Importance of oxygen-containing functionalities and pore structures of biochar in catalyzing pyrolysis of homologous poplar

Biochar and bio-oil are produced simultaneously in one pyrolysis process,and they inevitably contact and may interact,influencing the composition of bio-oil and modifying the structure of biochar.In this sense,biochar is an inherent catalyst for pyrolysis.In this study,in order to investigate the influence of functionalities and pore structures of biochar on its capability for catalyzing the conversion of homologous volatiles in bio-oil,three char catalysts(600C,800C,and 800AC)produced via pyrolysis of poplar wood at 600 or 800℃or activated at 800℃,were used for catalyzing pyrolysis of homologous poplar wood at 600℃,respectively.The results indicated that the 600C catalyst was more active than 800C and 800AC for catalyzing cracking of volatiles to form more gas(yield increase by 40.2%)and aromatization of volatiles to form more light or heavy phenolics,due to its abundant oxygen-containing functionalities acting as active sites.The developed pores of the 800AC showed no such catalytic effect but could trap some volatiles and allow their further conversion via sufficient aromatization.Nevertheless,the interaction with the volatiles consumed oxygen on 600C(decrease by 50%),enhancing the aromatic degree and increasing thermal stability.The dominance of deposition of carbonaceous material of a very aromatic nature over 800C and 800AC resulted in net weight gain and blocked micropores but formed additional macropores.The in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization of the catalytic pyrolysis indicated superior activity of 600C for removal of -OH,while conversion of the intermediates bearing C=O was enhanced over all the char catalysts.

The glutamate receptor gene GLR3.3:A bridge of calciummediated root development in poplar

Poplar is one of the fastest-growing temperate trees in the world and is widely used in ornamental horticulture for shade.The root is essential for tree growth and development and its utilization potential is huge.Calcium(Ca),as a signaling molecule,is involved in the regulation of plant root development.However,the detailed underlying regulatory mechanism is elusive.In this study,we analyzed the morphological and transcriptomic variations of 84K poplar(Populus alba×P.glandulosa)in response to different calcium concentrations and found that low Ca^(2+)(1 mmol·L^(-1))promoted lateral root development,while deficiency(0.1 mmol·L^(-1)Ca^(2+))inhibited lateral root development.Co-expression analysis showed that Ca^(2+)channel glutamate receptors(GLRs)were present in various modules with significance for root development.Two GLR paralogous genes,PagGLR3.3a and Pag GLR3.3b,were mainly expressed in roots and up-regulated under Ca^(2+)deficiency.The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated signal gene(crispr-PagGLR3.3a,PagGLR3.3b)and double gene(crispr-PagGLR3.3ab)mutants presented more and longer lateral roots.Anatomical analysis showed that crispr-PagGLR3.3ab plants had more xylem cells and promoted the development of secondary vascular tissues.Further transcriptomic analysis suggested that knockout of PagGLR3.3a and PagGLR3.3b led to the up-regulation of several genes related to protein phosphorylation,auxin efflux,lignin and hemicellulose biosynthesis as well as transcriptional regulation,which might contribute to lateral root growth.This study not only provides novel insight into how the Ca^(2+)channels mediated root growth and development in trees,but also provides a directive breeding of new poplar species for biofuel and bioenergy production.

Biobased Furfurylated Poplar Wood for Flame-Retardant Modification with Boric Acid and Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate

Furfurylated wood exhibits excellent dimensional stability and corrosion resistance,making it a promising material for constructing buildings,but it is highly flammable.Herein,flame-retardant furfurylated poplar wood was produced via a two-step process utilizing boric acid(BA)and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP)as flame-retardant components,and biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol(FA)as a modifier.The acidity of BA and ADP allowed them to catalyze the polymerization of FA,which formed a cross-linked network that immobilized BA and ADP inside the wood.The addition of BA/ADP substantially delayed the time to ignition from 10 to 385 s and reduced the total heat release and total smoke release by 58.75%and 77.31%,respectively.Analysis of the pyrolysis process showed that the decomposition products of BA and ADP protected the underlying furfurylated wood and diluted combustible gases.This method significantly improved the fire retardancy and smokeless properties of furfurylated wood,providing promising prospects for its application as an engineering material.

