Application of High-speed Solenoid Valve to the Semi-active Control of Landing Gear

To select or develop an appropriate actuator is one of the key and difficult issues in the study of semi-active controlled landing gear. Performance of the actuator may directly affect the effectiveness of semi-active control. In this article, parallel high-speed solenoid valves are chosen to be the actuators for the semi-active controlled landing gear and being studied. A nonlinear high-speed solenoid valve model is developed with the consideration of magnetic saturation characteristics and verified by test. According to the design rule of keeping the peak load as small as possible while absorbing the specified shock energy, a fuzzy PD control rule is designed. By the rule controller parameters can be self-regulated. The simulation results indicate that the semi-active control based on high-speed solenoid valve can effectively improve the control performance and reduce impact load during landing.

High Speed On/Off Valve Control Hydraulic Propeller

The work-class remotely-operated-underwater-vehicles（ROVs） are mainly driven by hydraulic propulsion system,and the effeciency of hydraulic propulsion system is an important performance index of ROVs.However,the efficiency of traditional hydraulic propulsion system controlled by throttle valves is too low.Therefore,in this paper,for small and medium ROVs,a novel propulsion system with higher efficiency based on high speed on/off valve control hydraulic propeller is proposed.To solve the conflict between large flow rate and high frequency response performance,a two-stage high speed on/off valve-motor unit with large flow rate and high response speed simultaneously is developed.Through theoretical analysis,an effective fluctuation control method and a novel pulse-width-pulse-frequency-modulation（PWPFM） are introduced to solve the conflict among inherently fluctuation,valve dynamic performance and system efficiency.A simulation model is established to evaluate the system performance.To prove the advantage of system in energy saving,and test the dynamic control performance of high speed on/off valve control propeller,a test setup is developed and a series of comparative experiments is completed.The smimulation and experiment results show that the two-stage high speed on/off valve has an excellent dynamic response performance,and can be used to realize high accuracy speed control.The experiment results prove that the new propulsion system has much more advantages than the traditional throttle speed regulation system in energy saving.The lowest efficiency is more than 40%.The application results on a ROV indicate that the high speed on/off valve control propeller system has good dynamic and steady-state control performances.Its transient time is only about 1 s-1.5 s,and steady-state error is less than 5%.Meanwhile,the speed fluctuation is small,and the smooth propeller speed control effect is obtained.On the premise of good propeller speed control performance,the proposed high speed on/off valve control propeller can improve the effeciency of ROV propulsion system significantly,and provides another attractive ROV propulsion system choice for engineers.

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF AN ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEMEMPLOYING HIGH SPEED ON/OFF SOLENOID VALVE

Previous studies have confirmed that an active suspension system with high speed ON/OFF solenoid valves could provide the same vibration isolation efficiency as that of system with pressure proportional valve. In this study, by using Linear-quadratic optimization technique and Kalman filter method, an optimal regulator controller with a state observer was designed for the proposed system. Simulation and experimental research was conducted on a quarter car model. The simulation analysis of the system frequency characteristic suggested that the peak value of magnitude response curve in the case of system with an optimal controller would be lowered significantly, and the experiment results also showed that an improvement in the vibration isolation effect was obtained in using the designed optimal controller over the sky hook damper controller.

Investigation into the Independent Metering Control Performance of a Twin Spools Valve with Switching Technology-controlled Pilot Stage

In hydraulic area,independent metering control(IMC)technology is an effective approach to improve system efficiency and control flexibility.In addition,digital hydraulic technology(DHT)has been verified as a reasonable method to optimize system dynamic performance.Integrating these two technologies into one component can combine their advantages together.However,few works focused on it.In this paper,a twin spools valve with switching technologycontrolled pilot stage(TSVSP)is presented,which applied DHT into its pilot stage while appending IMC into its main stage.Based on this prototype valve,a series of numerical and experiment analysis of its IMC performance with both simulated load and excavator boom cylinder are carried out.Results showed fast and robust performance of pressure and flow compound control with acceptable fluctuation phenomenon caused by switching technology.Rising time of flow response in excavator cylinder can be controlled within 200 ms,meanwhile,the recovery time of rod chamber pressure under suddenly changed condition is optimized within 250 ms.IMC system based on TSVSP can improve both dynamic performance and robust characteristics of the target actuator so it is practical in valve-cylinder system and can be applied in mobile machineries.

