Assessment of optic nerve and optic tract alterations in patients with orbital space-occupying lesions using probabilistic diffusion tractography

AIM: To investigate the diffusion changes in both the optic nerve and optic tract in orbital space-occupying lesion patients with decreased visual acuity, and its clinical significance using probabilistic diffusion tractography(PDT). METHODS: Twenty patients with orbital space-occupying lesions and 25 age-and gender-matched healthy persons were included. All patients and controls underwent routine orbital magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI), using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner(Trio Tim Siemens). After the image data were preprocessed, each DTI parameters of the optic nerve and optic tract was obtained by PDT, including fractional anisotropy(FA), mean diffusivity(MD), axial diffusivity(AD) and radial diffusivity(RD). The asymmetry index(AI) of each parameter was calculated. Compared the parameters of the affected side optic nerve and ipsilateral optic tract with the contralateral side by paired sample t-test;compared AI of parameters of optic nerve and optic tract between the patient group and the control group by independent sample t-test. Patients were divided into threesubgroups according to the low vision grade standard of WHO, compared the FA and AI of FA between the three subgroups by single factor variance analysis. RESULTS: The affected side optic nerve presented significantly decreased FA, increased MD, AD, and RD values compared to the unaffected side(P<0.05). The AI of FA, MD, AD, and RD of optic nerve in the patients was significantly higher than that of the controls(P<0.05). The comparison results of the optic tract showed that there was no significant difference between the patient group and control group in terms of the bilateral optic tracts in patients(P>0.05). The AIs of the FA value of the optic nerve in the eyesight <0.1 subgroup was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FA, MD, AD, and RD of the affected side optic nerve of the orbital space-occupying lesions have significantly changed, the FA value is the most sensitive. The PDT could be a useful tool to provide valid quantitative markers of optic nerve injuries and evaluate the severity of orbital diseases, which other examinations cannot be acquired.

Recurrent orbital space-occupying lesions:a clinicopathologic study of 253 cases

Objective：To analyze the clinical features,histopathologic classification and frequencies of various types of recurrent orbital space-occupying lesions.Methods：A retrospective study was carried out in 253 consecutive patients with recurrent orbital spaceoccupying lesions treated by surgical excision in the Institute of Orbital Diseases,the General Hospital of the Armed Police Force from January 2009 to December 2010.Results：The patients included 123 males and 130 females aged 2 to 78 years（mean,36.2 years）,and the last recurrence interval after operation ranged from 1 month to 40 years（median,4.75 years）.Of all the cases,159（62.8%）,65（25.7%）,20（7.9%）,8（3.2%） and 1（0.4%） had previously experienced once,twice,three,four and six times of surgeries,respectively.Among them,29（11.5%） cases had recurred 3 times or over,and 37（14.6%） cases got recurrence in 10 or more years postoperatively.Most of the patients with local recurrence presented with various clinical manifestations,while 31（12.3%） cases were symptom-free.Two hundred and thirty-one（91.3%） cases underwent surgical removal of the recurrent orbital lesions,and another 22（8.7%） cases had to receive the exenteration of orbit.Categories of these recurrent orbital lesions after operation were as follows：lacrimal gland tumors,65（25.7%） cases;vasogenic diseases,54（21.3%） cases;neurogenic tumors,42（16.6%） cases;secondary tumors,24（9.5%） cases;orbital inflammation,21（8.3%） cases;myogenic tumors,14（5.5%） cases;fibrous and adipose tumors,12（4.7%） cases;lympho-hematopoietic tumors,7（2.8%） cases;bone or cartilage tumors,7（2.8%） cases;orbital cysts,6（2.4%） cases;and indefinitely differentiated tumor,1（0.4%） case.The 10 top histopathologic diagnoses were lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma,hemangiolymphangioma,lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma,meningioma,inflammatory pseudotumor,neurofibroma,sebaceous gland carcinoma,vascular malformation,rhabdomyosarcoma and hemangioma.Conclusions：The variety of recurrent orbital lesions after operation includes mainly of tumors except for vascular malformation and orbital inflammatory lesions.The lacrimal gland epithelial tumor is most prone to relapse after resection,and early and longer-term postoperative follow-up is needed.

