Application and Care of Two Kinds of Sphenoid Sinus Packing Materials after Pituitary Tumor Resection with the Transnasal Endoscopic Approach

Background: Neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal approach for resection of pituitary adenomas has the advantages of less damage, fewer complications, and a faster recovery than the traditional approach and has beening favored by neurosurgeons. However, there has no standard method of selecting suitable packing materials after the operation to relieve pain in patients and achieve the ideal hemostatic effect. We compared the postoperative complications and treatment effects of two different packing materials in patients with pituitary adenomas. Objective: To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using a catheter balloon and iodoform gauze for hemostasis in patients undergoing pituitary tumor resection by neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal approach. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed these data of 48 cases treated with pituitary adenoma resection by the single nasal approach from January 2018 to October 2019 in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. According to the type of sphenoid sinus packing material used, these patients were divided into balloon tamponade oppression group (24 cases) and tela iodoformum oppression group (24 cases), respectively. The balloon tamponade oppression group received catheter balloon tamponade oppression hemostasis, and the tela iodoformum oppression group underwent tela iodoformum oppression hemostasis. The outcomes and complications were compared between the two groups in which two kinds of sphenoid sinus packing materials were used for hemostasis after tumor resection by transnasal endoscopic approach. For the catheter balloon compression hemostasis method, on account of the plasticity of the balloon, the volume of water in the balloon can be adjusted according to the size of the patient’s own sphenoid cavity. The amount of bleeding and several complications in terms of discomfort during placement and removal of the packing material, rebleeding after removal of the packing, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and electrolyte disturbance are compared between the two groups. Results: 48 patients were enrolled. The two groups’ data of patients were similar in age structure, sex ratio, tumor size at baseline and so on. No complications, such as abscess formation, were found in both groups. The success rate in the compression with catheter balloon group was 100% (24 of 24 patients);and in the iodoform gauze group 83.33% (20 of 24 patients). A catheter balloon was more successful in stopping bleeding at early stage than iodoform gauze. There were no statistically significant differences in the hospitalization stay time, operating day to discharge day and tampon indwelling time (P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in pairwise comparison between the catheter balloon group and iodoform gauze groups in the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or electrolyte disturbance between the two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of headache in the catheter balloon group was statistically significantly lower than that in the iodoform gauze group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients undergoing endoscopic pituitary tumor resection, compression and hemostasis by means of catheterization expansion lead to lower rates of injury and complications and have a good effect, so this method is worthy of being recommended for clinical practice.

Anatomic Variants of Sphenoid Sinuses and Adjacent Structures: A Study of 225 Skull CT Scans at CNHU-HKM in Benin, West Africa

Objective: This study aimed to describe anatomic variants of sphenoidal sinuses and adjacent structures. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was carried out at The National and University Teaching Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM), of Cotonou in Benin from November 1st to December 31st. A review of CT scans skull was done for the subjects aged at least 16 years old. Anatomic variants of the sphenoid sinuses and adjacent structures have been investigated. Results: 225 CT scans of skull were analyzed. The sellar type was the most common type of pneumatization of sphenoid sinuses (74.7%). Pneumatization of anterior clinoid processes of greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid and of pterygoid processes was observed in 7.1%;4.6%;3.3% and 7.3%;respectively. Protrusion of carotid canals and optic canals, maxillary and vidian nerves were observed in 48.3%;13.1%;18% and 9.5%;respectively. Conclusion: Risky anatomic variants of the sphenoid sinuses and adjacent structures are also described by CT-scan among Beninese. Before any surgery and to avoid bad outcome, a precise approach of these risky anatomic variants must be carried out by using CT-scan.

