Our overall knowledge of the medicinal uses of plants suggests that natural compounds could be useful in the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections in tropical regions. Furthermore, the possibilities of treatment us...Our overall knowledge of the medicinal uses of plants suggests that natural compounds could be useful in the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections in tropical regions. Furthermore, the possibilities of treatment using plant extracts may be even broader than is already known when one considers plants that have not been extensively studied in this context, such as the regional species Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi. This study compared the antimicrobial activity of Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi extracts in terms of their biochemical and molecular effects on Candida albicans (ATCC CA 10231). These effects included altered levels of intracellular sterols, changes in the permeability of the cell membrane, and changes in the TEF1: QRTTEF1, CaERG1: ERG1, CdERG12: CdERG1, and ERG25: ERG25 genes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify morphological characteristics, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analyses were conducted. In treated samples, the SEM and EDAX analyses showed cell cavities and shrinkage of the cell wall, and the number of cells was reduced to only a few abnormal cells as compared with that in the untreated samples. Yttrium was detected in the cells treated with Z. spina-christi, and high levels of osmium were detected in the cells treated with P. dactylifera. Compared with control cells, cells exposed to the concentration 150 μl/ml of Z. spina-christi extract had an average sterol concentration that was nearly 3 times higher, while the concentration was 5.5 times higher for cells treated with the 150 μl/ml of P. dactylifera extract. The ethanol extracts affected the permeability of C. albicans cell membrane. Gene sequencing showed gaps and mismatches in the ERG1, ERG12, and ERG25 genes after treatment with P. dactylifera and Z. spina-christi extracts compared with that in the controls. The results were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01). We conclude that the ethanol extracts of P. dactylifera and Z. spina-christi have antimicrobial activity through several mechanisms in the yeast cell.展开更多
Salicylic acid (SA) is one of numerous phenolic compounds found in plants with numerous important physiological events. Exogenously application of Salicylic acid (SA) is useful for the growth and development of plants...Salicylic acid (SA) is one of numerous phenolic compounds found in plants with numerous important physiological events. Exogenously application of Salicylic acid (SA) is useful for the growth and development of plants. This investigation aimed to study the improving effect of salicylic acid on the tissue culture of Ziziphus spina-christi. To study its improving effect were used shoot-tip explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with different concentrations and various combinations of auxins, cytokinins and Salicylic acid. Media without growth regulators enhanced the growth and elongation of shoot-tip explants not its proliferation. Lower concentrations of cytokinin were better for shoot-tip proliferation than higher ones. 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was superior to kinetin (KN) in shoot-tip proliferation. The optimum culture conditions for shoot-tip proliferation were achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 25 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA). The optimum culture conditions for callus formation were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 25 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA), while the optimum culture conditions for somatic callus formation were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 10 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA). The optimum culture conditions for rooting of shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 10 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA). The highest percentage of survival plants was obtained in the soil mixture supplied with 10 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA). Salicylic acid (SA) showed positive effect and good response on callusing, shooting and rooting of Z. spina-christi. Cultures received small amounts of salicylic acid were better than those lack it.展开更多
Christ's thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi L. Desf.) is ecologically and economically important in Iran. Since it is a crosspollinated plant with a wide range of genetic variability, an investigation was carried out t...Christ's thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi L. Desf.) is ecologically and economically important in Iran. Since it is a crosspollinated plant with a wide range of genetic variability, an investigation was carried out to determine the best method for mass and clonal propagation. Three vegetative methods were examined, including 1) cutting, where shoots with a 22-25 cm length and three shoot diameters were treated with two culture media; 2) layering, where air layering and trench layering treatments consisted of three growth regulators at three levels of concentration; and 3) tissue culture with nodal segments bearing axillary buds that were removed from shoots of mature trees at different seasons. Several experiments were carried out to determine the best disinfectant chemical, the best culture method, the best season, the appropriate explant characteristics and media type. Rooting was successful only on the sandy beds for cuttings with more than 8.0 mm diameter. For the trench layering method, only one specimen in one replicate rooted a very small root, while for the air layering method, only seedlings with growth regulator treatments rooted successfully. The best season for explant harvesting was determined as mid summer, and among the disinfecting treatments, Ca(OCl)2 at a concentration of 0.5 g kg-1 for 20 minutes was the best. There were no significant differences for shoot weight and length with a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with and without a hormone.展开更多
Antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was significant in therapeutic application of nanotechnology. These researchers studied an ecofriendly and rapid method for the first time to synth...Antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was significant in therapeutic application of nanotechnology. These researchers studied an ecofriendly and rapid method for the first time to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Zizyphus spina christi L aqueous leaves extract (ZSE), and their antibacterial properties. The extract was found to have the potential to form silver nanoparticles at room temperature within few minutes. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. The UV-visible spectrum of the solution containing AgNPs showed a peak at 414 nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the formed particles were hexagonal in shape with appreciable Nano size ranging from 21.5 to 59.67 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) of biosynthesized AgNPs affirmed the role of ZSE as reducing and capping agent of Ag+ ions to AgNPs, and X-Ray Diffraction patterns (XRD) showed that they could be indexed as face-centered-cubic structure of silver. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs was determined by well diffusion and micro plate assay methods, showing maximum inhibition zones of 24 mm, 23 mm, 15 mm and 17 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results showed that AgNPs had MIC, MBC of 45, 57 μg/mL, 49, 61 μg/mL, 63, 90 μg/mL and 59, 82 μg/mL against S. aureus, Acinetobacter sp., P. aeruginosa and E. coli respectively. Furthermore, the green synthesized AgNPs were loaded on band-aids and screened for antibacterial activity. The AgNPs loaded on band-aids exhibited strong antibacterial effect against multi drug resistant bacteria. These nanoparticles could be used for treating wounds and preparing wound dressing. Such researches are crucial in the demonstration of therapeutic importance of silver nanoparticles in medical application.展开更多
