Analgesic Effect of Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia and its Effect on TNF-α and CRP Levels in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture During Surgical Treatment

Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Pneumocephalus Following Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A Case Report Analysis

Background: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its rapid onset, reliable anesthetic effect, and strong controllability. Although advancements in technique have reduced the frequency and severity of common complications, reports of rare and serious complications such as pneumocephalus, remain scarce. Case Report: This article presents a case of pneumocephalus following CSEA in a middle-aged female patient undergoing surgery for an intrauterine space-occupying lesion. The patient experienced severe headache postoperatively, and imaging confirmed the presence of intracranial air. After receiving active symptomatic treatment, the patient recovered and was discharged. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of adhering to standard anesthesia protocols and increasing awareness of rare CSEA complications, particularly the risk of pneumocephalus. Early recognition and timely management are crucial. There is a need to further enhance training and research in anesthetic procedures to improve clinical anesthesia quality and ensure patient safety.

Regional anesthesia in a patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia(PCD)is an inherited autosomal-recessive disorder of impaired mucociliary clearance characterized by chronic respiratory diseases,otolaryngological diseases,central nervous system abnormalities,reproductive system abnormalities,and cardiac function abnormalities.General anesthesia in these patients is associated with a higher incidence of respiratory complications than in patients without the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old male patient was referred to the emergency room complaining of right ankle pain due to distal tibiofibular fracture.Three years prior,he had been diagnosed with PCD.At that time,he had experienced several episodes of pneumonia,sinusitis,and chronic middle ear infections,for which he underwent surgical interventions.At the current admission,he presented with cough and sputum but no other respiratory symptoms.A chest computed tomography scan revealed centrilobular ground-glass opacities in both lower lobes and a calcified nodule in the left lower lobe.For the surgical procedure and postoperative pain management,combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was employed.The patient’s postoperative pain score was measured by the numerical rating scale(NRS).On the day of surgery,his NRS was 5 points.By the second postoperative day,the NRS score had decreased to 2–3 points.The epidural catheter was removed on the fourth day following the operation.The patient was subsequently discharged no respiratory complications.CONCLUSION We performed combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in a patient with PCD.The patient experienced no additional respiratory complications and was discharged with a low NRS score for pain.

Effect of epidural block combined intravenous general anesthesia stress on the stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effect of epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia on stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer of 88 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group of 44 cases, 2 patients underwent routine preoperative preparation, and routine blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, ECG monitoring, control group with intravenous anesthesia. The observation group was treated with epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia. 2 groups of patients before anesthesia, 30 MIM (T0), 1 h after skin incision (T1), 4 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 48 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood were measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), cortisol (Cor), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), the calculation of CD4+/CD8+ value. Results: the serum IL-8 level of T1, T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, were lower than at T0, and the control group at each time point had no significant difference, T1, T2, T3group, T4IL-8 levels lower than the control group;the 2 groups of serum IFN-γ levels T1 and T2had no significant change, T3and T4increased gradually, was higher than that of T0, but no significant difference between the 2 groups of IFN-γ levels. 2 serum Cor levels peaked at T1, decreased at T2, was higher than that of T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2Cor level lower than the control group;the serum PRL levels of 2 groups reached a peak at T1, T2, T3at the time of T4decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, T1, T2, T3of the observation group at the PRL level is lower than the control group;the serum level of GH 2 in group T1increased gradually, reached a peak at T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, the observation group T1, T2, T3, T4, GH levels lower than the control group. 2 groups of CD3+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD3+ was higher than the control group;group CD4+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, T3and T4were lower than control, T0when, and the observation group CD4+ in T1, T2, T3, T4, no significant changes were observed in group T1, T2, T3, T4and CD4+ higher than that of the control group;the 2 group CD8+ had no obvious changes in T1, T2, T3, T4;observation group CD4+/CD8+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD4+/CD8+ was higher than the control group. Conclusion: epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia for breast cancer radical mastectomy can effectively relieve the stress and inflammatory reaction, alleviate the immunosuppression, and help to restore the postoperative immune function.

Effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on the level of pain media, stress indicators and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing high altitude cesarean section

Objective: To discuss the effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on the levels of pain media, stress indicators and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing high altitude cesarean section. Methods: Eighty patients who underwent cesarean section in our hospital from January 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled in the hospital. They were divided into two groups according to the patient's anesthesia. Fourty patients receiving epidural anesthesia were included in the control group, and another 40 patients received lumbar stiffness. The combined anesthesia patient was included in the observation group. Changes in pain mediators [Serum neuropeptide Y (NPY), endorphin (β-EP), substance P (SP)], stress indicators [Serum cortisol (Cor), C-peptide (C-P), advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP)], inflammatory factor levels [Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)], and immunoglobulin levels [Serum IgA, IgG, IgM] were compared between the two groups. Results: Before anesthesia, there were no significant difference in pain media, stress index, inflammatory factor level and immunoglobulin level between the two groups (P>0.05). At 12 h after operation, the two groups of patients were NPY, β-EP, SP, Cor. The levels of C-P, AOPP, hs-CRP and TNF-α were higher than those before operation (P<0.05). The levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were lower than those before operation (P<0.05). Among them, observation group NPY, β-EP, SP, Cor, C-P, AOPP, hs-CRP and TNF-α were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia can more effectively alleviate maternal pain in high altitude cesarean section, more effectively reduce the inflammatory stress response of patients, promote the humoral immune function of patients, and is beneficial to the early recovery of maternal postoperative, and has high clinical value.

Accidental conus medullaris injury following combined epidural and spinal anesthesia in a pregnant woman with unknown tethered cord syndrome

In most adults, the conus medullaris ends at around the inferior margin of the first lumbar （L1） vertebral body.However, location of terminus of the conus medullaris is variable and even extends more distally in patients with diseases such as tethered cord syndrome （TCS）. Here, we reported a conus medullaris injury following combined spinal and epidural anesthesia （CSEA） in a pregnant woman with unknown TCS.

Regional anesthesia for orthopedic procedures:What orthopedic surgeons need to know

Regional anesthesia is an integral component of successful orthopedic surgery.Neuraxial anesthesia is commonly used for surgical anesthesia while peripheral nerve blocks are often used for postoperative analgesia.Patient evaluation for regional anesthesia should include neurological,pulmonary,cardiovascular,and hematological assessments.Neuraxial blocks include spinal,epidural,and combined spinal epidural.Upper extremity peripheral nerve blocks include interscalene,supraclavicular,infraclavicular,and axillary.Lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks include femoral nerve block,saphenous nerve block,sciatic nerve block,iPACK block,ankle block and lumbar plexus block.The choice of regional anesthesia is a unanimous decision made by the surgeon,the anesthesiologist,and the patient based on a risk-benefit assessment.The choice of the regional block depends on patient cooperation,patient positing,operative structures,operative manipulation,tourniquet use and the impact of postoperative motor blockade on initiation of physical therapy.Regional anesthesia is safe but has an inherent risk of failure and a relatively low incidence of complications such as local anesthetic systemic toxicity(LAST),nerve injury,falls,hematoma,infection and allergic reactions.Ultrasound should be used for regional anesthesia procedures to improve the efficacy and minimize complications.LAST treatment guidelines and rescue medications(intralipid)should be readily available during the regional anesthesia administration.

SURVEY ON CLINICAL STUDY OF COMPOUND ACUPUNCTURE ANESTHESIA IN RECENT 10 YEARS IN CHINA

In the present paper, the authors make a review on the progresses of acupuncture anesthesia (AA) from ① historical development, ② research on acupuncture combined with local anesthesia; ③ research on acupuncture combined with epidural anesthesia; and ④ research on acupuncture combined with general anesthesia. Compound acupuncture anesthesia provides a new anesthetic measure for surgical operations and has a definite analgesic effect and many advantages, and should be investigated further.