Management of Sphenoidal Sinus Lesions by Septal-assisted Approach: Surgical Skills and Advantages

Summary： The aim of this study was to develop a less invasive trans-septal approach for the endo- scopic management of sphenoid sinus lesions. We performed a septal-assisted surgical procedure for endoscopic sphenoidectomy in 38 patients with isolated or combined sphenoidal sinus lesions, including fungal balls, mucoceles, purulent cystic sphenoidal sinusitis, etc. The posterior portion of the nasal sep- turn became flexible after removal of the vomer and the sphenoidal rostrum. The superior portion of the common meatus was expanded to accommodate the endoscope after the septum was repositioned con- tra-laterally. The lesions were individually managed through the enlarged ostiums while damage to the mucosa of the front sphenoidal wall was avoided. All the procedures were completed successfully without intraoperative complications, and the bony ostiums were identified easily and enlarged accu- rately. During the follow-up period of 16 weeks to 2 years, no re-atresia or restenosis was observed. The recurrence rate was 0. No postoperative complications were recorded. All the responses from the pa- tients were satisfactory. It was concluded that endoscopic sphenoidectomy assisted by trans-septal ap- proach is a feasible, safe, effective and minimally invasive approach for selected cases with unilateral or bilateral lesions in the sphenoid sinuses.

Invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis mimicking sellar tumor: a report of 4 cases and systematic literature review

Background:Invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis is a rare but life-threatening condition usually found in immunocompromised patients.When involving cavernous sinus and surrounding structures,patients are frequently misdiagnosed with a neoplasm or sellar abscess.Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to patients’outcomes.The objective of this study is to review cases of invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis to describe disease manifestations,imaging features,treatment,and outcome.Case presentation:We describe four patients with invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis misdiagnosed as sellar tumors preoperatively.The mass was completely removed in three patients and partially removed in one patient microscopically.Pathological examinations confirmed Aspergillus in all cases.All four patients received anti-fungal agents postoperatively.There was no recurrence at the time of each patient’s follow-up date.One patient with complete resection was lost to follow-up while the other three patients’neurologic function improved.Additionally,we performed a systematic review regarding invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis of existing English literature.Conclusion:With regard to clinical symptoms,headache,vision impairment,and ophthalmoplegia were observed in over half of the patients in the literature.A sellar mass with bone destruction on CT and involvement of cavernous sinus is highly suggestive of invasive fungal sphenoid sinusitis.Immediate surgical removal of the lesion is recommended for invasive sphenoid sinus aspergillosis to preserve nerve function and increase the likelihood of survival.

真菌球型蝶窦炎临床分析

目的提高对孤立性真菌球型蝶窦炎的认识,有利于早期诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析10例孤立性真菌球型蝶窦炎的临床表现、影像学特点、鼻内镜手术方法及疗效。结果10例患者最主要的临床表现为头痛或/和涕中带血,主要影像学特征为单侧蝶窦内软组织影,骨壁増厚,中央常可见高密度钙化斑。全部患者鼻内镜下行蝶窦开放术,定期换药,随访3～18个月,全部治愈。结论孤立性真菌球型蝶窦炎临床表现无特异性,早期不易发现,CT扫描及鼻内镜检查有利于早期诊断,病理学检查可确诊,采用鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术具有创伤小、并发症少和术后恢复快等优点,值得推广。

经鼻内镜颅底手术后蝶窦炎的诊断与治疗

目的回顾分析经鼻内镜颅底手术后蝶窦炎的致病原因,总结其诊断与治疗特点并评价预后。方法纳入2005年6月至2017年12月行经鼻内镜颅底手术后继发蝶窦炎的患者共24例,采用扩大内镜经鼻入路手术开放蝶窦并清除病灶;通过鼻窦CT、MRI、鼻内镜检查,以及视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Lund-Kcnncdy评分评价患者预后。结果临床表现以头痛(21例,87.50%)、鼻塞(11例,45.83%)、流涕(9例,37.50%)为主要症状。术前鼻窦影像学检查可见广泛性蝶窦壁骨质增厚和(或)蝶鞍骨质不连续,蝶窦壁黏膜呈中等强化征象;术中鼻内镜下可见后组筛窦和蝶窦区黏膜水肿、息肉、瘢痕形成。手术前后VAS评分之头痛(F=118.961,P=0.000)、鼻塞(F=3.519,P=0.035)、流涕(F=30.563,P=0.000)和Lund-Kennedy评分(F=26.064,P=0.000)差异具有统计学意义,其中术后3和12个月V AS评分之头痛(均P=0.000)、流涕(均P=0.000)和Lund-Kennedy评分(均P=0.000)均低于术前。结论经鼻内镜颅底手术视野不充分,不恰当应用人工材料可导致蝶窦炎症反应,引起较严重的头痛、鼻塞和流涕症状;以内镜下扩大开放蝶窦,清理窦内病变组织和修复材料为首选治疗方法,从而改善症状和使黏膜上皮化。