Factors affecting poplar wetwood characteristics

Wet wood is an abnormal phenomenon in growing trees,which adversely affects growth,subsequent wood processing and economic values of wood products.In this study,the influences of factors such as clones,afforestation methods,site conditions and climate conditions on the characteristics of poplar wetwood were studied through field investigations in 27 clones from 48 sample plots in 28 counties.Results showed that the incidences of wetwood were almost 100%in all plots.Ratios of wetwood area among the48 plots differed from 15.1 to 90.2%.Wetwood area ratios,moisture contents and pH differed significantly between the 27 clones.Wetwood area ratios of the clones ranged from18.7 to 62.3%.Ratios of wetwood areas were positively correlated with wet wood moisture content and pH,tree age,and negatively correlated with pH of sap wood.The repeatability of wet wood area ratios was 0.52,moderately controlled by genetics.Wetwood moisture content and pH were highly controlled by genetics,indicated by the repeatability of 0.91 and 0.89,respectively.There were significant differences in wetwood area ratios,moisture content and pH between different site conditions,afforestation methods,and geographical regions.Sloping land had the lowest wetwood area ratios and moisture content among four types of sites.Afforestation by direct seeding and rooted cuttings had the lowest wetwood area ratios and moisture content,respectively.In the three geographical regions,the Yellow River Basin had the lowest wetwood values of all three factors.

PtrDJ1C,an atypical member of the DJ-1 superfamily,is essential for early chloroplast development and lignin deposition in poplar

The nuclear-encoded factors and the photosynthetic apparatus have been studied extensively during chloroplast biogenesis.However,many questions regarding these processes remain unanswered,particularly in perennial woody plants.As a model material of woody plants,poplar not only has very significant value of research,but also possesses economic and ecological properties.This study reports the Populus trichocarpa DJ-1C(PtrDJ1C)factor,encoded by a nuclear gene,and a member of the DJ-1 superfamily.PtrDJ1C knock-out with the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in different albino phenotypes.Chlorophyll fluorescence and immunoblot analyses showed that the levels of photosynthetic complex proteins decreased significantly.Moreover,the transcript level of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase-dependent genes and the splicing efficiency of several introns were affected in the mutant line.Furthermore,rRNA accumulation was abnormal,leading to developmental defects in chloroplasts and affecting lignin accumulation.We concluded that the PtrDJ1C protein is essential for early chloroplast development and lignin deposition in poplar.

Selecting the Technology of Sodium Silicate Modified Poplar with the Highest Performance by Fuzzy Orthogonal Method

Sodium silicate modification can improve the overall performance of wood.The modification process has a great influence on the properties of modified wood.In this study,a new method was introduced to analyze the wood modification process,and the properties of modified wood were studied.Poplar wood was modified with sodium silicate by vacuum-pressure impregnation.After screening using single-factor experiments,an orthogonal experiment was carried out with solution concentration,impregnation time,impregnation pressure,and the cycle times as experimental factors.The modified poplar with the best properties was selected by fuzzy mathematics and characterized by SEM,FT-IR,XRD and TG.The results showed that some lignin and hemicellulose were removed from the wood due to the alkaline action of sodium silicate,and the orderly crystal area of poplar became disorderly,resulting in the reduction of crystallinity of the modified poplar wood.FT-IR analysis showed that sodium silicate was hydrolyzed to form polysilicic acid in wood,and structural analysis revealed the formation of Si-O-Si and Si-O-C,indicating that sodium silicate reacted with fibers on the wood cell wall.TG-DTG curves showed that the final residual mass of modified poplar wood increased from 25%to 67%,and the temperature of the maximum loss rate decreased from 343℃ to 276℃.The heat release and smoke release of modified poplar wood decreased obviously.This kind of material with high strength and fire resistance can be used in the outdoor building and indoor furniture.

Function identification of miR159a,a positive regulator during poplar resistance to drought stress

Drought seriously affects the growth and development of plants.MiR159 is a highly conserved and abundant microRNA family that plays a crucial role in plant growth and stress responses.However,studies of its function in woody plants are still lacking.Here,the expression of miR159a was significantly upregulated after drought treatment in poplar,and the overexpression of miR159a(OX159a)significantly reduced the open area of the stomata and improved water-use efficiency in poplar.After drought treatment,OX159a lines had better scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species and damage of the membrane system was less than that in wild-type lines.MYB was the target gene of miR159a,as verified by psRNATarget prediction,RT-qPCR,degradome sequencing,and 5′rapid amplification of cDNA ends(5′RACE).Additionally,miR159a-short tandem target mimic suppression(STTM)poplar lines showed increased sensitivity to drought stress.Transcriptomic analysis comparing OX159a lines with wild-type lines revealed upregulation of a series of genes related to response to water deprivation and metabolite synthesis.Moreover,drought-responsive miR172d and miR398 were significantly upregulated and downregulated respectively in OX159a lines.This investigation demonstrated that miR159a played a key role in the tolerance of poplar to drought by reducing stomata open area,increasing the number and total area of xylem vessels,and enhancing water-use efficiency,and provided new insights into the role of plant miR159a and crucial candidate genes for the molecular breeding of trees with tolerance to drought stress.