Application of endoscopic submucosal dissection in duodenal space-occupying lesions

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been advocated by digestiveendoscopists because of its comparable therapeutic effect to surgery, reducedtrauma, faster recovery, and fewer complications. However, ESD for lesions of theduodenum is more challenging than those occurring at other levels of thegastrointestinal tract due to the thin intestinal wall of the duodenum, narrowintestinal space, rich peripheral blood flow, proximity to vital organs, and highrisks of critical adverse events including intraoperative and delayed bleeding andperforation. Because of the low prevalence of the disease and the high risks ofsevere adverse events, successful ESD for lesions of the duodenum has rarelybeen reported in recent years.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of ESD in the treatment of duodenal spaceoccupyinglesions.METHODS Clinical data of 24 cases of duodenal lesions treated by ESD at the DigestiveEndoscopy Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS All of the 24 cases from 23 patients underwent ESD treatment for duodenal spaceoccupyinglesions under general anesthesia, including 15 male and 8 femalepatients, with a mean age of 58.5 (32.0-74.0) years. There were 12 lesions (50%) inthe duodenal bulb, 9 (37.5%) in the descending part, and 3 (12.5%) in the ball descending junction. The mean diameter of the lesion was 12.75 (range, 11-22)mm. Thirteen lesions originated from the mucosa, of which 4 were low-gradeintraepithelial neoplasia, 3 were hyperplastic polyps, 2 were chronic mucositis, 2were adenomatous hyperplasia, 1 was high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 1was tubular adenoma. Eleven lesions were in the submucosa, including 5neuroendocrine neoplasms, 2 cases of ectopic pancreas, 1 stromal tumor, 1leiomyoma, 1 submucosal duodenal adenoma, and 1 case of submucosal lymphfollicular hyperplasia. The intraoperative perforation rate was 20.8% (5/24),including 4 submucosal protuberant lesions and 1 depressed lesion. The meanlength of hospital stay was 5.7 (range, 3-10) d, and the average follow-up time was25.8 (range, 3.0–50.0) mo. No residual disease or recurrence was found in allpatients, and no complications, such as infection and stenosis, were found duringthe follow-up period.CONCLUSION ESD is safe and effective in the treatment of duodenal lesions;however, theendoscopists should pay more attention to the preoperative preparation,intraoperative skills, and postoperative treatment.

Functional changes after spinal lesions: implications for interventions

We have known for many years that the spinal cord can generate some basic locomotor outputs under specific experimental conditions without any input from the brain or the periphery（Stuart and Hultborn,2008）.However,when inputs from the brain are lost following spinal cord injury（SCI）,the mammalian spinal cord is unable to generate normal,goal-directed locomotor outputs.

Micro-computed tomography utility for estimation of intraparenchymal spinal cord cystic lesions in small animals

Precise assessment of spinal cord cystic lesions is crucial to formulate effective therapeutic strategies,yet histological assessment of the lesion remains the primary method despite numerous studies showing inconsistent results regarding estimation of lesion size via histology.On the other hand,despite numerous advances in micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)imaging and analysis that have allowed precise measurements of lesion size,there is not enough published data on its application to estimate intraspinal lesion size in laboratory animal models.This work attempts to show that micro-CT can be valuable for spinal cord injury research by demonstrating accurate estimation of syrinx size and compares between micro-CT and traditional histological analysis.We used a post-traumatic syringomyelia rat model to compare micro-CT analysis to conventional histological analysis.The study showed that micro-CT can detect lesions within the spinal cord very similar to histology.Importantly,micro-CT appears to provide more accurate estimates of the lesions with more measures(e.g.,surface area),can detect compounds within the cord,and can be done with the tissue of interest(spinal cord)intact.In summary,the experimental work presented here provides one of the first investigations of the use of micro-CT for estimating the size of intraparenchymal cysts and detecting materials within the spinal cord.All animal procedures were approved by the University of Akron Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC)(protocol#LRE 16-05-09 approved on May 14,2016).