Optimal Control of Hydraulic Position System Employing High Speed On/Off Solenoid Valve

A hydraulic position system was designed employing two high speed On/Off solenoid valves with PWM(Pulse width modulation) technique and using LQ(Linear Quadratic) optimization principle. Based on the system, the parts of system can be formulated with equations. According to equations, the mathematical model of the system was established. By simulation, the corresponding LQ optimal controller was designed and the PWM signals were generated. The comparison of the simulation and experiment results show that LQ optimal control method with PWM technique employing high speed On/Off solenoid valve can provide better system performance and a high position precision is obtained.

Constant Speed Control of Four-stroke Micro Internal Combustion Swing Engine

The increasing demands on safety, emission and fuel consumption require more accurate control models of micro internal combustion swing engine （MICSE）. The objective of this paper is to investigate the constant speed control models of four-stroke MICSE The operation principle of the four-stroke MICSE is presented based on the description of MICSE prototype. A two-level Petri net based hybrid mode/ is proposed to mode/ the four-stroke MICSE engine cycle. The Petri net subsystem at the upper level controls and synchronizes the four Petri net subsystems at the lower level. The continuous sub-models, including breathing dynamics of intake manifold, thermodynamics of the chamber and dynamics of the torque generation, are investigated and integrated with the discrete model in MATLAB Simulink. Through the comparison of experimental data and simulated DC voltage output, it is demonstrated that the hybrid model is valid for the four-stroke MICSE system. A nonlinear model is obtained from the cycle average data via the regression method, and it is linearized around a given nominal equilibrium point for the controller design. The feedback controller of the spark timing and valve duration timing is designed with a sequential loop closing design approach. The simulation of the sequential loop closure control design applied to the hybrid model is implemented in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the system is able to reach its desired operating point within 0.2 s, and the designed controller shows good MICSE engine performance with a constant speed. This paper presents the constant speed control models of four-stroke MICSE and carries out the simulation tests, the models and the simulation results can be used for further study on the precision control of four-stroke MICSE.

Fault Diagnosis of Overflow Valve Based on Trispectrum

The high-order spectrum can effectively remove Gaussian noise. The three-spectrum and its slices represent random signals from a higher probability structure. It can not only qualitatively describe the linearity and nonlinearity of vibration signals closely related to mechanical failures, Gaussian and non-Gaussian Performance, and can greatly improve the accuracy of mechanical fault diagnosis. The two-dimensional slices of trispectrum in normal and fault states show different peak characteristics. 2-D wavelet multi-level decomposition can effectively compress 2-D array information. Least squares support vector machine can obtain the global optimum under limited samples, thus avoiding the local optimum problem, and has the advantage of reducing computational complexity. In this paper, 2-D wavelet multi-level decomposition is used to extract features of trispectrum 2-D slices, and input LSSVM to diagnose the fault of the pressure reducing valve, which has achieved good results.

迷宫-对冲组合式最小流量阀流道设计研究

电站给水泵最小流量阀长期处于高温、高压等恶劣工况环境下工作,阀内极易出现空化汽蚀、冲刷泄漏等问题,将会影响阀门的使用寿命。为了提高阀门的降压和控速能力,本文基于迷宫式最小流量阀的流动特点,提出了一种新型盘片结构,利用数值模拟方法对迷宫式、对冲式和迷宫-对冲组合式流道结构的流动特性进行研究,得到了三种流道内部压力和速度的分布情况。结果表明:在相同条件下,迷宫式流道结构有利于降压,但出口流速大,对冲式流道结构有利于控速,新型迷宫-对冲流道既能保证降压又能控制速度。

正负脉冲电压驱动的电磁螺纹插装阀动态特性分析

提出了一种基于PWM技术的正负脉冲电压控制策略,用于提高锥阀式电磁螺纹插装阀启闭动态响应速度,使其满足数字液压技术的要求。在分析电磁螺纹插装阀结构和工作原理基础上,建立了电磁螺纹插装阀的数学模型,并在AMESim软件中搭建电磁螺纹插装阀及其测试系统的多物理场耦合建模,研究不同正负脉冲电压持续时间条件下电磁螺纹插装阀线圈电流、阀芯位移、电磁力的变化规律,确定了电磁螺纹插装阀响应速度最快时正负脉冲电压控制策略的最优控制参数。利用半实物仿真系统搭建SCV硬件在环测试实验台,对所提正负脉冲控制策略进行验证。实验表明,与常规电压控制策略相比,当正负脉冲电压控制策略中正负脉冲电压持续时间都为10 ms时,电磁螺纹插装阀的开启时间由30 ms缩短到13.5 ms,其关闭时间由139 ms缩短到14 ms。研究结果为电磁螺纹插装阀的高响应化和数字液压技术的发展提供参考。