Experimental Study of Mode-I and Mode-II Interlaminar Fracture Characteristics of Poplar LVL

Fracture is a common failure form of poplar laminated veneer lumber(LVL).In the present work,we performed an experimental study on the mode-I along-grain interlaminar fracture,mode-I cross-grain interlaminar fracture,and mode-II interlaminar fracture of poplar LVL.We investigated stress mechanisms,failure modes,and fracture toughness values of the different fracture types.The experimental results revealed that the crack in the mode-I along-grain interlaminar fracture specimen propagated along the prefabricated crack direction,and the crack tip broke.The mode-I cross-grain interlaminar fracture specimen had cracks in the vertical direction near the prefabricated crack.In the mode-II interlaminar fracture specimen,cracks appeared along the initial prefabricated crack direction.The load–displacement curves of these three specimens were linear in the early stage of loading.With the increase in the load,a nonlinear segment appeared before crack propagation and a descending segment appeared after crack propagation.The nonlinear segments of the mode-I along-grain interlaminar fracture and mode-II interlaminar fracture were very short,and cracks expanded quickly after their initiation,resulting in brit-tle fracture.The nonlinear segment of the mode-I cross-grain interlaminar fracture was long,resulting in plastic failure.The average toughness values of the mode-I along-grain interlaminar fracture,mode-I cross-grain inter-laminar fracture,and mode-II interlaminar fracture were 15.43,270.15,and 39.72 MPa·mm^(1/2),respectively.

Evaluation of Water Transfer Capacity of Poplar with Pectinase Treated under the Solar Interface Evaporation

Poplar wood,which was used as the absorption material for the solar-driven interfacial evaporation,was treated for 3 days,6 days and 9 days with the pectinase,and then was simulated for photothermal evaporation test at one standard solar radiation intensity(1 kW⋅m^(−2)).The effects of pectinase treatment on cell passage and water migration capacity of poplars were analyzed by the mercury intrusion porosimetry,the scanning electron microscope and fractal theory.It was found that the pit membrane and the ray parenchyma cells of poplar wood were degraded and destroyed after pectinase treatment.Compared with the untreated poplar wood,the evaporation rate of three sections of the specimen was changed.Especially the evaporation rate of radial and tangential direction was significantly increased.At the same time,based on the experimental data and fractal dimension deduction,fractal characteristics could be found in that the structure of poplars treated with pectinase.The porosity decreased with the increase of the fractal dimension in a certain range.It was shown that it is feasible to evaluate solar-driven water migration capacity by using fractal theory.

自然干旱后不同系号杨树湿心材的特征

以2017年造林材料为对象,比较不同系号杨树湿心材在大旱前和大旱后的变化差异。结果表明:干旱前和干旱后所有系号杨树的湿心材长度比例均呈显著正态分布。所有系号均存在湿心材现象,且整体上湿心材比较严重。杨树径生长由于干旱受到了严重抑制,但随着直径的增加及干旱的影响,湿心材长度比例继续增大,木芯含水率略有下降,干旱会减轻湿心材的危害。不同材料湿心材的pH差异不显著,均为弱碱性,江汉平原主栽的4个品种插干造林生长速度有一定优势,但湿心材相比带根造林更为严重一些。对连续2 a的湿心材特征进行相关分析,发现湿心材主要特征之间存在极显著正相关。

菌丝体-杨木颗粒多孔复合材料的制备及保温阻燃性能研究

石油基高分子多孔材料的大量使用导致了严重的塑料污染(“白色污染”)。在这项工作中,采用了一种绿色可持续的合成策略,通过在杨木颗粒上接种培养真菌菌丝体,使其生长贯穿整个颗粒,最终制备出了一种菌丝体-杨木颗粒多孔复合材料。结果表明,多孔复合材料具有较低的密度(0.165 g·cm^(-3))、较高的孔隙率(82.7%)和疏水性(接触角:131.8°),并展示出优异的力学性能(压缩强度2.39 MPa;杨氏模量9.79 MPa)。另外,多孔复合材料还具有较低的导热系数(0.066 W/mK)和优异的阻燃性能(氧指数为28.4%)。这项研究工作展示了一种简捷和清洁环保的菌丝体-杨木颗粒多孔复合材料制备方法,对农林生物质高值化利用具有重要的参考价值。