Investigation of lacrimal sac space-occupying lesions using color doppler ultrasound, computed tomography, and computed tomography dacryocystography

AIM:To observe the imaging features of color Doppler ultrasound(CDU)and computed tomography(CT)or computed tomography dacryocystography(CT-DCG)in different types of lacrimal sac space-occupying lesions(SOLs).METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 21 patients with lacrimal sac SOLs who underwent lacrimal sac surgery between January 2018 and March 2022.The imaging features of CDU and CT or CT-DCG in these patients were extracted from the examination cloud system.The images were observed and analyzed.RESULTS:The detection rate of lacrimal SOLs between CDU(21/21,100%)and CT or CT-DCG(20/21,95.2%)had no statistically significant difference(P=1.0).CDU could detect the blood flow signals in all SOLs except mucocele and mucopeptide concretion.Among them,polyps had characteristic imaging changes on CDU and CT-DCG.The mucoceles and mucopeptide concretions had characteristic imaging changes on CDU,which could provide more information for differential diagnosis.CONCLUSION:The morphology and internal blood flow signals of lacrimal sac SOLs can be observed using CDU.CT or CT-DCG has advantages in observing structural damage around the lacrimal sac mass.Therefore,CDU may be used as a routine examination to exclude lacrimal sac SOLs before dacryocystorhinostomy in the absence of preoperative CT or CT-DCG.

Association between the fMRI manifestations of activated brain areas and muscle strength in patients with space-occupying lesions in motor cortex

BACKGROUND ： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） studies have disclosed the changes of the motor function in the motor cortex of ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of tumor, which have special significance for making the surgical planning and most greatly minimizing the postoperative functional damages. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the association between the manifestation characteristics of hand functional area and motor dysfunction using fMRI in patients with space-occupying lesions of tumor in motor cortex. DESIGN ： A case-controlled observation SETTING： Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College .PARTICIPANTS： Twenty-three patients （13 males and 10 females） with space-occupying lesions of central sulcus area, aged 21-53 years with a mean age of （47±1） years were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. All the patients were diagnosed by MR scanning as space-occupying lesions of motor area, and pathologically confirmed that the lesions involved central sulcus and central Iobule; Lesions occurred in left and right hemispheres in 13 and 10 cases respectively. The tumor types were astrocytoma （n =8）, metastatic tumours （n =7）, meningiomas （n =5） and oligodendroglioma （n =3）. The muscle strength was normal in 11 cases （grade 5） and obviously decreased in 12 cases （grade 2-3 in 3 cases and grade 4 in 9 cases）; muscle strengths of both upper and lower limbs were decreased in 7 cases, and only that of upper limbs was decreased in 5 cases. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects. Meanwhile, 9 healthy physical examinees （5 males and 4 females） of 20-56 years old with an average of （34±1） years were taken as controls. All the patients and healthy subjects were right-handed. METHODS： All the enrolled subjects were examined with MR scanning and functional imaging. Twenty cases whose clinical symptoms were mild in the patient group and 9 healthy volunteers adopted simple active finger-tapping movements, and for the 3 cases whose clinical symptoms were severe in the patient group, the simple passive finger-tapping movements were used. The manifestations in the activated brain areas were analyzed in the patients with brain tumor of different muscle strength and the controls. The motor deficit and activation of contralateral primary motor cortex （M1） in simple finger-tapping movements were observed in the patient group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Brain areas activated by finger-tapping movements in each group： （2） Activated volumes in hemisphere by finger-tapping movements between groups. RESULTS： The contralateral M1 area could not be activated in 1 case in the patient group,, all the other 22 patients and 9 healthy subjects were involved in the analysis of results. （1） In the control group, unilateral finger tapping movement activated the contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC. The activation volume was the largest in contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, smaller in the SMA, and the smallest in PMC. The finger tapping movement in healthy subjects could activate contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC, which had no obvious differences from the manifestations of brain functional area activated by active finger tapping. There was no significant difference in the volume of activated functional areas between right and left hands. In the patient group, the central sulcos around the tumor in the activated M1 area displaced towards dorsal or ventral side, also extended. The distance of displacement in the functional area was determined as compared with the contralateral central sulcus, and the results suggested the M1 displacement, including that there were 10 cases with the M1 displacement larger than 10 mm in the patients with motor deficit, which were obviously more than in those without motor deficit （n =1, P 〈 0.01）, and the activated volume in contralateral M1 area was obvious smaller in the patients with motor deficit than in those without motor deficit （P 〈 0.01）. （2） The M1 activation and changes were observed in contralateral hemisphere in the patient group, and the activated volume was obviously larger than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. The activated volumes of M1 and PMC in ipsilateral hemisphere were obviously larger than those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）, but that of SMA had no obvious difference between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： fMRI can be used to observe the activation of the brain motor functional areas of patient with space-occupying lesions in motor area, and evaluate the state of their motor function. The larger the distance of displacement of M1 compressed by tumor, the more obviously the muscle strength decreases in the patients.

