picometer scale while maintaining broad bandwidth.On the other hand,the Ease-of-Use mode further simplifies the control logic and reduces power consumption by actuating a single-phase shifter.Although this mode provides a slightly degraded spectral resolution of approximately 0.3 nm,it prioritizes ease of use and is wellsuited for applications where ultra-fine spectral reconstruction is not a primary requirement.

Optimized online filter stack spectrometer for ultrashort X-ray pulses

Currently,with the advent of high-repetition-rate laser-plasma experiments,the demand for online diagnosis for the X-ray spectrum is increasing because the laser-plasma-generated X-ray spectrum is very important for characterizing electron dynamics and applications.In this study,scintillators and silicon PIN(P-type–intrinsic-N-type semiconductor)diodes were used to construct a wideband online filter stack spectrometer.The X-ray sensor and filter arrangement was optimized using a genetic algorithm to minimize the condition number of the response matrix.Consequently,the unfolding error was significantly reduced based on numerical experiments.The detector responses were quantitatively calibrated by irradiating the scintillator and PIN diode with various nuclides and comparing the measuredγ-ray peaks.A prototype 15-channel spectrometer was developed by integrating an X-ray detector with front-and back-end electronics.The prototype spectrometer could record X-ray pulse signals at a repetition rate of 1 kHz.Furthermore,an optimized spectrometer was employed to record the real-time spectra of laser-driven bremsstrahlung sources.This optimized spectrometer offers a compact solution for spectrum diagnostics of ultrashort X-ray pulses,exhibiting improved accuracy in terms of spectrum measurements and repetition rates,and could be widely used in next-generation high-repetition-rate high-power laser facilities.

Design and implementation of the monochromator shielding for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA

An innovative monochromator shielding is designed and implemented for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA operated by Renmin University of China at China Advanced Research Reactor.Via Monte Carlo simulations and careful mechanical designs,a shielding configuration has been successfully developed to satisfy safety requirements of below 3μSv/h dose rate at its exterior,meanwhile fulfilling space,floor load and nonmagnetic requirements.Composite materials are utilized to form the sandwich-type shielding walls:the inner layer of boron carbide rubber,the middle layer of steel-encased lead and the outer layer of borated polyethylene.Special-shaped liftable shielding blocks are incorporated to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the neutron energy while preventing radiation leakage.Our work has demonstrated that by utilizing composite shielding materials,along with the sandwich structure and liftable shielding blocks,a compact and lightweight shielding solution can be achieved.This enables the realization of advanced neutron scattering instruments that provide expanded space of measurement,larger energy and momentum coverage,and higher flux on the sample.This shielding represents the first of its kind in neutron scattering instruments in China.Following its successful operation,it has been subsequently employed by other neutron instruments across the country.

A seven-crystal spectrometer for high-energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

A Johann-type X-ray spectrometer was successfully developed at the hard X-ray branch(in-vacuum undulator with a 24-mm periodic length)of the energy material beamline(E-line)at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF).This spectrometer was utilized to implement X-ray emission spectroscopy(XES),high-energy resolution fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy(HERFD-XAS),and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering.Seven spherically bent crystals were positioned on the respective vertical 500-mm-diameter Rowland circles,adopting an area detector to increase the solid angle to 1.75%of 4πsr,facilitating the study of low-concentrate systems under complex reaction conditions.Operated under the atmosphere pressure,the spectrometer covers the energy region from 3.5 to 18 keV,with the Bragg angle ranging from 73°to 86°during vertical scanning.It offers a promised energy resolution of sub-eV(XES)and super-eV(HERFD-XAS).Generally,these comprehensive core-level spectroscopy methods based on hard X-rays at the E-line with an extremely high photon flux can meet the crucial requirements of a green energy strategy.Moreover,they provide substantial support for scientific advances in fundamental research.

Mid-infrared Optical Frequency Comb-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer for Broadband Molecular Spectroscopy

Optical frequency combbased Fourier transform spectroscopy has the features of broad spectral bandwidth,high sensitivity,andmultiplexed trace gas detection,which has valuable application potential in the fields of precision spectroscopy and trace gas detection.Here,we report the development of a mid-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer based on an optical frequency comb combined with a Herriott-type multipass cell.Using this instrument,the broadband absorption spectra of several important molecules,including methane,acetylene,water molecules and nitrous oxide,are measured by near real-time data acquisition in the 2800-3500 cm^(-1)spectral region.The achieved minimum detectable absorption of the instrument is 4.4×10^(-8)cm^(-1)·Hz^(-1/2)per spectral element.Broadband spectra of H_(2)0 are fited using the Voigt profile multispectral fitting technique and the consistency of the concentration inversion is 1%.Our system also enables precise spectroscopic measurements,and it allows the determination of the spectral line positions and upper state constants of N_(2)O in the(0002)-(1000)band,with results in good agreement with those reported by Toth[Appl.Opt.30,5289(1991)].