文摘Our overall knowledge of the medicinal uses of plants suggests that natural compounds could be useful in the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections in tropical regions. Furthermore, the possibilities of treatment using plant extracts may be even broader than is already known when one considers plants that have not been extensively studied in this context, such as the regional species Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi. This study compared the antimicrobial activity of Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi extracts in terms of their biochemical and molecular effects on Candida albicans (ATCC CA 10231). These effects included altered levels of intracellular sterols, changes in the permeability of the cell membrane, and changes in the TEF1: QRTTEF1, CaERG1: ERG1, CdERG12: CdERG1, and ERG25: ERG25 genes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify morphological characteristics, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analyses were conducted. In treated samples, the SEM and EDAX analyses showed cell cavities and shrinkage of the cell wall, and the number of cells was reduced to only a few abnormal cells as compared with that in the untreated samples. Yttrium was detected in the cells treated with Z. spina-christi, and high levels of osmium were detected in the cells treated with P. dactylifera. Compared with control cells, cells exposed to the concentration 150 μl/ml of Z. spina-christi extract had an average sterol concentration that was nearly 3 times higher, while the concentration was 5.5 times higher for cells treated with the 150 μl/ml of P. dactylifera extract. The ethanol extracts affected the permeability of C. albicans cell membrane. Gene sequencing showed gaps and mismatches in the ERG1, ERG12, and ERG25 genes after treatment with P. dactylifera and Z. spina-christi extracts compared with that in the controls. The results were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01). We conclude that the ethanol extracts of P. dactylifera and Z. spina-christi have antimicrobial activity through several mechanisms in the yeast cell.
文摘Salicylic acid (SA) is one of numerous phenolic compounds found in plants with numerous important physiological events. Exogenously application of Salicylic acid (SA) is useful for the growth and development of plants. This investigation aimed to study the improving effect of salicylic acid on the tissue culture of Ziziphus spina-christi. To study its improving effect were used shoot-tip explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with different concentrations and various combinations of auxins, cytokinins and Salicylic acid. Media without growth regulators enhanced the growth and elongation of shoot-tip explants not its proliferation. Lower concentrations of cytokinin were better for shoot-tip proliferation than higher ones. 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was superior to kinetin (KN) in shoot-tip proliferation. The optimum culture conditions for shoot-tip proliferation were achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 25 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA). The optimum culture conditions for callus formation were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 25 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA), while the optimum culture conditions for somatic callus formation were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 10 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA). The optimum culture conditions for rooting of shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/l of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 10 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA). The highest percentage of survival plants was obtained in the soil mixture supplied with 10 mg/l Salicylic acid (SA). Salicylic acid (SA) showed positive effect and good response on callusing, shooting and rooting of Z. spina-christi. Cultures received small amounts of salicylic acid were better than those lack it.
基金Project supported by the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Government of I. R. Iran (No. 3625-2000)
文摘Christ's thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi L. Desf.) is ecologically and economically important in Iran. Since it is a crosspollinated plant with a wide range of genetic variability, an investigation was carried out to determine the best method for mass and clonal propagation. Three vegetative methods were examined, including 1) cutting, where shoots with a 22-25 cm length and three shoot diameters were treated with two culture media; 2) layering, where air layering and trench layering treatments consisted of three growth regulators at three levels of concentration; and 3) tissue culture with nodal segments bearing axillary buds that were removed from shoots of mature trees at different seasons. Several experiments were carried out to determine the best disinfectant chemical, the best culture method, the best season, the appropriate explant characteristics and media type. Rooting was successful only on the sandy beds for cuttings with more than 8.0 mm diameter. For the trench layering method, only one specimen in one replicate rooted a very small root, while for the air layering method, only seedlings with growth regulator treatments rooted successfully. The best season for explant harvesting was determined as mid summer, and among the disinfecting treatments, Ca(OCl)2 at a concentration of 0.5 g kg-1 for 20 minutes was the best. There were no significant differences for shoot weight and length with a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with and without a hormone.
文摘Antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was significant in therapeutic application of nanotechnology. These researchers studied an ecofriendly and rapid method for the first time to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Zizyphus spina christi L aqueous leaves extract (ZSE), and their antibacterial properties. The extract was found to have the potential to form silver nanoparticles at room temperature within few minutes. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. The UV-visible spectrum of the solution containing AgNPs showed a peak at 414 nm corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of silver nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the formed particles were hexagonal in shape with appreciable Nano size ranging from 21.5 to 59.67 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) of biosynthesized AgNPs affirmed the role of ZSE as reducing and capping agent of Ag+ ions to AgNPs, and X-Ray Diffraction patterns (XRD) showed that they could be indexed as face-centered-cubic structure of silver. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs was determined by well diffusion and micro plate assay methods, showing maximum inhibition zones of 24 mm, 23 mm, 15 mm and 17 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results showed that AgNPs had MIC, MBC of 45, 57 μg/mL, 49, 61 μg/mL, 63, 90 μg/mL and 59, 82 μg/mL against S. aureus, Acinetobacter sp., P. aeruginosa and E. coli respectively. Furthermore, the green synthesized AgNPs were loaded on band-aids and screened for antibacterial activity. The AgNPs loaded on band-aids exhibited strong antibacterial effect against multi drug resistant bacteria. These nanoparticles could be used for treating wounds and preparing wound dressing. Such researches are crucial in the demonstration of therapeutic importance of silver nanoparticles in medical application.