腰硬联合麻醉在老年髋部骨折手术患者中的应用

目的:探析腰硬联合麻醉在老年髋部骨折手术患者中的应用。方法:选取2020年11月—2021年11月江门市新会区人民医院麻醉科收治的80例老年髋部骨折手术患者作为研究对象。根据随机法将其分为常规组和试验组,各40例。常规组给予连续硬膜外麻醉,试验组给予腰硬联合麻醉。比较两组入室时(T_(0))、手术开始后10 min(T_(1))、手术开始后30 min(T_(2))、手术结束时(T_(3))的心率、收缩压及舒张压。比较两组术前、术后12 h应激指标,麻醉效果,麻醉优良率,术后10 min,术后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h疼痛情况,不良反应。结果:T_(1),试验组心率、舒张压均显著高于常规组,T_(2)、T_(3),试验组心率、舒张压及收缩压均显著高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12 h,试验组肾上腺素(AD)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平均显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组麻醉起效时间、感觉阻滞完善时间均明显短于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组优良率显著高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h,试验组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组不良反应发生率显著低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:老年髋部骨折手术患者采用腰硬联合麻醉,其麻醉起效时间短,镇痛效果佳,可减轻患者的应激反应和术后疼痛,且不增加麻醉相关不良反应,可取得安全高效的麻醉效果。

腰硬联合麻醉下凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术低血压发生的诱导因素及列线图预测模型的构建

目的探讨腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)下凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中低血压发生的诱导因素并构建列线图预测模型。方法选取玉林市妇幼保健院2020年1月—2023年12月收治的腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)下凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术产妇130例作为研究对象,采用自编的一般资料调查表对研究对象基本资料及低血压发生情况进行调查,并依据术中低血压发生情况将其分为低血压组47例和无低血压组83例。对2组一般资料进行单因素分析,采用多因素Logistic回归分析法探讨术中发生低血压的诱导因素。结果单因素分析显示,2组体质量指数、麻醉平面情况、是否为多胎妊娠、术前收缩压情况、手术时间、是否出现Bezold-Jarisch反射比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,体质量指数≥24 kg/m^(2)、麻醉平面≥T8、多胎妊娠、术前收缩压<90 mmHg、手术时间>1.5 h、出现Bezold-Jarisch反射是CSEA下凶险性前置胎盘产妇剖宫产术中发生低血压的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。构建CSEA下凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中低血压发生的诱导因素回归方程:Logit(P)=-23.211+1.079×(体质量指数≥24 kg/m^(2))+1.101×麻醉平面(≥T8)+3.193×多胎妊娠+2.214×术前收缩压(<90 mmHg)+4.606×手术时间(>1.5 h)+2.011×出现Bezold-Jarisch反射。分析发现列线图对于存在术前收缩压<90 mmHg人群均有较高区分度及准确度;对列线图模型进行Bootstrap重复抽样1000次,获得校准曲线,计算得到的一致性指数为0.850,说明该列线图模型具备较好的校准度;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,其曲线下面积为0.896,95%CI为0.802~0.956,提示预测效能较好。结论体质量指数≥24 kg/m^(2)、麻醉平面≥T8、多胎妊娠、术前收缩压<90 mmHg、手术时间>1.5 h、出现Bezold-Jarisch反射是CSEA下凶险性前置胎盘产妇剖宫产术中低血压发生的诱导因素。

超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞麻醉与硬膜外麻醉用于无痛分娩的效果和安全性比较

目的:比较无痛分娩镇痛中超声引导下竖脊肌平面阻滞麻醉(ESPB)与硬膜外麻醉的效果及安全性。方法:回顾性选取2022年6月至2023年6月入院的80例产妇,参考麻醉方式的不同分为A组(ESPB,40例)与B组(硬膜外麻醉,40例);比较两组产妇的第一产程、第二产程,新生儿Apgar评分(出生时、出生后5min),产妇不良反应(头痛、恶心呕吐、瘙痒、发热)与镇痛前、分娩完成时数字评定量表(NRS)评分。结果:产程:A、B组产妇第一产程比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组第二产程短于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Apgar评分:A、B组新生儿出生时、出生后5min Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不良反应:A、B组产妇不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NRS评分:镇痛前,两组产妇NRS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);分娩完成时,两组产妇的NRS评分均明显低于镇痛前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组分娩完成时的NRS评分均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:无痛分娩镇痛中超声引导下ESPB麻醉与硬膜外麻醉均具有良好效果,安全性高,且超声引导下ESPB麻醉可进一步缩短产妇第二产程时间,止痛效果更佳。