高温预处理对杨木正交胶合木剪力墙抗侧力性能的影响

[目的]研究往复荷载作用时国产速生杨木正交胶合木(CLT)剪力墙的抗侧力性能,阐明木材高温预处理和加速老化对剪力墙抗侧力性能的影响,为高温改性技术和国产速生木材在建筑结构中的高效利用提供参考。[方法]以木结构建筑常用的进口欧洲云杉规格材为对照,以相同强度等级的国产速生杨木为研究对象,选用180℃为预处理温度对杨木进行高温改性,制备5面全尺寸正交胶合木剪力墙,开展往复荷载作用时加速老化前后正交胶合木剪力墙的抗侧力性能试验。[结果]与相同层板强度等级的欧洲云杉正交胶合木剪力墙相比,往复荷载作用时未处理杨木正交胶合木剪力墙的极限承载力、弹性抗侧刚度、耗能能力分别降低5.8%、12.9%、8.0%;木材经高温预处理、墙体经加速老化或二者联合处理后,杨木正交胶合木剪力墙的抗侧力性能指标不同程度降低;与未处理杨木正交胶合木墙体相比,加速老化处理后,墙体的极限承载力、弹性抗侧刚度、耗能能力分别降低9.4%、9.7%、11.2%;木材经高温预处理后,经加速老化,墙体的极限承载力、弹性抗侧刚度、耗能能力变化较小,分别降低2.9%、2.4%、5.0%。[结论]往复荷载作用时,国产速生杨木正交胶合木剪力墙的抗侧力性能略低于相同层板强度等级的欧洲云杉正交胶合木剪力墙,水平力作用时二者具有相似破坏模式,均为抗拔连接件节点处钉子被剪断;木材经高温预处理、墙体经加速老化或二者联合处理后,杨木正交胶合木剪力墙的破坏模式均为底部墙角抗拔连接件处木材被拉断或劈裂破坏;木材高温预处理能够有效降低加速老化对剪力墙抗侧力性能的影响,具有相对较好的抗老化能力;建立正交胶合木剪力墙极限承载力计算模型,理论值与试验值误差小于10%。

杨树无性系表型性状及ISSR分子标记遗传多样性分析

【目的】综合表型性状及分子标记多样性分析探明供试的62个杨树无性系的遗传多样性,为杨树进一步遗传改良奠定基础。【方法】选取地径、苗高、叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、叶绿素、侧枝数、叶厚、单株总叶片、叶片干质量、叶片含水率等12个表型性状和ISSR分子标记对杨树无性系个体间进行遗传多样性分析,利用PopGen 32、SPSS 16.0及NTsys 2.10e等软件分别计算多样性指数、进行表型性状间的方差分析以及对各无性系进行UPGMA法聚类分析。【结果】侧枝数、单株叶片数、叶片干质量、叶面积以及地径的变异系数均达到了10%以上,叶柄长、叶长、苗高的变异系数也达到了8%以上的水平。利用5条ISSR引物检测到62份杨树无性系多态性谱带百分率平均为89.04%,基因多样度平均为0.4074,Shannon多样性指数(I)平均为0.5304。采用UPGMA法构建的形态和分子标记聚类图将供试材料聚成的类群均有家系内聚为一类的趋势,但也存在较大的差异;表型性状聚类分析主要是根据叶片的相关性状相似度越高的被聚为一个类群;分子标记聚类主要呈现出亲缘关系越近的无性系越容易聚为一个类群的聚类规律。【结论】供试的杨树无性系间表型性状分化程度高,具有丰富的遗传多样性,研究结果为杨树种质资源的改良、种质创新及多元化开发利用提供科学依据。