Pneumocephalus Following Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A Case Report Analysis

Background: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) is widely used in clinical anesthesia due to its rapid onset, reliable anesthetic effect, and strong controllability. Although advancements in technique have reduced the frequency and severity of common complications, reports of rare and serious complications such as pneumocephalus, remain scarce. Case Report: This article presents a case of pneumocephalus following CSEA in a middle-aged female patient undergoing surgery for an intrauterine space-occupying lesion. The patient experienced severe headache postoperatively, and imaging confirmed the presence of intracranial air. After receiving active symptomatic treatment, the patient recovered and was discharged. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of adhering to standard anesthesia protocols and increasing awareness of rare CSEA complications, particularly the risk of pneumocephalus. Early recognition and timely management are crucial. There is a need to further enhance training and research in anesthetic procedures to improve clinical anesthesia quality and ensure patient safety.

Cardiovascular dysfunction following spinal cord injury

Both sensorimotor and autonomic dysfunctions often occur after spinal cord injury（SCI）. Particularly, a high thoracic or cervical SCI interrupts supraspinal vasomotor pathways and results in disordered hemodynamics due to deregulated sympathetic outflow. As a result of the reduced sympathetic activity, patients with SCI may experience hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, and hypothermia post-injury. In the chronic phase, changes within the CNS and blood vessels lead to orthostatic hypotension and life-threatening autonomic dysreflexia（AD）. AD is characterized by an episodic, massive sympathetic discharge that causes severe hypertension associated with bradycardia. The syndrome is often triggered by unpleasant visceral or sensory stimuli below the injury level. Currently the only treatments are palliative - once a stimulus elicits AD, pharmacological vasodilators are administered to help reduce the spike in arterial blood pressure. However, a more effective means would be to mitigate AD development by attenuating contributing mechanisms, such as the reorganization of intraspinal circuits below the level of injury. A better understanding of the neuropathophysiology underlying cardiovascular dysfunction after SCI is essential to better develop novel therapeutic approaches to restore hemodynamic performance.

Methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone for the recovery of motor function and differential gene expression in rats with spinal cord injury

Methylprednisolone is a commonly used drug for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but high doses of methylprednisolone can increase the incidence of infectious diseases. Methotrexate has anti-inflammatory activity and immunosuppressive effects, and can reduce in- flammation after spinal cord injury. To analyze gene expression changes and the molecular mechanism of methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone in the treatment of spinal cord injury, a rat model of spinal cord contusion was prepared using the PinPointTM preci- sion cortical impactor technique. Rats were injected with methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg 30 minutes after injury, and then subcutaneously injected with 0.3 mg/kg methotrexate 1 day after injury, once a day, for 2 weeks. TreadScan gait analysis found that at 4 and 8 weeks after injury, methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone significantly improved hind limb swing time, stride time, minimum longitudinal deviation, instant speed, footprint area and regularity index. Solexa high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze differential gene ex- pression. Compared with methylprednisolone alone, differential expression of 316 genes was detected in injured spinal cord treated with methotrexate and methylprednisolone. The 275 up-regulated genes were mainly related to nerve recovery, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions, while 41 down-regulated genes were mainly related to proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic functions. These results indicate that methotrexate combined with methylprednisolone exhibited better effects on inhibiting the activity of inflammatory cytokines and enhancing antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects and thereby produced stronger neuroprotective effects than methotrexate alone. The 316 differentially expressed genes play an important role in the above processes.

Propofol application combined with ischemic preconditioning for aortic occlusion-induced spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND： Propofol combined with ischemic preconditioning （IPC） could prevent spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the effect of this combination remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To measure neuroprotection of IPC in combination with propofol in a rabbit model of aorta occlusion-induced spinal injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Wuhan University and Central Laboratory of the First Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, from October 2006 to April 2008. MATERIALS： Propofol was purchased from AstraZeneca, UK; malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China. METHODS： A total of 32 male, Japanese White rabbits, were randomly assigned to model, IPC, propofol, and combination groups, with eight rabbits in each group, using 2×2 factorial experimental design. Spinal ischemiaJreperfusion injury was induced by abdominal aorta occlusion for 40 minutes and reperfusion for 7 days. The IPC group was subjected to IPC treatment for 30 minutes prior to occlusion; the propofol group was treated with propofol for 10 minutes before occlusion; and the combination group underwent IPC treatment for 30 minutes and propofol for 10 minutes prior to occlusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Serum MDA levels and SOD activity were detected 35 minutes prior to occlusion, immediately after reperfusion, and 60 minutes and 7 days after reperfusion, respectively. Rabbit hind limb nerve function and spinal pathological changes following injury were observed, and spinal neuronal apoptosis was determined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling method. RESULTS： Serum MDA levels, spinal neuronal apoptosis, and palsy incidence following injury were greatest in the propofol group, followed by the IPC and combination groups （P 〈 0.01）, while SOD activity and hind limb neurological scores were greatest in the combination group, followed by the IPC and propofol groups. Spinal cord injury in the combination group was slight （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： IPC and propofol treatment resulted in a synergistic effect for treating spinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Combined application was superior to IPC or propofol treatment, suggesting that the protection of spinal cord injury may relate with anti-peroxidation.

脊柱化脓性感染抗生素治疗成功后预测椎体病灶融合的临床和放射学特征

目的探讨脊柱化脓性感染(pyogenic spinal infection,PSI)抗生素治疗成功后,预测椎体病灶融合的临床和放射学特征。方法对68例经抗生素治疗后完全治愈且无复发的PSI患者进行研究,随访时间6个月,根据患者椎体病灶是否融合分为A组(椎体病灶融合组,37例)和B组(非椎体病灶融合组,31例)。观察两组患者临床资料和影像特征[PSI病变椎间盘和终板在内的椎间结构上最大标准化18F-FPG摄取值(SUVmax)、18F-FDG-PET摄取18F-FDG的分布模式、T1加权对比度(T1 weighted contrast,T1C)MRI上的对比增强、T2加权脂肪饱和度(T2 weighted fat saturation,T2FS)MRI高信号强度等]差异。结果A组和B组患者年龄、性别、病变节段、病灶位置、病因、起始症状、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、VAS评分等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)水平高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。抗生素治疗6周时,A组ESR和椎间结构SUVmax高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者CRP、VAS、SUVmax位置等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组和B组患者病原菌检出类型差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者抗生素应用时间高于B组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者18F-FDG-PET上18F-FDG摄取、T1CMRI对比增强等分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者T2FS MRI高信号强度分布差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ESR升高、T2FS MRI广泛水肿变化、18F-FDG-PET上更高的18F-FDG摄取与椎体病灶融合相关,有助于评估PSI的治疗反应。

