This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeogra...This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeographic regions in China.The results suggested that the division of Northern China was coincident with the distribution pattern of Chinese ground spiders,but there was subregion recombination between the other regions.There was aggregation between Da Hinggan Mountains subregion in the Northeast,east plain subregion in Mengxin area and west hungriness subregion,between Tianshan mountainous subregion in Mengxin area,Qiangtang altiplano subregion and the southwest mountainous region subregion in Southwest,and between east hill plain subregion in central China,west mountainous region altiplano subregion,Min and Guang coastal subregion in south of China and south Dian mountainous region subregion.The other two subregions in the Northeast formed a region.Qinghai and south Xizang subregion in Qinghai-Xizang Region formed a branch independently.展开更多
Drassyllus yaginumai Kamura, 1987 and Zelotes tortuosus Kamura, 1987 belonging to Gnaphosidae were captured by pitfall trap in maize and soybean fields during the survey of arthropod fauna of agricultural ecosystem in...Drassyllus yaginumai Kamura, 1987 and Zelotes tortuosus Kamura, 1987 belonging to Gnaphosidae were captured by pitfall trap in maize and soybean fields during the survey of arthropod fauna of agricultural ecosystem in Korea. Present work describes these 2 species with illustrations of taxonomic characters.展开更多
Spiders are among the most varied terrestrial predators,with highly diverse morphology,ecology,and behavior.Morphological and molecular data have greatly contributed to advances in the phylogeny and evolutionary dynam...Spiders are among the most varied terrestrial predators,with highly diverse morphology,ecology,and behavior.Morphological and molecular data have greatly contributed to advances in the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of spiders.Here,we performed comprehensive mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis on 78 mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)representing 29 families;of these,23 species from eight families were newly generated.Mesothelae retained the same gene arrangement as the arthropod ancestor(Limulus polyphemus),while Opisthothelae showed extensive rearrangement,with 12 rearrangement types in transfer RNAs(tRNAs)and control region.Most spider tRNAs were extremely truncated and lacked typical dihydrouridine or TΨC arms,showing high tRNA structural diversity;in particular,trnS1 exhibited anticodon diversity across the phylogeny.The evolutionary rates of mitochondrial genes were potentially associated with gene rearrangement or truncated tRNAs.Both mitogenomic sequences and rearrangements possessed phylogenetic characteristics,providing a robust backbone for spider phylogeny,as previously reported.The monophyly of suborder,infraorder,retrolateral tibial apophysis clade,and families(except for Pisauridae)was separately supported,and high-level relationships were resolved as(Mesothelae,(Mygalomorphae,(Entelegynae,(Synspermiata,Hypochilidae)))).The phylogenetic positions of several families were also resolved(e.g.,Eresidae,Oecobiidae and Titanoecidae).Two reconstructions of ancestral web type obtained almost identical results,indicating that the common ancestor of spiders likely foraged using a silk-lined burrow.This study,the largest mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis of spiders to date,highlights the usefulness of mitogenomic data not only for providing efficient phylogenetic signals for spider phylogeny,but also for characterizing trait diversification in spider evolution.展开更多
326 species of spiders belonging to 26 families are recorded from the Bolshekhekhtsyrski State Nature Reserve,of them 70 are new records for the reserve and six are new to the fauna of Russia:Asperthorax borealis Ono ...326 species of spiders belonging to 26 families are recorded from the Bolshekhekhtsyrski State Nature Reserve,of them 70 are new records for the reserve and six are new to the fauna of Russia:Asperthorax borealis Ono et Saito,2001; Cyclosa kumadai Tanikawa,1992; Cyclosa okumae Tanikawa,1992(earlier it was identified as C. argenteoalba Bosenberg et Strand,1906); Haplodrassus taepaikensis Paik,1992; Hypselistes fossilobus Fei et Zhu,1993; and Pachygnatha gaoi Zhu et al.,2003. The name Pronous minutus (S. Saito,1939) is synonymized with Pronoides brunneus Schenkel,1936. The male of H. taepaikensis is illustrated for the first time. Composition of the fauna is briefly discussed; 41% of the recorded species have their ranges confined to the SE Palaearctics. By its species diversity,the reserve's fauna is the second largest local fauna eastward of the Urals. An expected spider diversity of this reserve is likely to be over 400 species.展开更多