腰硬联合麻醉分娩镇痛后发热对母婴分娩结局的影响

目的探讨腰硬联合麻醉分娩镇痛后发热对分娩结局的影响,以期改善母婴结局。方法选取2020年1月至2022年6月进行腰硬联合麻醉分娩镇痛的300例产妇作为研究对象,根据镇痛后是否出现发热将产妇分为两组。对照组为未出现发热的产妇,共150例;观察组为出现发热的产妇,共150例。比较两组产妇的阴道操作次数、破膜时间、总产程时间、缩宫素使用比例、分娩方式、产妇不良结局发生率以及新生儿不良结局发生率。结果观察组阴道操作次数(7.56±1.12)次,破膜时间为(11.86±2.03)h,总产程时间为(17.08±2.34)h,使用缩宫素加强宫缩为51例(34.00%),对照组阴道操作次数(5.41±1.04)次,破膜时间为(8.69±1.75)h,总产程时间为(15.04±1.84)h,使用缩宫素加强宫缩为20例(13.33%),两组产妇的阴道操作次数、破膜时间、总产程时间、缩宫素使用比例等指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组产妇自然分娩82例(54.67%),剖宫产45例(30.00%),器械助产23例(15.33%),对照组产妇自然分娩121例(80.67%),剖宫产19例(12.67%),器械助产10例(6.67%),两组产妇的分娩方式比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.001)。观察组产妇出现低血压、头痛、产后出血、产褥感染等总不良结局发生率为60.67%(91/150),对照组产妇出现低血压、头痛、产后出血、产褥感染等总不良结局发生率为31.33%(47/150),两组产妇总不良结局发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组出现胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、新生儿败血症、新生儿高胆红素血症等总不良结局发生率为40.67%(61/150),对照组出现胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、新生儿败血症、新生儿高胆红素血症等总不良结局发生率为22.67%(34/150),两组新生儿总不良结局发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论产时发热是一种临床表现,早发现早预防非常重要。对于产科医生而言,应加强产程管理,掌握阴道操作指征,严格遵循无菌操作,以预防感染性产时发热。同时,要避免产时发热相关因素的叠加,防止非感染性发热的发生。此外,还需综合分析产时发热的原因,动态监测各项指标,仔细鉴别,并采取适宜的产程处理措施。

影响腰硬联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者DVT发生的相关因素分析

目的:探究影响腰硬联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者深静脉血栓(DVT)发生的相关因素。方法:收集2021年1月-2024年1月本院就诊行腰硬联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者200例,根据术后有无DVT分为DVT组和无DVT组,统计一般资料、实验室指标、手术情况、术后情况等,分析腰硬联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者发生DVT的相关因素。结果:200例术后发生DVT 24例(12.0%)。两组年龄、吸烟、合并高血压、合并血脂紊乱、术前美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、最大肌瘤位置、剔除肌瘤数、手术时间比较无差异(P>0.05);DVT组体质指数(BMI)、合并糖尿病占比、术前D-二聚体、最大肌瘤直径、术中气腹压、术后血红蛋白水平、术后卧床时间水平均高于无DVT组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,BMI大、合并糖尿病、术前D-二聚体水平高、最大肌瘤直径大、术中气腹压高、术后血红蛋白水平高、术后卧床时间长是腰硬联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者发生DVT的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:腰硬联合麻醉下子宫肌瘤剔除术患者发生DVT的相关因素较多,临床应重视对DVT高危患者的识别,给予针对性干预。

右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉对股骨颈骨折患者麻醉效果及应激反应的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉对股骨颈骨折患者麻醉效果及应激反应的影响。方法选取2021年10月至2022年10月我科收治的90例股骨颈骨折患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组(45例,腰硬联合麻醉)和观察组(45例,右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉)。比较两组的麻醉效果。结果麻醉后15 min(T_(1))、手术完成时(T_(2)),观察组的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组,Ramsay镇静评分法(RSS)评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。T_(1)、T_(2),观察组的B型尿钠肽(BNP)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。T_(1)、T_(2),观察组的皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉有助于提高股骨颈骨折患者的麻醉效果,减轻机体应激反应,降低不良反应发生率,值得推广。

