Optical parametric lasers widely using in many science and technology field owin g to its merit of wide tunable spectrum range.But common optical parametric lase rs achieve tune by change of angel or temperature.The t...Optical parametric lasers widely using in many science and technology field owin g to its merit of wide tunable spectrum range.But common optical parametric lase rs achieve tune by change of angel or temperature.The tune velocity and tune pre cision of these tune modes does not satisfy in many applications.The reporting i nto an optical parametric laser which achieve tune by electooptic effect,that have got speediness tune velocity and relatively quite tune precision. The optical parametric device design based on parametric fluorescent produce thr ough sum frequency phase matching in nonlinear optical crystals.It is a tune pr o cess of refractive index about parametric and pump light in nonlinear optical cr ystals namely.But refractive index of nonlinear optical crystals possess electro o ptic effect can change via apply transformable electro field.This change only w a nts a time of ns grade.So optical parametric device with nonlinear optical cryst als possess suitability electrooptic effect can realize speediness tune in princ iple.The idea about design on the recommended device here is somewhat as follows .The tune model is phase tuning.To strive increase the effect of electro optic f unction under keep immovable polarization directions of 3 wavelength in the opti cal parametric process,to strive convenient for apply electro field,the electro field is only sensitive for a refractive index of some wavelength in specificall y spectrum region.The principium examination has showed that the idea is reasona ble.Our count have show also that its tune precision same as expectance.展开更多
在Liu and Kalnay（2008）的研究基础上,将基于集合的观测资料影响性评价方法（简称LK08法）运用到一个简单的大气环流模式中,对模拟探空资料的预报影响性进行了综合评价,考察了LK08法在真实大气环流模式上的适用性。研究结果表明,应用...在Liu and Kalnay（2008）的研究基础上,将基于集合的观测资料影响性评价方法（简称LK08法）运用到一个简单的大气环流模式中,对模拟探空资料的预报影响性进行了综合评价,考察了LK08法在真实大气环流模式上的适用性。研究结果表明,应用基于集合的评价方法可以一次性计算出同化系统中每个观测的影响性,然后按观测手段、观测区域等进行影响性数值的简单累加,以此可以比较不同类型观测的相对影响性。比较结果显示,不同半球的模拟探空观测对预报的总影响性相差不大,但由于南半球资料个数要远远少于北半球,因此,南半球单个观测的影响性要大于北半球的单个观测。不同观测类型对预报的总影响性也不相同。有效性验证分析表明,按LK08法计算得到的总体观测影响性能解释实际影响性的70%~80%,且很好地抓住了其变化和走势。展开更多
The mechanical properties,such as hardness and modulus of elasticity of coatings and the part of thin walls of Ni-based and Co-based alloy prepared by LENS were measured by nanoindentation testing,scanning electron mi...The mechanical properties,such as hardness and modulus of elasticity of coatings and the part of thin walls of Ni-based and Co-based alloy prepared by LENS were measured by nanoindentation testing,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze their microstructure,the affect of parameters on structure and mechanical properties were studied.The results showed that the mechanical properties were basically identical with the whole coating;the hardness and modulus of elasticity of nanoindentation were evenly distributed in the defect field.The average hardness and modulus of elasticity of coating of Ni-based alloy are 8.29GPa and 235GPa.The average hardness and modulus of elasticity of coating of Co-based alloy are 7.08GPa and 243GPa.The modulus of elasticity of part of thin walls has relationship with the grain orientation.展开更多
Q-learning作为一种经典的强化学习算法,其在离散状态下存在计算量高、收敛速度慢等问题。Speedy Q-learning是Q-learning的变种,目的是解决Q-learning算法收敛速度慢问题。为解决多智能体强化学习中“维数灾”问题,在Speedy Q-learnin...Q-learning作为一种经典的强化学习算法,其在离散状态下存在计算量高、收敛速度慢等问题。Speedy Q-learning是Q-learning的变种,目的是解决Q-learning算法收敛速度慢问题。为解决多智能体强化学习中“维数灾”问题,在Speedy Q-learning算法的基础上提出了一种基于动作采样的(action sampling based on Speedy Q-learning,ASSQ)算法。该算法采用集中训练-分散执行(centralized training with decentralized execution,CTDE)的框架,将上一迭代步更新后的Q值作为下一状态的最大Q值,有效降低了Q值的比较次数,整体上提升了算法的收敛速度。为减少学习阶段计算量,算法在集中训练阶段求取下一状态最大Q值时,并没有遍历所有联合动作Q值,而只在联合动作空间上进行部分采样。在动作选择和执行阶段,每个智能体又根据学习到的策略独立选择动作,从而有效提高了算法的学习效率。通过在目标运输任务上验证,ASSQ算法能够以100%的成功率学习到最优联合策略,且计算量明显少于Q-learning算法。展开更多
