Monolithic refractory castables comprising a hydraulic bond are still used in a vast majority of cases because of their flexibility and robustness,despite many developments for chemical as well as non-cement castable ...Monolithic refractory castables comprising a hydraulic bond are still used in a vast majority of cases because of their flexibility and robustness,despite many developments for chemical as well as non-cement castable binders.The drying can however be a challenge,in particular for deflocculated dense castables of the low cement castable range.Many publications have been released on this topic for the last ten years,but they often focused on the drying mechanisms or on the addition of drying aids.This paper presents some experimental results on the effect of the composition on the drying properties,especially on the effect of silicon carbide,used for its high thermal conductivity,and on the matrix system.It also introduces two laboratory tests to study and iteratively improve the drying schedule of a given castable lining.The results show that the spalling resistance and the vapor pressure build-up are significantly influenced by the formulation.It is also shown that the castable properties after drying can be altered if the heating rate is very high.展开更多
Microdialysis is a technique used to measure the unbound antibiotic concentration in the interstitial spaces, the target site of action. In vitro recovery studies are essential to calibrating the microdialysis system ...Microdialysis is a technique used to measure the unbound antibiotic concentration in the interstitial spaces, the target site of action. In vitro recovery studies are essential to calibrating the microdialysis system for in vivo studies. The effect of a combination of antibiotics on recovery into microdialysate requires investigation. In vitro microdialysis recovery studies were conducted on a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin, in a simulated in vivo model. Comparison was made between recoveries for three different concentrations and three different perfusate flow rates. The overall relative recovery for vancomycin was lower than that of tobramycin. For tobramycin, a concentration of 20μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min had the best recovery. A concentration of 5.0μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min yielded maximal recovery for vancomycin. Large molecular size and higher protein binding resulted in lower relative recoveries for vancomycin. Perfusate flow rates and drug concentrations affected the relative recovery when a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin was tested. Low perfusate flow rates were associated with higher recovery rates. For combination antibiotic measurement which includes agents that are highly protein bound, in vitro studies performed prior to in vivo studies may ensure the reliable measurement of unbound concentrations.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the impact of the diameter of SonoVue microbubbles on binding characteristics, including the adhesion rate and stability, of a new contrast agent targeted to choriocarcinoma cells(JARs) in vitro,...Objective:To evaluate the impact of the diameter of SonoVue microbubbles on binding characteristics, including the adhesion rate and stability, of a new contrast agent targeted to choriocarcinoma cells(JARs) in vitro, in order to establish a foundation to explore targeted ultrasound imaging for localization of tumor cell antigens and increase the early diagnostic rate for tumors.Methods:The objects were divided into three groups:the large microbubble group(n = 15), the middling microbubble group(n = 15) and the tiny microbubble group(n = 15).The rosette formation rate was counted.JARs were calculated by flow cytometry(FCM).The targeted contrast agent was prepared by mixing SonoVue microbubbles of different diam-eter with rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) antibody.The binding rates of the targeted contrast agent to JARs before and after PBS rinse were analyzed.Results:The binding rate was significantly lower in the large microbubble group(61.7 ± 1.8)% than in the middling microbubble group(82.6 ± 4.5)% and the tiny microbubble group(91.3 ± 5.8)%(P < 0.05).The binding rates of different diameter microbubbles to JARs before and after PBS rinse were different.The middling microbubbles were the most stable ones, with the binding rate of(82.3 ± 4.5)% and(80.4 ± 3.9)% before and after PBS rinse(P > 0.05).The binding rates of the targeted microbubbles labeled with fluorescence to JARs were 68.6%, 81.3% and 89.3% in the large microbubble group, the middling microbubble group and the tiny microbubble group, respectively(P < 0.05).Conclu-sion:The binding capacity of the targeted SonoVue microbubbles to JARs is related to the diameter of the microbubble, which is determined by the shaking method before preparation.Modulating the diameter of SonoVue microbubbles may increase the binding rate and stability of targeted microbubbles to JARs, thus to improve the image of JARs.展开更多
Binding kinetic properties of protein–ligand complexes are crucial factors affecting the drug potency.Nevertheless,the current in silico techniques are insufficient in providing accurate and robust predictions for bi...Binding kinetic properties of protein–ligand complexes are crucial factors affecting the drug potency.Nevertheless,the current in silico techniques are insufficient in providing accurate and robust predictions for binding kinetic properties.To this end,this work develops a variety of binding kinetic models for predicting a critical binding kinetic property,dissociation rate constant,using eight machine learning(ML)methods(Bayesian Neural Network(BNN),partial least squares regression,Bayesian ridge,Gaussian process regression,principal component regression,random forest,support vector machine,extreme gradient boosting)and the descriptors of the van der Waals/electrostatic interaction energies.These eight models are applied to two case studies involving the HSP90 and RIP1 kinase inhibitors.Both regression results of two case studies indicate that the BNN model has the state-of-the-art prediction accuracy(HSP90:R^(2)_(test)=0:947,MAE_(test)=0.184,rtest=0.976,RMSE_(test)=0.220;RIP1 kinase:R^(2)_(test)=0:745,MAE_(test)=0.188,rtest=0.961,RMSE_(test)=0.290)in comparison with other seven ML models.展开更多
The coherence and exposure degree are used in analyzing initiation of slope sediment.The initial ve- locity is built by using a critical roiling model.A transport rate formula of slope erosion is established using the...The coherence and exposure degree are used in analyzing initiation of slope sediment.The initial ve- locity is built by using a critical roiling model.A transport rate formula of slope erosion is established using the Meyer-Peter model.The formula is tested by experiment and agrees well but the errors are big when the flow discharge and rain intensity are smaller.展开更多
文摘Monolithic refractory castables comprising a hydraulic bond are still used in a vast majority of cases because of their flexibility and robustness,despite many developments for chemical as well as non-cement castable binders.The drying can however be a challenge,in particular for deflocculated dense castables of the low cement castable range.Many publications have been released on this topic for the last ten years,but they often focused on the drying mechanisms or on the addition of drying aids.This paper presents some experimental results on the effect of the composition on the drying properties,especially on the effect of silicon carbide,used for its high thermal conductivity,and on the matrix system.It also introduces two laboratory tests to study and iteratively improve the drying schedule of a given castable lining.The results show that the spalling resistance and the vapor pressure build-up are significantly influenced by the formulation.It is also shown that the castable properties after drying can be altered if the heating rate is very high.