Artificial neural network-based method for discriminating Compton scattering events in high-purity germaniumγ-ray spectrometer

To detect radioactive substances with low activity levels,an anticoincidence detector and a high-purity germanium(HPGe)detector are typically used simultaneously to suppress Compton scattering background,thereby resulting in an extremely low detection limit and improving the measurement accuracy.However,the complex and expensive hardware required does not facilitate the application or promotion of this method.Thus,a method is proposed in this study to discriminate the digital waveform of pulse signals output using an HPGe detector,whereby Compton scattering background is suppressed and a low minimum detectable activity(MDA)is achieved without using an expensive and complex anticoincidence detector and device.The electric-field-strength and energy-deposition distributions of the detector are simulated to determine the relationship between pulse shape and energy-deposition location,as well as the characteristics of energy-deposition distributions for fulland partial-energy deposition events.This relationship is used to develop a pulse-shape-discrimination algorithm based on an artificial neural network for pulse-feature identification.To accurately determine the relationship between the deposited energy of gamma(γ)rays in the detector and the deposition location,we extract four shape parameters from the pulse signals output by the detector.Machine learning is used to input the four shape parameters into the detector.Subsequently,the pulse signals are identified and classified to discriminate between partial-and full-energy deposition events.Some partial-energy deposition events are removed to suppress Compton scattering.The proposed method effectively decreases the MDA of an HPGeγ-energy dispersive spectrometer.Test results show that the Compton suppression factors for energy spectra obtained from measurements on ^(152)Eu,^(137)Cs,and ^(60)Co radioactive sources are 1.13(344 keV),1.11(662 keV),and 1.08(1332 keV),respectively,and that the corresponding MDAs are 1.4%,5.3%,and 21.6%lower,respectively.

An empirical method for joint inversion of wave and wind parameters based on SAR and wave spectrometer data

Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)and wave spectrometers,crucial in microwave remote sensing,play an essential role in monitoring sea surface wind and wave conditions.However,they face inherent limitations in observing sea surface phenomena.SAR systems,for instance,are hindered by an azimuth cut-off phenomenon in sea surface wind field observation.Wave spectrometers,while unaffected by the azimuth cutoff phenomenon,struggle with low azimuth resolution,impacting the capture of detailed wave and wind field data.This study utilizes SAR and surface wave investigation and monitoring(SWIM)data to initially extract key feature parameters,which are then prioritized using the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)algorithm.The research further addresses feature collinearity through a combined analysis of feature importance and correlation,leading to the development of an inversion model for wave and wind parameters based on XGBoost.A comparative analysis of this model with ERA5 reanalysis and buoy data for of significant wave height,mean wave period,wind direction,and wind speed reveals root mean square errors of 0.212 m,0.525 s,27.446°,and 1.092 m/s,compared to 0.314 m,0.888 s,27.698°,and 1.315 m/s from buoy data,respectively.These results demonstrate the model’s effective retrieval of wave and wind parameters.Finally,the model,incorporating altimeter and scatterometer data,is evaluated against SAR/SWIM single and dual payload inversion methods across different wind speeds.This comparison highlights the model’s superior inversion accuracy over other methods.

SEM-EDS结合结垢趋势模拟软件在反渗透膜污堵原因分析中的应用

回用水系统中,反渗透膜的污堵问题经常发生。而污堵的原因常常难以确定,进而导致无法从根本上解决污堵问题。详细阐述了先利用SEM-EDS分析反渗透膜微观结构污堵情况和污堵物元素分布,确定污堵物主要成分,再利用结垢趋势模拟软件模拟出反渗透系统最佳运行条件,从而解决反渗透膜污堵问题的过程和方法。从实际应用案例来看,SEM-EDS结合结垢趋势模拟软件可以快速准确的找到膜系统污堵原因,并从根本上解决污堵问题。

Determination of Egg Shell Structure and Mineral Composition Using SEM-EDS and Identification the Possibility to Produce Fertilizer