慢性蝶窦炎

蝶窦炎因其特殊的解剖部位及无独特临床症状，往往被临床医师忽视，以往报道少。本组分析了５８例蝶窦炎，其特异的临床症状不明显，由于ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ和鼻内窥镜的广泛应用，使本病诊断已不困难。鼻内窥镜下的手术处理，患者痛苦少，操作简单。本组大部分病例（５３例）为继发于鼻腔及筛窦病变的蝶筛窦炎，孤立性蝶窦炎５例，在临床上比较少见。

以神经系统表现为首发症状的孤立性蝶窦炎诊治分析

目的探讨以神经系统表现为首发症状的孤立性蝶窦炎的临床特征和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1998年4月～2004年4月在本院接受治疗的以神经系统表现为首发症状的孤立性蝶窦炎21例的临床表现、影像学资料及诊治经过。结果21例中主诉单纯头痛9例,视力下降和/或复视6例,头痛并有眼部表现者5例,眼球突出者1例。10例有明确的脑神经损害定位症状,包括第Ⅱ对脑神经损害4例,第Ⅲ对脑神经损害1例,第Ⅳ对脑神经损害1例,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ对脑神经联合损害者2例,第Ⅵ对脑神经损害2例。全部病例均行鼻内镜下蝶窦开放病变清除术,除1例死于颅内感染外,其余病例症状全部缓解。结论以神经系统表现为首发症状的孤立性蝶窦炎尚未被临床各科室充分认识,常在眼科和神经内科误诊误治,因此,在头痛和/或有眼部神经损害病人中应注意孤立性蝶窦炎的鉴别诊断,CT和MRI是其最佳确诊手段,经鼻内镜手术是治疗孤立性蝶窦炎的有效方法。

双侧扩大蝶窦成形术治疗难治性蝶窦炎的临床分析

目的探讨双侧扩大蝶窦成形术治疗难治性蝶窦炎的手术适应证、手术方法及术后疗效。方法对收治的难治性蝶窦炎采用双侧扩大蝶窦成形术,术后随访观察患者的临床疗效。结果 6例诊治的难治性蝶窦炎患者术后头痛、头闷胀感等临床就诊症状均明显缓解,未发生动脉性鼻出血及鼻中隔穿孔等并发症,术后所有患者术腔黏膜均上皮化良好,黏膜完全上皮化时间平均8.4周。结论采用双侧扩大蝶窦成形术治疗难治性蝶窦炎,效果良好,是一种值得推广的手术方法。

伴慢性蝶窦炎的垂体瘤经蝶窦显微手术初步探讨

【目的】探讨伴有慢性蝶窦炎的垂体瘤经蝶窦显微手术方法 ,如何预防继发颅内感染。【方法】对 15例伴有慢性蝶窦炎的垂体瘤患者施行经蝶窦手术 ,术中完整地剥除蝶窦粘膜 ,打开鞍底前及切瘤后 ,用双氧水、酒精及庆大霉素浸泡蝶窦腔及瘤腔各 2次 ,每次 1min ,X线或导航定位下显微放大 8～ 15倍切瘤 ,切瘤后用链霉素粉肌肉浆封闭鞍底 ,术后加强抗炎3～ 5d。【结果】本组肿瘤全切除 12例 ,次全切除 3例 ,无死亡及其他并发症。【结论】慢性蝶窦炎不应再成为经蝶入路的禁忌症。

鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗孤立性蝶窦炎疗效分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗孤立性蝶窦炎的疗效。方法对符合孤立性蝶窦炎症状诊断、影像学检查显示有单纯蝶窦炎性病变的患者50例行功能性鼻内镜手术,比较手术前及术后3、12个月视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及鼻内镜Lund-Kennedy评分,回顾性分析鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术对孤立性蝶窦炎的疗效。结果 50例孤立性蝶窦炎患者经功能性鼻内镜手术后,术前的VAS评分及鼻内镜Lund-Kennedy评分与术后3、12个月,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经蝶窦自然开口径路蝶窦开放手术治疗孤立性蝶窦炎具有创伤小、术野清晰、手术安全等优点,具有显著的临床疗效。

孤立性蝶窦炎的CT表现及其临床意义

目的探讨孤立性蝶窦炎的CT临床征象及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院1998年～2006年6月诊治的18例孤立性蝶窦炎的临床和影像学资料。全部患者均行蝶窦冠状位及水平位薄层CT扫描。结果本组中17例以头痛为主诉就诊。18例中,蝶窦气化分型为鞍前型7例(7/18,38.9%),鞍后型6例(6/18,33.3%),甲介型5例(5/18,27.8%)。12例蝶窦有中隔,其中1个中隔6例,2个中隔4例,2个以上中隔者2例;6例蝶窦为单房。CT表现为蝶窦腔的部分或全部混浊变暗,蝶窦内密度增高。11例行鼻内窥镜蝶窦开放冲洗术,7例行抗感染治疗,均治愈。结论CT可提供蝶窦解剖的细节和病变的范围,对鼻内窥镜手术有指导意义。CT可作为诊断孤立性蝶窦炎的首选方法。

孤立性真菌球型蝶窦炎13例临床分析

目的:探讨孤立性真菌球型蝶窦炎的临床特征及鼻内镜手术疗效。方法:回顾性分析13例确诊为孤立性真菌球型蝶窦炎患者的临床症状、鼻内镜检查所见、影像学特点、鼻内镜手术疗效。结果:临床症状为头痛10例次(77%),涕中带血2例次(15%)。鼻内镜检查发现蝶窦自然口周黏膜息肉样变6例,蝶窦自然口闭锁1例。鼻窦CT扫描显示全部病例单侧蝶窦腔内混浊影,其中有高密度的钙化斑块或斑点9例,窦腔骨壁增厚6例,蝶窦前壁破坏2例,窦腔内有气泡样影2例。全部患者采用经蝶窦自然口径路鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术,术后随访1～4年,临床症状消失,术腔清洁,无一例复发。结论:孤立性真菌球型蝶窦炎临床症状无特异性,以头痛最为常见;鼻窦CT扫描显示蝶窦腔内混浊影伴有斑点状或条块状钙化是本病最具特征性的表现;鼻内镜结合鼻窦CT检查可提高本病的诊断率;鼻内镜下经蝶窦自然口径路蝶窦开放术是治疗本病的首选方法。

孤立性蝶窦炎症性疾病

目的提高对孤立性蝶窦炎症性疾病的认识,争取早期诊断和及时治疗,避免产生严重并发症。方法回顾性分析23例孤立性蝶窦炎症性疾病的临床表现、影像学特点、治疗结果和随访情况,并复习相关文献。结果本病主要症状为头痛和视觉损害,全部病例行鼻内镜下蝶窦开放手术。随访6～14个月,无复发。结论孤立性蝶窦炎症性疾病症状无特异性,不易及时确诊;鼻内镜和CT检查能提高术前诊断率,功能性鼻内镜手术在蝶窦炎症性疾病的治疗上具有明显优势。

孤立性蝶窦炎的需氧菌分析

目的分析孤立性蝶窦炎的需氧菌分布及对常用抗生素敏感情况,为临床治疗孤立性蝶窦炎提供依据。方法在鼻内镜手术中以无菌方式取2 2例孤立性蝶窦炎的蝶窦内分泌物及黏膜,进行需氧菌培养和常用抗生素的药敏试验,并与6 0例正常鼻腔中鼻道分泌物及3 0例慢性蝶窦炎组(多鼻窦炎患者)蝶窦内容物的细菌培养结果对比。结果孤立性蝶窦炎组需氧菌检出率7 7.3%,正常鼻腔中鼻道组需氧菌检出率7 8.3%,慢性鼻窦炎合并蝶窦炎组需氧菌检出率8 6.7%。孤立性蝶窦炎G+菌占1 0 0%;正常中鼻道组G+菌占7 0.2%,G-菌占2 9.8%;慢性鼻窦炎合并蝶窦炎组G+菌占8 0.8%,G-菌占1 9.2%。孤立性蝶窦炎组需氧菌普遍对β-内酰胺类、头孢类耐药。结论孤立性蝶窦炎以需氧菌感染为主,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌。