基金funded by the TPCH foundation grant (MS201140)the RBWH foundation grant 2012+1 种基金funding from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council for a Centre of Research Excellence (APP1099452)funded in part by a Practitioner Fellowship (APP1117065) from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
文摘Microdialysis is a technique used to measure the unbound antibiotic concentration in the interstitial spaces, the target site of action. In vitro recovery studies are essential to calibrating the microdialysis system for in vivo studies. The effect of a combination of antibiotics on recovery into microdialysate requires investigation. In vitro microdialysis recovery studies were conducted on a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin, in a simulated in vivo model. Comparison was made between recoveries for three different concentrations and three different perfusate flow rates. The overall relative recovery for vancomycin was lower than that of tobramycin. For tobramycin, a concentration of 20μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min had the best recovery. A concentration of 5.0μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min yielded maximal recovery for vancomycin. Large molecular size and higher protein binding resulted in lower relative recoveries for vancomycin. Perfusate flow rates and drug concentrations affected the relative recovery when a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin was tested. Low perfusate flow rates were associated with higher recovery rates. For combination antibiotic measurement which includes agents that are highly protein bound, in vitro studies performed prior to in vivo studies may ensure the reliable measurement of unbound concentrations.
基金Supported by a grant from Sci-Tech Program Foundation of GuangdongProvince (No. 2006B35901009).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the impact of the diameter of SonoVue microbubbles on binding characteristics, including the adhesion rate and stability, of a new contrast agent targeted to choriocarcinoma cells(JARs) in vitro, in order to establish a foundation to explore targeted ultrasound imaging for localization of tumor cell antigens and increase the early diagnostic rate for tumors.Methods:The objects were divided into three groups:the large microbubble group(n = 15), the middling microbubble group(n = 15) and the tiny microbubble group(n = 15).The rosette formation rate was counted.JARs were calculated by flow cytometry(FCM).The targeted contrast agent was prepared by mixing SonoVue microbubbles of different diam-eter with rabbit anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) antibody.The binding rates of the targeted contrast agent to JARs before and after PBS rinse were analyzed.Results:The binding rate was significantly lower in the large microbubble group(61.7 ± 1.8)% than in the middling microbubble group(82.6 ± 4.5)% and the tiny microbubble group(91.3 ± 5.8)%(P < 0.05).The binding rates of different diameter microbubbles to JARs before and after PBS rinse were different.The middling microbubbles were the most stable ones, with the binding rate of(82.3 ± 4.5)% and(80.4 ± 3.9)% before and after PBS rinse(P > 0.05).The binding rates of the targeted microbubbles labeled with fluorescence to JARs were 68.6%, 81.3% and 89.3% in the large microbubble group, the middling microbubble group and the tiny microbubble group, respectively(P < 0.05).Conclu-sion:The binding capacity of the targeted SonoVue microbubbles to JARs is related to the diameter of the microbubble, which is determined by the shaking method before preparation.Modulating the diameter of SonoVue microbubbles may increase the binding rate and stability of targeted microbubbles to JARs, thus to improve the image of JARs.
基金financial supports of“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”(DUT22YG218),NSFC(22278053,22078041)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710578)“the Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program”(2021RQ105).
文摘Binding kinetic properties of protein–ligand complexes are crucial factors affecting the drug potency.Nevertheless,the current in silico techniques are insufficient in providing accurate and robust predictions for binding kinetic properties.To this end,this work develops a variety of binding kinetic models for predicting a critical binding kinetic property,dissociation rate constant,using eight machine learning(ML)methods(Bayesian Neural Network(BNN),partial least squares regression,Bayesian ridge,Gaussian process regression,principal component regression,random forest,support vector machine,extreme gradient boosting)and the descriptors of the van der Waals/electrostatic interaction energies.These eight models are applied to two case studies involving the HSP90 and RIP1 kinase inhibitors.Both regression results of two case studies indicate that the BNN model has the state-of-the-art prediction accuracy(HSP90:R^(2)_(test)=0:947,MAE_(test)=0.184,rtest=0.976,RMSE_(test)=0.220;RIP1 kinase:R^(2)_(test)=0:745,MAE_(test)=0.188,rtest=0.961,RMSE_(test)=0.290)in comparison with other seven ML models.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation d China(50279024)the Key Project d Ministry d Education(2003-58)
文摘The coherence and exposure degree are used in analyzing initiation of slope sediment.The initial ve- locity is built by using a critical roiling model.A transport rate formula of slope erosion is established using the Meyer-Peter model.The formula is tested by experiment and agrees well but the errors are big when the flow discharge and rain intensity are smaller.