Endogenous or exogenous insults can cause spinal cord injury(SCI),often resulting in the loss of motor,autonomic,sensory and reflex functions.The pathogenesis of SCI comprises two stages.The primary injury stage occur...Endogenous or exogenous insults can cause spinal cord injury(SCI),often resulting in the loss of motor,autonomic,sensory and reflex functions.The pathogenesis of SCI comprises two stages.The primary injury stage occurs at the moment of trauma and is characterized by hemorrhage and rapid cell death.The secondary injury stage occurs due to progression of primary damage and is characterized by tissue loss and functional disorder.One of the most important cellular mechanisms underlying secondary injury is glutamate excitotoxicity,which overactivates the calpain protease via excessive Ca2+influx and induces neuronal apoptosis via p53 induction.Furthermore,Ca2+influx elicits apoptosis by inducing p53,thus negatively affecting two pathways:the mitogenic extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogenactivated protein kinase(ERK/MAPK)pathway and the survival phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)pathway.Speedy/rapid inducer of G2/M progression in oocytes(Speedy/RINGO)is a cell cycle regulatory protein that increases survival of p53-positive mitotic cells by inhibiting the apoptotic machinery.Moreover,this protein elicits p53-dependent anti-apoptotic effects on calpain-induced degeneration of primary hippocampal neurons,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons,and astrocytes and microglia in spinal cord lesions.The pathophysiology of SCI has not been fully elucidated and this hinders the development of powerful therapeutic strategies.This review focuses on the cellular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic effects of Speedy/RINGO and discusses how this protective function can possibly be exploited to facilitate recovery from SCI.Particular attention is paid to reversal of the negative effects on the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways via induction of p53.展开更多
Ⅰ. The Development Plan for Auto-electronic technology in China 1. The Status Quo of China’s Auto-electronic Technology Application There is a clear disparity between China and developed countries in the field of au...Ⅰ. The Development Plan for Auto-electronic technology in China 1. The Status Quo of China’s Auto-electronic Technology Application There is a clear disparity between China and developed countries in the field of auto-electronic technology. The comprehensive level of China today’s auto-electronic展开更多
文摘Optical parametric lasers widely using in many science and technology field owin g to its merit of wide tunable spectrum range.But common optical parametric lase rs achieve tune by change of angel or temperature.The tune velocity and tune pre cision of these tune modes does not satisfy in many applications.The reporting i nto an optical parametric laser which achieve tune by electooptic effect,that have got speediness tune velocity and relatively quite tune precision. The optical parametric device design based on parametric fluorescent produce thr ough sum frequency phase matching in nonlinear optical crystals.It is a tune pr o cess of refractive index about parametric and pump light in nonlinear optical cr ystals namely.But refractive index of nonlinear optical crystals possess electro o ptic effect can change via apply transformable electro field.This change only w a nts a time of ns grade.So optical parametric device with nonlinear optical cryst als possess suitability electrooptic effect can realize speediness tune in princ iple.The idea about design on the recommended device here is somewhat as follows .The tune model is phase tuning.To strive increase the effect of electro optic f unction under keep immovable polarization directions of 3 wavelength in the opti cal parametric process,to strive convenient for apply electro field,the electro field is only sensitive for a refractive index of some wavelength in specificall y spectrum region.The principium examination has showed that the idea is reasona ble.Our count have show also that its tune precision same as expectance.