低共熔溶剂预处理选择性脱除速生毛白杨半纤维素

以毛白杨木为原料,采用甘油(Gly)、乙二醇(EG)分别与3种不同金属氯化盐(FeCl_(3)、AlCl_(3)、CuCl_(2))组成的6种二元低共熔溶剂(DES)体系,以及氯化胆碱(ChCl)与Gly或EG分别添加3种金属盐组成了6种三元DES体系,探究这些二元和三元DES体系对半纤维素选择性溶出的效果。以半纤维素去除率/木质素去除率比(R)值为评价指标,筛选出选择性溶出半纤维素效果最佳的DES,系统考察了DES配比、预处理温度、预处理时间对杨木中主要组分含量和半纤维素优先溶出的影响。实验结果表明:ChCl/EG/FeCl_(3)三元DES,当物质的量比为1∶2∶0.2在100℃下处理2 h,半纤维素和木质素去除率分别为45.01%和9.49%,R值高达4.74,表现出良好的优先溶出半纤维素的特性,同时采用FT-IR、BET、X射线衍射等方法,分析了优化条件下三元DES处理后杨木微观形貌与结构特性的变化,证明了ChCl/EG/FeCl_(3)三元DES在优化条件下可实现半纤维素选择性优先溶出,而木质素仅少量溶出。

基于1DCNN融合多源表型数据的杨树干旱胁迫评估方法

目前关于不同杨树品种抗旱性的研究主要集中在利用传统测量方法获取形态结构和生理生化表型参数进而分析杨树的抗旱性,依据多源成像传感器提取的表型参数指标确定杨树干旱胁迫等级的方法较为少见。为了阐明杨树耐旱的表型机制、筛选抗旱性树种和明确杨树抗旱等级,本文以杨树不同性别的喜水和耐旱品种为研究对象,在杨树苗期进行梯度干旱胁迫处理,通过热红外以及RGB多源成像传感器获取杨树冠层温度参数与颜色植被指数表型数据,并建立基于1DCNN的多任务分类模型划分杨树苗期品种抗旱等级与干旱胁迫等级等2个分类任务,探究杨树性别与生长时间对杨树干旱胁迫响应机制的影响。结果表明,以27组数据变量降维后的4个特征作为模型变量,与传统机器学习算法SVM、RF、XGBoost相比,本文提出的1DCNN多任务分类模型在杨树品种抗旱等级分类与单株干旱胁迫等级分类2个任务中的模型分类精度皆达到最优,分类准确率分别为81.8%和62.3%;引入杨树的性别和生长时间后共6个特征作为模型的输入变量后,杨树苗期品种抗旱等级与干旱胁迫等级的分类精度显著提高,1DCNN多任务分类模型在2个分类任务中的准确率分别达到93.5%与76.6%,模型分类准确率分别提高11.7个百分点与14.3个百分点。研究结果表明,通过热红外与RGB成像传感器获取多源表型数据,并建立1DCNN多任务分类模型对实现杨树干旱胁迫等级评估的可行性,同时表明杨树的性别和生长时间作为模型输入变量能够有效提升模型的分类精度,可为筛选杨树抗旱性品种提供新的思路与方法。

基于AE-BP模型的杨木胶合板应力损伤识别

【目的】利用声发射(AE)技术对应力损伤全过程中的杨木胶合板进行无损检测,并利用BP神经网络对AE检测结果进行识别,以提高胶合板损伤检测精度。【方法】以市场占有量较高的托盘用杨木胶合板作为研究对象,在联合AE和应力损伤试验过程中,提取6个AE特征参数,利用声发射RA-AF联合分析法区分杨木胶合板产生裂纹的类型,采用K-均值聚类分析方法确定损伤演化程度和AE特征参数之间的对应关系,利用BP神经网络建立损伤识别模型,并对识别网络进行测试训练。【结果】AE信号幅度和上升时间可有效地表征杨木胶合板应力损伤从微裂纹萌生、产生宏观裂纹至完全断裂的损伤演化过程;通过RA-AF联合分析发现:杨木胶合板在应力损伤试验第一阶段主要为剪切破坏损伤,第二、三阶段主要为拉伸破坏损伤;通过K-均值聚类分析发现损伤类型与AE峰值频率之间的存在较强对应关系,可有效的表征不同的损伤类型:在31 kHz内为基体开裂,在31~100 kHz内为脱胶分层,大于100 kHz为纤维断裂;构建AE-BP神经网络模型对应力损伤类型训练样本的拟合优度是95.94%,测试集的拟合优度是98.89%,模型总拟合优度是96.51%,网络训练效果较好。【结论】在应力承载AE监测过程中,通过构建AE-BP模型,可对杨木胶合板产生的未知损伤进行有效检测并准确识别。