基于径向基函数神经网络算法的高频转阀阀芯稳定性

针对伺服电机驱动高频转阀时受液动力矩变化影响造成高频输出精度下降的问题,以液压马达作为动力源,提出一种基于径向基函数神经网络算法的转阀阀芯转速控制策略。首先,搭建高频转阀阀芯转速控制系统的数学模型;其次根据数学模型在MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,对不同算法作用下阀芯转速控制特性进行仿真分析;最后建立高频转阀转速控制系统实验台,对不同算法作用下阀芯转速控制特性进行实验研究和理论验证。结果表明:与常规PID控制方法相比,基于径向基函数神经网络的高频转阀转速控制策略转速控制系统阶跃响应所需调整时间最少为0.16 s,超调量小;三角波与正弦波转速跟踪误差均值下降最大值分别为46.51%、53.69%;6 MPa、10 MPa下,转速稳态误差均值分别下降34.92%、38.26%。径向基函数神经网络算法有效提高了高频转阀阀芯转速控制精度。

被动式压力控制技术的高速列车车内压力计算方法研究

现有采用被动式技术的高速列车车内压力计算方法,未考虑压力保护阀实际工作状态及鸭嘴孔的影响,不利于准确预测通过隧道时的车内压力。基于被动式压力保护阀开闭控制技术路线和空调鸭嘴孔开闭对车体气密性的影响特征,建立列车通过隧道时的车内压力计算方法。在采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型黎曼变量特征线法获得车外压力后,分析单列车通过短、中长、长、特长隧道情况下压力保护阀开闭特征,并对比分析单列车通过隧道情景下现有计算方法与本文方法预测车内压力变化的差异;结合压力舒适性标准限值分析车内压力舒适性指标值。研究表明:本文计算方法合理可行,不仅能更精确预测被动式技术的高速列车车内压力变化规律,而且为压力保护阀开闭控制技术制定提供切实可行的空气动力学优化依据。

电-气比例阀高压驱动与低压PWM的双压控制模式

为了保证电-气比例阀具有良好的线性度和提高高速开关阀的响应速度,提出对高速开关阀采用高压驱动与低压双脉宽调制(PWM)相结合的双压控制模式,即通过高压(24V)缩短阀的开启时间,低压PWM(6V)按照PID方法控制脉宽,用于降低阀体功耗和缩短关断时间。设计了以ATmega8L单片机为控制核心的电-气比例阀,并进行了试验。测试结果表明,高压驱动与低压PWM的控制模式使得高速开关阀的开启时间缩短为0.8ms,关闭时间为0.3ms,调压阀的总功耗仅为2.18W,明显低于国外同类产品。

阀-泵并联变模式液压调速系统设计与实验研究

提出并设计了阀-泵并联变模式液压调速系统,其可以在不同的调速阶段,采用不同的控制模式,而且还可以调节泵控和阀控在联合调速中的权重比,以提高系统的综合调速性能。搭建了实验系统,进行了一个调速周期的实验研究。实验结果表明,在调速过程中,不同控制模式之间切换平滑,比例阀和变量泵的变化规律符合预期,阀-泵权重比设置合理,提高了调速系统的综合调速性能。阀-泵并联变模式控制,使阀控与泵控协调工作,提高了液压调速系统的灵活性和适应性,丰富了目前液压系统的调速方式。

压差-电气-面积补偿型高压大流量电液比例调速阀的研制

现在工业上多采用压差补偿型比例调速阀或者流量反馈型比例调速阀 ,但传统的压差补偿型比例调速阀控制流量小 ,控制压力低 ,控制精度也不高 ;流量反馈型比例调速阀结构复杂 ,价格昂贵。为此作者根据压差 -电气 -面积补偿原理 ,采用先导式阀体结构 ,设计了能在高压工况下对大流量进行精确控制的比例调速阀 ,测试并分析了新阀的性能。

用节流阀和调速阀的进油节流调速回路速度-负载特性研究

通过实验,对分别采用节流阀和调速阀的进油节流调速回路的速度负载特性进行了研究,并做出了速度负载特性曲线,得出了采用调速阀的进油节流调速回路的适用条件,对正确对待和使用这两种调速方式提供了参考。