文摘在Liu and Kalnay（2008）的研究基础上,将基于集合的观测资料影响性评价方法（简称LK08法）运用到一个简单的大气环流模式中,对模拟探空资料的预报影响性进行了综合评价,考察了LK08法在真实大气环流模式上的适用性。研究结果表明,应用基于集合的评价方法可以一次性计算出同化系统中每个观测的影响性,然后按观测手段、观测区域等进行影响性数值的简单累加,以此可以比较不同类型观测的相对影响性。比较结果显示,不同半球的模拟探空观测对预报的总影响性相差不大,但由于南半球资料个数要远远少于北半球,因此,南半球单个观测的影响性要大于北半球的单个观测。不同观测类型对预报的总影响性也不相同。有效性验证分析表明,按LK08法计算得到的总体观测影响性能解释实际影响性的70%~80%,且很好地抓住了其变化和走势。
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory Foundation(No.51461010101JB3501)
文摘The mechanical properties,such as hardness and modulus of elasticity of coatings and the part of thin walls of Ni-based and Co-based alloy prepared by LENS were measured by nanoindentation testing,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze their microstructure,the affect of parameters on structure and mechanical properties were studied.The results showed that the mechanical properties were basically identical with the whole coating;the hardness and modulus of elasticity of nanoindentation were evenly distributed in the defect field.The average hardness and modulus of elasticity of coating of Ni-based alloy are 8.29GPa and 235GPa.The average hardness and modulus of elasticity of coating of Co-based alloy are 7.08GPa and 243GPa.The modulus of elasticity of part of thin walls has relationship with the grain orientation.
文摘Q-learning作为一种经典的强化学习算法,其在离散状态下存在计算量高、收敛速度慢等问题。Speedy Q-learning是Q-learning的变种,目的是解决Q-learning算法收敛速度慢问题。为解决多智能体强化学习中“维数灾”问题,在Speedy Q-learning算法的基础上提出了一种基于动作采样的(action sampling based on Speedy Q-learning,ASSQ)算法。该算法采用集中训练-分散执行(centralized training with decentralized execution,CTDE)的框架,将上一迭代步更新后的Q值作为下一状态的最大Q值,有效降低了Q值的比较次数,整体上提升了算法的收敛速度。为减少学习阶段计算量,算法在集中训练阶段求取下一状态最大Q值时,并没有遍历所有联合动作Q值,而只在联合动作空间上进行部分采样。在动作选择和执行阶段,每个智能体又根据学习到的策略独立选择动作,从而有效提高了算法的学习效率。通过在目标运输任务上验证,ASSQ算法能够以100%的成功率学习到最优联合策略,且计算量明显少于Q-learning算法。
文摘The government looks to enhance the booming,yet disorganized,express delivery industry With the rapid development of the express delivery industry in
基金grants to Ayşegül Yıldız from Mugla Sitki Kocman University Scientific Research Project Office,Research and Development Projects(17/023)Arzu Karabay from The Turkish Academy of Sciences Distinguished Young Scientist Award(TÜBA-GEBIP)+1 种基金The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TÜBİTAK)The Basic Sciences Research Group(TBAG)(108T811).
文摘Endogenous or exogenous insults can cause spinal cord injury(SCI),often resulting in the loss of motor,autonomic,sensory and reflex functions.The pathogenesis of SCI comprises two stages.The primary injury stage occurs at the moment of trauma and is characterized by hemorrhage and rapid cell death.The secondary injury stage occurs due to progression of primary damage and is characterized by tissue loss and functional disorder.One of the most important cellular mechanisms underlying secondary injury is glutamate excitotoxicity,which overactivates the calpain protease via excessive Ca2+influx and induces neuronal apoptosis via p53 induction.Furthermore,Ca2+influx elicits apoptosis by inducing p53,thus negatively affecting two pathways:the mitogenic extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogenactivated protein kinase(ERK/MAPK)pathway and the survival phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)pathway.Speedy/rapid inducer of G2/M progression in oocytes(Speedy/RINGO)is a cell cycle regulatory protein that increases survival of p53-positive mitotic cells by inhibiting the apoptotic machinery.Moreover,this protein elicits p53-dependent anti-apoptotic effects on calpain-induced degeneration of primary hippocampal neurons,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons,and astrocytes and microglia in spinal cord lesions.The pathophysiology of SCI has not been fully elucidated and this hinders the development of powerful therapeutic strategies.This review focuses on the cellular mechanisms underlying the anti-apoptotic effects of Speedy/RINGO and discusses how this protective function can possibly be exploited to facilitate recovery from SCI.Particular attention is paid to reversal of the negative effects on the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways via induction of p53.
文摘Ⅰ. The Development Plan for Auto-electronic technology in China 1. The Status Quo of China’s Auto-electronic Technology Application There is a clear disparity between China and developed countries in the field of auto-electronic technology. The comprehensive level of China today’s auto-electronic