水淹胁迫对美洲黑杨嫁接苗叶片色素及光合特性的影响

以‘全红杨’‘中红杨’和‘2025杨'3个品种嫁接苗为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,盆栽模拟水淹环境,以正常浇水条件为对照,研究不同胁迫处理时间下,3个杨树品种的叶片色素含量、光合特性的响应变化及各指标间的相关性。结果表明:水淹胁迫期间,3个杨树品种叶片色素含量及气孔导度(G_(s))、净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))均极显著下降。胁迫后期,叶绿素a含量下降幅度大于叶绿素b,同时叶片C_(i)升高,羧化效率(CE)下降,C_(i)与P_(n)的相关性由正变为负,三者P_(n)的再次下降主要是由非气孔限制所致。对P_(n)的相关性分析表明,花色素苷含量与‘全红杨’叶片P_(n)呈正相关,而‘2025杨’花色素苷含量与P_(n)呈负相关。水淹胁迫70d,3个杨树品种叶片P_(n)均始终为正值,水分利用效率(WUE)大幅提高,表现出稳定的耐涝遗传特质,其中‘全红杨'耐水淹能力相对较弱。

杨叶枯病病原菌生物学特性、防治药剂筛选及杨树抗病性评价

为防治杨树叶枯病,利用单因素试验,对中荷64杨(P.×euramericana cv.‘N3016’)上分离获得的链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)进行了生物学特性及室内防治药剂筛选研究,并开展了不同品种杨树抗叶枯病综合评价。结果表明:链格孢菌菌丝生长的适宜培养基为马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基,适宜碳源为玉米粉,适宜氮源为酵母提取物,适宜培养温度范围为25~30℃,适宜pH为8,光照条件对菌丝生长影响不大,致死温度为52℃。采用生长速率法进行室内防治药剂筛选,结果显示,选用的5种生物制剂防治效果优于2种化学药剂,各药剂抑制作用排序从大到小依次为哈茨木霉(3亿菌落/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌(100亿芽孢/g)、质量分数为10%的多抗霉素、质量分数为3%的中生菌素、质量分数为2%的宁南霉素、质量分数为50%的多菌灵、质量分数为75%的百菌清,将哈茨木霉(3亿菌落/g)和枯草芽孢杆菌(100亿芽孢/g)作为防治链格孢菌的适宜药剂。选用7个黑杨派品种杨树,利用模糊数学隶属度函数法,开展了杨树抗叶枯病综合评价,确定中荷64杨为高感品种,中辽1号杨和欧美杨177为中感品种,渤丰1号杨、渤丰3号杨、辽育3号杨和欧美杨111为高抗品种。

杨木旧材高温作用后力学性能试验研究

依托新疆玉儿滚军垦旧址保护项目,采用火灾后未过火原木制作杨木旧材的标准无疵小试样,考虑温度、恒温时间两种因素高温处理试样并进行抗拉、抗压力学性能试验,探究木材顺纹和横纹方向上的主要力学性能演化规律。在试验基础上,建立了顺纹杨木旧材抗压本构模型。试验结果表明:高温处理后,顺纹木材抗压强度整体下降幅度为15%~30%,横纹木材抗压强度整体下降幅度为20%~50%;顺纹木材和横纹木材的抗拉强度均显著下降,为25%~62%。建立的本构模型曲线与试验结果相比,误差在10%以内,可适用于相应木材力学性能分析。

7个杨树品种苗期叶片解剖结构和叶绿素荧光特性研究

本研究旨在筛选具有高抗逆性和强适应性的杨树优良品种。通过系统研究7个杨树品种的苗期表观生长性状、叶片解剖结构和叶绿素荧光生理特征,并采用单因素方差分析方法比较各品种间指标的差异,同时运用主成分分析法对苗期的生态适应性进行综合评价。结果表明显示,(1)各杨树品种苗期生长表现、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数之间存在显著差异,叶片解剖结构中的下层栅栏厚度、上表皮厚度及上表皮相对厚度有显著差异。其中‘湘林75’和‘巨霸杨’叶绿素含量较高,Y(Ⅱ)、ETR、qP等叶绿素荧光参数也较高,光合能力较强;‘江淮1号杨’叶片较厚,下层栅栏组织发达,抗旱性较强。(2)叶片解剖结构与叶绿素荧光参数间存在相关关系,中脉厚度与ETR、Y(Ⅱ)均显著负相关,栅栏组织、CTR与Fv/Fm显著正相关。叶绿素含量与叶绿素荧光参数间存在相关关系,但未达显著水平。(3)7个杨树品种苗期生态适应性由强到弱为‘湘林75’>‘巨霸杨’>‘湘林90’>‘湘林80’>‘江淮1号杨’>‘2025杨’>‘皖林1号杨’(CK)。