Silkworms and spiders are capable of generating fibers that are both highly durable and elastic in a short span of time,using a silk solution stored within their bodies at room temperature and normal atmospheric press...Silkworms and spiders are capable of generating fibers that are both highly durable and elastic in a short span of time,using a silk solution stored within their bodies at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure.The dragline silk fiber,which is essentially a spider's lifeline,surpasses the strength of a steel wire of equivalent thickness.Regrettably,humans have yet to replicate this process to produce fibers with similar high strength and elasticity in an eco-friendly manner.Therefore,it is of utmost importance to thoroughly comprehend the extraordinary structure and fibrillation mechanism of silk,and leverage this understanding in the manufacturing of high-strength,high-elasticity fibers.This review will delve into the recent progress in comprehending the structure of silks derived from silkworms and spiders,emphasizing the distinctive attributes of solidstate NMR.展开更多
在海岛可再生能源替代与电动汽车技术大规模应用的背景下,为解决偏远海岛居民的用电需求,提出了计及需求响应的电动汽车接入海岛微电网群的优化方法。首先,根据实际监测数据集对电动汽车充电行为建模,对比多种分布形式的联合评价和指标...在海岛可再生能源替代与电动汽车技术大规模应用的背景下,为解决偏远海岛居民的用电需求,提出了计及需求响应的电动汽车接入海岛微电网群的优化方法。首先,根据实际监测数据集对电动汽车充电行为建模,对比多种分布形式的联合评价和指标,得到拟合较好的概率分布函数。其次,选取多个海岛构成低碳化海岛能源系统,在考虑可再生能源渗透率和用户满意度的前提下,建立了以海岛微电网群的经济性和环保效益最优为目标的微电网群优化模型,利用蜘蛛蜂优化(spider wasp optimization,SWO)算法求解。最后,以浙江某海岛群为例进行验证,算例结果表明,所提海岛微电网群优化模型能够在满足可再生能源高渗透率的场景下,有效降低系统成本,更具经济性。展开更多
针对经典蜘蛛蜂优化算法初始种群分布不合理、搜索与开发之间的转换不平衡、易陷入局部最优等问题,提出了一种融合对偶学习的动态蜘蛛蜂优化算法(dynamic spider wasp optimizer combined with duality learning,CLDSWO)。首先,结合Tent...针对经典蜘蛛蜂优化算法初始种群分布不合理、搜索与开发之间的转换不平衡、易陷入局部最优等问题,提出了一种融合对偶学习的动态蜘蛛蜂优化算法(dynamic spider wasp optimizer combined with duality learning,CLDSWO)。首先,结合Tent和Sinusoidal映射,设计了TS(Tent-Sinusoidal)映射,并采用TS映射生成分布更广泛且均匀的初始蜘蛛蜂种群。其次,设计了一个动态权衡因子,自适应地调整狩猎和交配行为之间的转换,实现全局搜索和局部优化之间的平衡。引入了基于对偶学习的变异机制,在对偶学习的过程中,引入逐维变异机制,加速算法的收敛,增强逃离局部最优的能力。为了验证CLDSWO算法的有效性,利用10个基准函数和CEC2017函数进行实验,并通过Wilcoxon检验证实仿真结果的显著性,实验结果表明,CLDSWO在平衡收敛精度和速度方面更具竞争力。将CLDSWO算法应用至压力容器设计问题和无源时差定位问题中,结果表明CLDSWO的精度分别提升了1.28%和36.67%,验证了CLDSWO算法在求解实际工程应用问题中的有效性。展开更多
文摘This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeographic regions in China.The results suggested that the division of Northern China was coincident with the distribution pattern of Chinese ground spiders,but there was subregion recombination between the other regions.There was aggregation between Da Hinggan Mountains subregion in the Northeast,east plain subregion in Mengxin area and west hungriness subregion,between Tianshan mountainous subregion in Mengxin area,Qiangtang altiplano subregion and the southwest mountainous region subregion in Southwest,and between east hill plain subregion in central China,west mountainous region altiplano subregion,Min and Guang coastal subregion in south of China and south Dian mountainous region subregion.The other two subregions in the Northeast formed a region.Qinghai and south Xizang subregion in Qinghai-Xizang Region formed a branch independently.
文摘Drassyllus yaginumai Kamura, 1987 and Zelotes tortuosus Kamura, 1987 belonging to Gnaphosidae were captured by pitfall trap in maize and soybean fields during the survey of arthropod fauna of agricultural ecosystem in Korea. Present work describes these 2 species with illustrations of taxonomic characters.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK0302)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(20JR5RA252)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou University(20210010020,20210010002)。
文摘Spiders are among the most varied terrestrial predators,with highly diverse morphology,ecology,and behavior.Morphological and molecular data have greatly contributed to advances in the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of spiders.Here,we performed comprehensive mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis on 78 mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)representing 29 families;of these,23 species from eight families were newly generated.Mesothelae retained the same gene arrangement as the arthropod ancestor(Limulus polyphemus),while Opisthothelae showed extensive rearrangement,with 12 rearrangement types in transfer RNAs(tRNAs)and control region.Most spider tRNAs were extremely truncated and lacked typical dihydrouridine or TΨC arms,showing high tRNA structural diversity;in particular,trnS1 exhibited anticodon diversity across the phylogeny.The evolutionary rates of mitochondrial genes were potentially associated with gene rearrangement or truncated tRNAs.Both mitogenomic sequences and rearrangements possessed phylogenetic characteristics,providing a robust backbone for spider phylogeny,as previously reported.The monophyly of suborder,infraorder,retrolateral tibial apophysis clade,and families(except for Pisauridae)was separately supported,and high-level relationships were resolved as(Mesothelae,(Mygalomorphae,(Entelegynae,(Synspermiata,Hypochilidae)))).The phylogenetic positions of several families were also resolved(e.g.,Eresidae,Oecobiidae and Titanoecidae).Two reconstructions of ancestral web type obtained almost identical results,indicating that the common ancestor of spiders likely foraged using a silk-lined burrow.This study,the largest mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis of spiders to date,highlights the usefulness of mitogenomic data not only for providing efficient phylogenetic signals for spider phylogeny,but also for characterizing trait diversification in spider evolution.