髂筋膜阻滞复合腰硬联合麻醉 在老年髋部骨折患者中的应用效果评价

目的:探究髂筋膜阻滞复合腰硬联合麻醉在老年髋部骨折患者中的应用效果。方法:将盱眙县中医院麻醉科收治的老年髋部骨折患者80例(收治时间2021年2月—2023年2月)作为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组40例。两组均实施手术治疗,对照组实施腰硬联合麻醉,观察组实施髂筋膜阻滞复合腰硬联合麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果。结果:术前,两组简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6 h、1 d、3 d,两组MMSE评分升高,且观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组手术时间短于对照组,舒芬太尼用量少于对照组(P<0.05)。术前,两组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6 h、1 d、3 d,两组VAS评分降低,且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组麻醉效果相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:老年髋部骨折患者实施腰硬联合麻醉复合髂筋膜阻滞,能够改善患者术后认知功能,减轻疼痛,缩短手术时间,减少舒芬太尼用量。

纳布啡用于硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛的有效性及安全性

目的探讨纳布啡用于硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛的有效性及安全性。方法选择经阴试产的足月单胎初产妇319例,按使用药物不同分为舒芬太尼硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞组(A组)160例,纳布啡硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞组(B组)159例。两组均采用硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛法,置入硬膜外导管后,注入1.5%利多卡因3 mL试验量,然后A组注入0.5 mg/L舒芬太尼复合1 mg/L罗哌卡因混合液,B组注入0.3 g/L纳布啡复合1 mg/L罗哌卡因混合液,均6~15 mL为首次量,30 min后两组均连接电子镇痛泵,分别使用舒芬太尼和纳布啡进行自控硬膜外镇痛。收集两组患者的如下指标:镇痛起效时间、首次自控按压镇痛(PCA)时间、PCA有效按压次数、罗哌卡因用量;镇痛前(T0)、镇痛后30 min(T1)、宫口开全(T2)与用力分娩(T3)时疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分及Ramsay镇静评分;产妇发热、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、术后头痛发生等不良反应情况以及胎儿胎心减速发生率、新生儿1 min Apgar评分≤7分发生率、脐动脉血气分析,新生儿神经与适应能力评分。结果与A组比较,B组恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、胎心减速及新生儿1 min Apgar评分≤7分的发生率显著降低(χ^(2)=4.159~5.628,P<0.05),PCA有效按压次数、罗哌卡因用量显著增加(χ^(2)=8.594、6.363,P<0.05),T2及T3产妇VAS评分明显升高(F=45.314、26.717,P<0.05),其他观察指标两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论纳布啡用于硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞分娩镇痛与舒芬太尼相比第一产程镇痛效果类似,第二产程效果较差,但可降低产妇镇痛相关不良反应发生率,对新生儿具有较高的安全性。

不同剂量麻醉药在超高龄患者腰硬联合麻醉中的应用效果分析

目的:分析不同剂量麻醉药在超高龄患者腰硬联合麻醉中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年6月—2020年8月于青岛市第三人民医院行腰硬联合麻醉手术的患者96例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各48例。观察组给予麻醉药2.0 mL,对照组给予麻醉药1.5 mL。比较两组麻醉效果、血流动力学指标、疼痛情况、不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组完全阻滞时间、麻醉起效时间早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。麻醉前,两组DBP、SBP、HR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术切皮时、手术完成时、术后1 h,两组DBP、SBP、HR高于麻醉前,但观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相较于低剂量麻醉药,高剂量麻醉药在超高龄患者腰硬联合麻醉中的应用效果更好,有助于提高麻醉效果,保持患者术中生命体征平稳,且安全性较好。

老年前列腺增生患者等离子电切术中右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效果及对应激反应的影响

