中国安氏长舌果蝠的分类记述

1992年3月和1999年12月,分别从云南南部西双版纳勐腊补崩和麻木树采到6号长舌果蝠,经与我国已记载过的翼手目(Chiroptera)狐蝠科(Pteropodidae)长舌果蝠亚科(Macroglossinae)的种类比较:其舌甚长,舌尖具刷状突起,舌面中央有三尖形乳突(tridentate papillae)、前臂长47.31～51.01mm与长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea)相似,但第二指具爪,翼膜止于第三趾趾基,上唇前缘无沟槽,鼻孔不突出,尾极短、隐于毛被中;头骨后部明显向后下方倾斜,齿槽后延线明显超过人字嵴上缘达及顶间骨上缘水平,牙齿非常长而细弱,与长舌果蝠明显有别,这些特征与印度东北部和东南亚一带的安氏长舌果蝠(Macroglossus sobrinus)一致,为我国翼手目狐蝠科长舌果蝠亚科的属、种新纪录,本文对这一属、种作比较详细的记述;另对已记录的长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea),根据新的资料作补充记述。

中国4种蝙蝠的G-带和C-带

首次报道了中国4种蝙蝠的G-带和C-带核型。大长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea)二倍染色体数目(2n)为36,常染色体臂数(FN)为56;马来假吸血蝠(Megaderma spasma)2n=38,FN=70;黑髯墓蝠(Taphozous melanopogon)2n=42,FN=64;皱唇蝠(Chaerephon plicata)2n=48,FN=54。通过C-带显示,除着丝粒异染色质外,在皱唇蝠的许多染色体臂内和马来假吸血蝠染色体的端粒处也有较多的插入异染色质,大长舌果蝠的基因组中既有臂内异染色质也有端粒异染色质。

Ecological study of cave nectar bats reveals low risk of direct transmission of bat viruses to humans

Bats are reservoirs of various viruses.The widely distributed cave nectar bat(Eonycteris spelaea)is known to carry both filoviruses and coronaviruses.However,the potential transmission of theses bat viruses to humans is not fully understood.In this study,we tracked 16 E.spelaea bats in Mengla County,Yunnan Province,China,using miniaturized GPS devices to investigate their movements and potential contact with humans.Furthermore,to determine the prevalence of coronavirus and filovirus infections,we screened for the nucleic acids of the Měnglàvirus(MLAV)and two coronaviruses(GCCDC1-CoV and HKU9-CoV)in anal swab samples taken from bats and for antibodies against these viruses in human serum samples.None of the serum samples were found to contain antibodies against the bat viruses.The GPS tracking results showed that the bats did not fly during the daytime and rarely flew to residential areas.The foraging range of individual bats also varied,with a mean cumulative nightly flight distance of 25.50 km and flight speed of up to 57.4 km/h.Taken together,these results suggest that the risk of direct transmission of GCCDC1-CoV,HKU9-CoV,and MLAV from E.spelaea bats to humans is very low under natural conditions.

乙醇浓度对圈养长舌果蝠摄食糖水量的影响

在自然生境中,果蝠主要以果实或者花蜜为食,成熟果实或花蜜由于微生物发酵而含一定量的乙醇。乙醇在生态系统中是一种常见物质,它是生物厌氧代谢的终端产物之一（Van Waarde,1991）。一旦果实成熟,它们中的糖分就会被微生物或者自身发酵代谢成乙醇（Battcock and Azam-Ali,1998;Dudley,2000,2004）。果实中的乙醇浓度主要是由这些以糖分为能源的发酵微生物的扩增状态来决定，

海南岛发现长舌果蝠

2019年7月于海南岛儋州市石花水洞网捕到1只蝙蝠,形态特征、头骨特征及线粒体Cyt b基因序列鉴定证实其为长舌果蝠(Eonycteris spelaea),该物种为海南岛蝙蝠分布新记录种。其主要鉴别特征为:中等体型,前臂长69.6 mm;第二指无爪;有一短尾,尾长12.9 mm,明显突出于股膜之后;肛腺发达;头骨较大,头骨和吻部相对较长,颅全长35.2 mm,吻长11.4 mm。本文报道了海南岛长舌果蝠的外部形态、头骨特征以及基于Cyt b基因序列的系统发育树结果,并与该物种已报道的数据进行了比较。