Throwing out egg shells without using them depreciates a vital source of calcium. As an egg shell contains twice the amount of calcium a person needs a day, it is considered as the richest source of calcium of natural origin. Egg shells have been traditionally and widely used in medicine, beauty science and food production for decades. In spite of that, there is a lack of new solutions that profoundly study mineral elements and beneficial components contained in egg shells for further usage as a product. Assuming we consume 2 eggs a day, the yearly consumption for a person is 730 eggs. As beneficial component, the egg shell structure and mineral elements, were determined in 3 types of samples (Mongolian eggs, Russian eggs, and iodized eggs) by SEM-EDS (Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy), a state-of-the-art research method. Consequently, it was established that egg shells consists of Ca (72.6% - 85.7%), Mg (2.7% - 4.5%), Si (0.3% - 0.6%), P (7.0% - 18.1%), S (0.5% - 2.0%), K (0.4% - 0.9%), I (2.6% - 3.0%), respectively. Additionally, the D3.8 × 120, 250, 500, and 1000 times zoomed images of shell structure (SEM) of each sample were examined, and the results were compared and evaluated. The reverse titration method examination has demonstrated that the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content in egg shells is 91% - 92.5%, and pH is 8.41 - 8.75. Ultimately, fertilizer containing 97.7% Ca without chemical additives has been extracted by grounding the eggshells to 4.4 μm, then preparing the mixture at the rate of 20:0.5 (shell: mix, enriched with mandarin and lemon peel) and adjusting its pH to 7.5 - 8.0. Further research on the impact of fertilizer on growing process of indoor flowers has been commenced.

Comparison of Chemical Elements on Carious &Normal Premolar’s Enamel Layers Using Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectrometer (X Ray-EDS)

Objectives: To compare the distribution of chemical elements among the carious and normal enamel layers on teenagers, using energy dispersive X ray spectrometer (EDS Rx). Materials and Methods: The EDS Rx analyzer is integrated to scanner electron microscope. The macro and mi-croelements were made in 30 premolars of teenager: 14 carious enamel layers and 16 normal enamel layers. Results: The quantitative and qualitative microanalyses of macro and microele-ments were found between the enamel layers of carious and normal premolar in term of variation and concentration expressed in percentage atomic weight. The statistical data analysis of ANOVA showed that the macroelements [C, Ca, P] and the microelements [Al, Cl, Mg, Na] were significantly different (P < 0.05) while, the macro [O] and the microelements [In, Si, W, S] were not significantly different (P < 0.05) among the carious and normal enamel layers. Moreover, the microelements Sb, Ba, Br, I, Ir, K, Pt, Sc, Sr, Sn and Yb were absent in carious enamel layers and present in normal enamel layers. Conclusion: The macro and microelements differ in composition and variation from the external to the internal enamel layers between the carious and the normal premolars. However, the deficiency or excess of these elements in the enamel layers determines the degree of susceptibility to carious and other dental disease. Clinical Relevance: The carious enamel in dental structure could be a major dental problem due to the deficiency or excess of macro and microele-ments which are responsible for secondary or recurrent caries, discoloration, pulpal inflammation, re-infection, abscess in jaw bone and dental disease.

EDS指数与平衡二部图的哈密尔顿性

如果一个图的顶点集可以划分为两个不相交的子集X和Y,这里|X|=|Y|,使得每条边都有一个端点在X中,另一个端点在Y中,那么称此图为平衡二部图.本文利用平衡二部图的特殊结构找到了原图或其拟补图关于EDS指数的界,结合平衡二部图中特殊性质的度序列与边条件,根据原图或其拟补图的EDS指数分别给出一个平衡二部图是可迹的、哈密尔顿或弱哈密尔顿-连通的充分条件.

SEM-EDS组合手段对加氢催化剂失活的分析及应用

针对加氢催化剂失活现象,在X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)宏观分析的基础上,进一步采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)结合的多种组合手段进行多维微观分析。结果表明,XRF元素对比分析结果可以在宏观层面反映P、Si和Fe元素含量的增加是催化剂失活的原因;SEM-EDS结合的面扫描、线扫描、点扫描和微区扫描等微观层面的对比分析结果均显示,催化剂表面异常沉积含P、Si和Fe元素的杂质,尤其是含P元素的杂质,覆盖催化剂表面或沉积在催化剂孔道中导致催化剂失活。基于具体的研究目标,XRF分析与一种或几种SEM-EDS组合手段的有效结合可为催化剂失活的分析研究提供“定制化”分析支撑。

Accuracy analysis of iron content of galvanized coating using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with an L-spectrum

The accuracy(repeatability and reproducibility) of the iron content analysis of galvanized coating using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with an L-spectrum is not better than that of flame atomic absorption spectrometry, sometimes it exceeds the quality control limit.Influences, such as current, voltage, equipment(internal circulating water, 10%CH4+90%Ar, and vacuum) checking, instrument monitoring, sample cleaning, and oper-ators, were investigated by means of 6-sigma and lean operations to improve accuracy.