内镜下切除伴有蝶窦变异的垂体瘤手术中神经导航的应用

目的探讨神经导航在内镜下经单鼻孔切除伴有蝶窦复杂变异的垂体瘤手术中的应用。方法回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2006年8月,应用神经导航技术对伴有蝶窦复杂变异的垂体瘤进行内镜下单鼻孔手术11例。其中GH腺瘤3例,PRL腺瘤5例,ACTH腺瘤1例,无功能性腺瘤2例。蝶窦冠状CT及蝶窦X线平片提示蝶窦形态,多隔腔3例(均>4腔,其中伴横隔腔1例),鞍前型3例,甲介型5例。术前行头部CT、MRI扫描,术中神经导航定位,在内镜下经单鼻孔切除肿瘤。结果术后随访3～25个月,术前症状(视力受损,尿崩症)均在术后消失,随访血内分泌指标均在正常范围内。术后随访1年以上的病例(8例)复查MRI均提示未见肿瘤残留或复发。术后所有病例均无出现颅内出血,视力,视野障碍,尿崩,脑脊液漏,颅内感染等并发症。结论对于伴有蝶窦复杂变异,尤其对于甲介型和鞍前型的垂体瘤手术,应用神经导航辅助内镜能确保术中定位准确,术野大且直观。有利于切除肿瘤,并保护周围重要结构。

鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗真菌性蝶窦炎10例

目的观察鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗真菌性蝶窦炎的疗效。方法回顾性分析鼻内镜下行蝶窦开放术治疗的10例真菌性蝶窦炎患者,总结其临床表现、影像学特征及治疗效果。结果真菌性蝶窦炎以涕中带血、头痛为主要症状表现,鼻窦CT扫描在其诊断中具有重要意义。经鼻内镜下蝶窦开放术治疗后随访1年,10例均未见复发。结论鼻内镜手术具有创伤小、出血少、视野清晰、安全等优点,符合功能性手术的理念,是真菌性蝶窦炎的有效治疗方法。

孤立性真菌球性蝶窦炎的诊断和治疗

目的总结孤立性真菌球性蝶窦炎的临床特征及其诊断与治疗经验。方法回顾性分析12例孤立性真菌球性蝶窦炎的临床资料及鼻内镜手术后的随访结果,总结本病诊断与治疗的临床经验与体会。结果所有病例中,表现头痛或眼部疼痛者9例(75%),涕中带血3例(25%)。CT扫描均表现为窦腔高密度影,窦内有斑点状或条块状钙化影者10例(83%)。12例均在鼻内镜下手术治疗。术后随访6～24个月,术腔黏膜康复良好,无病变复发。结论孤立性真菌球性蝶窦炎临床症状无诊断特异性,CT扫描是诊断本病的主要影像学方法,鼻内镜下经蝶窦前壁自然口的术式应为首选手术方法。

孤立性蝶窦炎性病变的鼻内窥镜手术

目的 :提高对孤立性蝶窦炎性病变症状、体征的认识和首诊准确率 ,探讨其诊疗措施。方法 :分析14例孤立性蝶窦炎性疾病的临床表现及鼻内窥镜治疗的优势。结果 :全部病例术后临床症状逐步消失 ,头痛在抽除填塞物后缓解 ,3～ 2 2d逐步消失 ,平均 9.37d ;伴随症状术后很快消失 ;窦口宽畅 ,引流良好 ;随访半年无 1例复发。结论 :CT和MRI是孤立性蝶窦病变的最佳诊断手段 ;经鼻窦内窥镜手术具有径路安全 ,视野清楚 ,痛苦小 ,疗效肯定 ,术后不易复发等优点。