目的 探讨老年前列腺增生患者等离子电切术中右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效果及对应激反应的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2022年1月—2023年4月在安徽医科大学附属滁州医院行等离子电切术的102例老年前列腺增生患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组51例。对照组给予咪达唑仑复合腰硬联合麻醉,研究组给予右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉。对比两组苏醒时间、围手术期血流动力学、术中寒颤、疼痛、认知功能、炎症反应、应激反应情况及不良反应情况。结果 研究组苏醒时间短于对照组(P <0.05)。两组麻醉诱导前、切皮时、术毕时的平均动脉压、心率比较,结果:(1)不同时间点平均动脉压、心率比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.523和7.961,均P=0.000);(2)两组平均动脉压、心率比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.036和8.185,均P=0.000);(3)两组平均动脉压、心率变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.654和8.235,均P=0.000)。研究组寒颤发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后4 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=8.935,P=0.000);(2)两组VAS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=7.419,P=0.000);(3)两组VAS评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(F=7.128,P=0.000)。两组术前、术后24 h、48 h的简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分比较,两组术前、术后24 h、48 h的MMSE评分比较,结果:(1)不同时间点MMSE评分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=7.986,P=0.000);(2)两组MMSE评分比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.171,P=0.841);(3)两组MMSE评分变化趋势比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.315,P=0.702)。两组开始麻醉时、术后24 h、术后48 h的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点TNF-α、IL-6比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.517和8.613,均P=0.000);(2)两组TNF-α、IL-6比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.987和7.543,均P=0.000);(3)两组TNF-α、IL-6变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.968和7.741,均P=0.000)。两组术前、术后24 h、术后48 h的肾上腺素(Adr)、皮质醇(Cor)比较,结果:(1)不同时间点Adr、Cor比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.001和8.547,均P=0.000);(2)两组Adr、Cor比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.958和7.874,均P=0.000);(3)两组的Adr、Cor变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.147和7.959,均P=0.000)。两组总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 老年前列腺增生患者等离子电切术中右美托咪定复合腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效果显著,可减轻患者围手术期疼痛、炎症反应及应激反应,维持围手术期血流动力学稳定,且安全可靠。

神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉在股骨颈骨折患者中的应用

目的:探讨在股骨颈骨折患者中应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年6月桂林市中医医院收治的98例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各49例。对照组采用传统的腰硬联合麻醉,研究组采用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、皮质醇(Cor)和儿茶氨酚(CA)及不良反应。结果:两组麻醉效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组麻醉后15 min(T_(2))、麻醉后30 min(T_(3))时MAP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组麻醉后5 min(T_(1))、T_(2)、T_(3)、手术结束后(T_(4))时HR高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术中(Tb)时CA、Cor低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:股骨颈骨折患者应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉能稳定血流动力学,缓解应激反应,具有良好的麻醉效果和较高的安全性。

瑞马唑仑对髋部骨折老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的:基于随机对照试验评估瑞马唑仑对髋部骨折老年患者术后早期认知功能的影响。方法:选取2022年12月至2023年6月间在温州医科大学附属第六医院腰硬联合麻醉下行髋部骨折手术并满足纳入标准的106名老年患者为研究对象,年龄65^90岁,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。按照随机数字表分为瑞马唑仑组(R组)、丙泊酚组(P组),每组53例。两组患者接受腰硬联合麻醉后,P组缓慢静注丙泊酚0.3^0.5 mg/kg(注射时间1 min)后以0.5^3 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)泵注维持;R组缓慢静注瑞马唑仑负荷量0.05 mg/kg(注射时间1 min)后以0.1^0.3 mg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)维持术中镇静。两组患者以维持改良警觉镇静评分(MOAA/S)为3^4分、脑电双频指数(BIS)值75^85间来调整泵注速率;缝合切口时停止输注镇静药。记录两组患者镇静前(T0),镇静后5(T1)、10(T2)、15(T3)、30(T4)、60min(T5)及术毕时(T6)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、改良警觉镇静评分(MOAA/S)评分、BIS值,记录两组患者苏醒时间、术中遗忘、术后7 d内谵妄(POD)及神经认知恢复延迟(DNR)的发生率。结果:与T0时点比较,两组患者T1^T5时点的BIS和MOAA/S评分明显降低(P<0.05),T1^T6时点的MAP、HR显著降低(P<0.05)。与P组比较,R组患者T1^T6时点的MAP均更高(P均<0.05),苏醒时间短[(6.6±1.8)vs.(7.7±2.2)min,P<0.05],术后第7天Hopkins言语学习测试评分下降幅度更小(3.9±3.9 vs.6.2±4.6,P<0.05),术后谵妄、术后DNR发生率显著降低(7.5%vs. 28.3%,5.7%vs. 20.8%,P<0.05),术中遗忘发生率增高(52.8%vs. 28.3%,P<0.05);低血压、心动过缓发生率更低(15.1%vs. 37.7%,5.6%vs. 22.6%,P<0.05)、血管活性药物使用频次更少(P<0.05)。结论:瑞马唑仑用于髋部骨折老年患者可提供有效的围术期镇静,且血流动力学稳定,对术后早期神经认知功能影响小,总体安全性高于丙泊酚。