文摘326 species of spiders belonging to 26 families are recorded from the Bolshekhekhtsyrski State Nature Reserve,of them 70 are new records for the reserve and six are new to the fauna of Russia:Asperthorax borealis Ono et Saito,2001; Cyclosa kumadai Tanikawa,1992; Cyclosa okumae Tanikawa,1992(earlier it was identified as C. argenteoalba Bosenberg et Strand,1906); Haplodrassus taepaikensis Paik,1992; Hypselistes fossilobus Fei et Zhu,1993; and Pachygnatha gaoi Zhu et al.,2003. The name Pronous minutus (S. Saito,1939) is synonymized with Pronoides brunneus Schenkel,1936. The male of H. taepaikensis is illustrated for the first time. Composition of the fauna is briefly discussed; 41% of the recorded species have their ranges confined to the SE Palaearctics. By its species diversity,the reserve's fauna is the second largest local fauna eastward of the Urals. An expected spider diversity of this reserve is likely to be over 400 species.
基金support by a JSPS KAKENHI,Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C),Grant Number JP19K05609.
文摘Silkworms and spiders are capable of generating fibers that are both highly durable and elastic in a short span of time,using a silk solution stored within their bodies at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure.The dragline silk fiber,which is essentially a spider's lifeline,surpasses the strength of a steel wire of equivalent thickness.Regrettably,humans have yet to replicate this process to produce fibers with similar high strength and elasticity in an eco-friendly manner.Therefore,it is of utmost importance to thoroughly comprehend the extraordinary structure and fibrillation mechanism of silk,and leverage this understanding in the manufacturing of high-strength,high-elasticity fibers.This review will delve into the recent progress in comprehending the structure of silks derived from silkworms and spiders,emphasizing the distinctive attributes of solidstate NMR.
文摘在海岛可再生能源替代与电动汽车技术大规模应用的背景下,为解决偏远海岛居民的用电需求,提出了计及需求响应的电动汽车接入海岛微电网群的优化方法。首先,根据实际监测数据集对电动汽车充电行为建模,对比多种分布形式的联合评价和指标,得到拟合较好的概率分布函数。其次,选取多个海岛构成低碳化海岛能源系统,在考虑可再生能源渗透率和用户满意度的前提下,建立了以海岛微电网群的经济性和环保效益最优为目标的微电网群优化模型,利用蜘蛛蜂优化(spider wasp optimization,SWO)算法求解。最后,以浙江某海岛群为例进行验证,算例结果表明,所提海岛微电网群优化模型能够在满足可再生能源高渗透率的场景下,有效降低系统成本,更具经济性。
文摘针对经典蜘蛛蜂优化算法初始种群分布不合理、搜索与开发之间的转换不平衡、易陷入局部最优等问题,提出了一种融合对偶学习的动态蜘蛛蜂优化算法(dynamic spider wasp optimizer combined with duality learning,CLDSWO)。首先,结合Tent和Sinusoidal映射,设计了TS(Tent-Sinusoidal)映射,并采用TS映射生成分布更广泛且均匀的初始蜘蛛蜂种群。其次,设计了一个动态权衡因子,自适应地调整狩猎和交配行为之间的转换,实现全局搜索和局部优化之间的平衡。引入了基于对偶学习的变异机制,在对偶学习的过程中,引入逐维变异机制,加速算法的收敛,增强逃离局部最优的能力。为了验证CLDSWO算法的有效性,利用10个基准函数和CEC2017函数进行实验,并通过Wilcoxon检验证实仿真结果的显著性,实验结果表明,CLDSWO在平衡收敛精度和速度方面更具竞争力。将CLDSWO算法应用至压力容器设计问题和无源时差定位问题中,结果表明CLDSWO的精度分别提升了1.28%和36.67%,验证了CLDSWO算法在求解实际工程应用问题中的有效性。