Design and calibration of an elliptical crystal spectrometer for the diagnosis of proton-induced x-ray emission(PIXE)

Laser-driven proton-induced x-ray emission(laser-PIXE) is a nuclear analysis method based on the compact laser ion accelerator. Due to the transient process of ion acceleration, the laser-PIXE signals are usually spurted within nanoseconds and accompanied by strong electromagnetic pulses(EMP), so traditional multi-channel detectors are no longer applicable.In this work, we designed a reflective elliptical crystal spectrometer for the diagnosis of laser-PIXE. The device can detect the energy range of 1 keV–11 ke V with a high resolution. A calibration experiment was completed on the electrostatic accelerator of Peking University using samples of Al, Ti, Cu, and ceramic artifacts. The detection efficiency of the elliptical crystal spectrometer was obtained in the order of 10-9.

Evaluation of Uncertainty in Determination of Ethyl Maltol in Vegetable Oil by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer(UPLC-MS)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish an uncertainty evaluation method for the determination of ethyl maltol by ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer(UPLC-MS).[Methods]A mathematical model of uncertainty was established by analyzing the method for determining ethyl maltol using UPLC-MS.The sources of uncertainty were analyzed,and the components of uncertainty were calculated to evaluate the expanded uncertainty of the method.[Results]When the content of ethyl maltol in edible vegetable oil was 1657μg/kg,the expanded uncertainty was 22.4μg/kg(K=2,P=95%).[Conclusions]The uncertainty in this evaluation model mainly came from standard solution preparation,sample weighing,dilution of sample to constant volume,standard curve fitting,and repeated measurement.

科学仪器自搭建实验的课程思政设计——以教学质谱仪的搭建、调试及应用为例

培养能够开展科学仪器原理创新、设计制造、应用开发的高端人才已成为建设人才强国、科技强国的必然要求。本案例在本科实验中引入我国科学家自主研制的教学质谱仪,采用学生亲自动手拆装、调试及应用的方式,深化学生对质谱仪工作原理、构造和相关分析方法的认识,破除对“高端仪器”的神秘感和畏难情绪,激发学生研制科学仪器的兴趣,培养敢于挑战自我、勇于自主创新的意志品质,坚定科技报国、服务国家的家国情怀。

瑞马唑仑用于重症监护病房俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的半数有效剂量

目的测定瑞马唑仑用于重症监护病房(ICU)患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的半数有效剂量(ED50)。方法选择2022年11月至2023年7月达州市中心医院收入ICU的早期中、重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)行俯卧位通气深镇静患者45例,给药舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg使重症监护疼痛观察工具(CPOT)评分达0~1分后,使用瑞马唑仑诱导镇静,镇静达标后开始俯卧位通气。瑞马唑仑诱导镇静的剂量由改良Dixon序贯试验法确定,根据预试验确定瑞马唑仑的起始剂量为0.2 mg/kg,剂量梯度为0.025 mg/kg。镇静达标定义为给药后3 min内Richmond躁动-镇静评分(RASS)≤-4分且光谱熵(SE)≤50。但如俯卧位通气3 min之内出现明显的体动、皱眉、流泪、呛咳和吞咽等反应且RASS>-4分或SE>50,仍表示镇静不理想。镇静达标且理想则下一例患者在上一例的给药剂量基础上降低一个梯度,若镇静未达标或不理想,下一例给药剂量升高一个梯度。连续出现10次交叉后终止研究。运用Probit回归分析法,计算出瑞马唑仑的ED50和95%有效剂量(ED95)。记录给药前后心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))及俯卧位通气中心动过缓和恶心呕吐等不良反应的发生情况。结果瑞马唑仑用于ICU患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的ED50为0.228 mg/kg(95%CI 0.208~0.248),ED95为0.365 mg/kg(95%CI 0.299-0.518)。与舒芬太尼镇痛达标后(T_(1))比较,瑞马唑仑诱导镇静后2 min(T_(2))和俯卧位通气后2 min(T_(3))各时间点的血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T_(3)时HR、MAP及RR较T_(1)和T_(2)时均有下降(P<0.05),但下降幅度在20%以内;T_(2)和T_(3)时镇静深度指标RASS及SE比T_(1)时显著下降(P<0.01)。诱导期间3例患者出现低血压,给予麻黄碱有效;2例患者出现心动过缓,给予阿托品有效,无其他不良反应。结论瑞马唑仑用于ICU患者俯卧位通气深镇静诱导的ED50为0.228 mg/kg,ED95为0.365 mg/kg,镇静效果确切,呼吸循环影响较小,不良反应少。

骑行不掉链,换挡不卡顿:兰溪轮峰全新EDS-TX公路车电子变速器

2023年5月5日,兰溪轮峰车料有限公司受邀参加第31届中国国际自行车展览会(以下简称“中国展”),并携全新EDS-TX公路车电子变速器等产品向观众展示。作为国家级专精特新“小巨人”,也是目前国内最大自行车链轮曲柄生产和出口企业,兰溪轮峰车料有限公司通过科技创新,成为最先拥有无线变速系统(EDS)研发制造专利的中国企业之一。