模式切换结合模糊PWM的气动容腔压力控制方法

容腔压力是管路系统的主要控制对象,用高速开关阀代替普遍使用的比例阀进行压力调控,可大幅降低系统成本。针对单腔双阀压力跟踪系统,提出了一种模式切换结合模糊PWM的气动容腔压力控制方法。该方法的目的是减小超调,降低调节时间,提高压力跟踪性能。首先由模糊控制器根据偏差给出占空比指令,然后通过引入PWM将开关量转换为连续量调节,进而通过快速切换开关阀的工作模式实现容腔内压力的精细化调节。仿真结果表明:阶跃响应的超调量小于0.6%,峰值时间0.15 s,调节时间0.16 s,同时能够很好的跟踪上0.5 Hz的谐波信号,与当前控制策略相比,超调量和调节时间均有明显的降低。

双折臂起重机起吊装置速度控制优化

双折臂起重机起吊装置复合动作协调性小于安全性需求,考虑到阀后补偿较阀前补偿复杂,故采用阀前补偿型负载敏感液压系统控制其起吊装置动作。给出了双折臂起重机起吊装置起吊原理,搭建了其液压系统仿真模型,开展了双折臂起重机复合动作速度仿真。主要分析了不同开度和不同质量下的动臂和伸臂速度动态性能,基于动臂和伸臂液压缸活塞受负载影响明显,在动臂液压缸无杆腔油路增加了平衡阀。通过分析设置了动臂平衡阀开启压力20.5 MPa、先导比0.5、全开压降1.5 MPa,进行了相同开度和质量工况的动臂活塞速度仿真。研究表明:增加平衡阀后,动臂下降速度能限制在与负载质量无关的速度指令范围内。选取某双折臂式起重机为实车测试对象,验证了仿真结论的正确性。据此可在伸臂液压缸进回油路增加平衡阀,解决伸臂液压缸速度受负载的影响问题。该研究对提高双折臂起重机的起吊性能具有一定参考价值。

单叶风阀调节性能试验研究

文章主要研究了不同规格的单叶风阀在不同开度或风量下的调节性能。本文在保持风量不变的情况下,通过改变风阀的开度,测试了风管内部压力、风速、阻力等参数,以及在开度不变的情况下改变风量,测试了不同开度下风管内部压力、风速、阻力等参数。找到了不同工况下,风管内部气流从距离阀门6倍管径处开始稳定,以及风阀阻力、风速随风阀开度变化的规律基本呈“指数型”,风阀阻力随风量变化的规律基本呈“线性”,风阀调节对管路影响的不敏感区处于0°~45°,敏感区域处于45°~80°。以上结论在200×200 mm与300×300 mm规格的方形风管与阀门中均成立。

基于复合PWM的高速开关阀先导控制电液换向阀特性试验研究

针对传统液压支架换向阀存在流量控制不精准、压力冲击大等问题,提出一种高速开关阀先导式电液换向阀控制液压缸方案,搭建试验平台对方案中阀的特性进行了研究,对比了高速开关阀和常规电磁开关阀做先导级时电液换向阀的响应速度,由于高速开关阀滞后时间短,控制腔压力上升较快,故高速开关阀先导时电液换向阀响应速度快;提出脉宽调制(PWM)和脉频调制(PFM)的方法,控制电液换向阀主阀芯位移方法。结果表明,主阀芯稳态位移经历4个阶段且在一定占空比范围内可以呈现比例开启效果;在供液压力10 MPa下实现高速开关阀对主阀芯位移在全行程内的调节,复合PWM信号控制区间占空比为30%~65%,常规PWM信号控制区间占空比为35%~50%,复合PWM信号相较于常规PWM信号有着更宽的调节区间,更适合换向阀芯位移比例控制。研究结果可为液压支架控制阀的设计开发提供参考。

气缸有效缓冲时缓冲阀与调速阀的开度匹配关系研究

气缸的运行速度由回路调速阀控制,缓冲装置吸收的能量受缓冲阀影响,将两阀按照一定的开度关系进行调整,可获得较好的缓冲状态,提升气缸工作效率。搭建气缸缓冲实验台,进行缓冲实验,寻找两阀圈数的对应关系。建立相应的AMESim气动仿真模型,给出不同开度下气缸的缓冲效果。采用声速放气法测量气动元件有效节流面积,得到有效缓冲时缓冲阀与回路调速阀的面积匹配关系。结果表明:只有部分调速阀开度可以获得有效缓冲状态,缓冲阀仅能在特定的小范围变化,缓冲难以调整,可依据研究给出的两阀面积匹配关系图,快速调定缓冲。