前路病灶清除钛笼植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的效果研究

目的分析前路病灶清除联合钛笼植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核(thoraco-lumbar spinal tu⁃berculosis,TLSTB)的效果。方法选取2021年9月—2023年8月吉林省结核病医院收治的90例TLSTB患者为研究对象,按照内植物的不同分为对照组与研究组,各45例。两组患者均采用小切口前路病灶清除术,对照组术中使用髂骨支撑植骨联合钢板内固定,研究组使用钛笼植骨联合钛板内固定。比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、植骨融合时间、Cobb角、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Dability Index,ODI)评分与并发症发生率。结果与对照组相比,研究组术中出血量更少,手术时间更短,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组住院时间、植骨融合时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。术后6个月研究组Cobb角为(4.78±0.75)°,ODI评分为(17.05±2.56)分,均低于对照组的(5.42±0.90)°、(20.12±2.74)分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.665、5.492,P均<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TLSTB患者在前路病灶清除中使用钛笼植骨内固定治疗能够缩短手术操作时间,减少术中出血量,抑制Cobb角丢失,促进患者椎体功能恢复。

前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定联合抗骨质疏松治疗老年脊柱结核

目的探讨前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术结合抗骨质疏松治疗老年脊柱结核合并骨质疏松症的临床效果。方法本研究选取2021年3月至2022年6月收治的98例脊柱结核合并骨质疏松症的老年患者,采取随机数字表法分为观察组48例,男28例,女20例;年龄60~73岁,平均(65.35±8.20)岁。对照组50例,男28例,女22例;年龄62~75岁,平均(67.20±7.60)岁。两组均接受前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术,术前术后均接受抗结核药物治疗12~18个月。观察组在此基础上接受抗骨质疏松治疗,包括碳酸钙D3、阿法骨化醇、唑来膦酸注射液,对照组则未使用正规抗骨质疏松药物。记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,对比术后两组卧床时间、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、脊柱后凸Cobb角、植骨融合时间、术后并发症以及末次随访骨密度恢复情况,并进行统计分析。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间13~17个月,平均随访(14.00±2.30)个月。在成功完成手术治疗的98例腰椎结核患者中,观察组经抗骨质疏松症治疗表现出显著优势。观察组患者的术后卧床时间为(3.95±0.76)周,明显短于对照组的(4.58±1.01)周(P=0.027)。此外,术后6个月观察组的ESR为(27.60±3.40)mm/h,对照组为(30.20±2.97)mm/h,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008);观察组的术后VAS评分为(2.20±0.83)分,与对照组的(3.40±0.77)分相比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。观察组植骨融合时间为(3.95±0.43)个月,明显短于对照组的(4.57±0.79)个月,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。短期随访提示,观察组脊柱后凸Cobb角矫正度数为(5.93±0.94)°,对照组为(6.73±1.80)°,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.081)。在末次随访中,观察组骨质疏松检测的T值为(-2.40±0.39),显著高于对照组的(-3.20±0.40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。观察组术后的并发症发生率为5.00%,低于对照组的9.10%(P=0.662)。结论前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术结合正规抗骨质疏松治疗老年脊柱结核合并骨质疏松症,在术后康复、炎症指标、骨质疏松、疼痛缓解和植骨融合等方面取得显著的优势,可为相关临床实践提供有益的参考。

椎间孔镜在脊柱结核中的应用效果分析

目的探究椎间孔镜在脊柱结核中的应用效果。方法选取2019年7月—2023年7月潍坊市人民医院、潍坊市第二人民医院收治的72例脊柱结核患者为研究对象,按照不同治疗方法分为对照组和观察组,各36例。对照组采用CT引导下穿刺置管灌洗引流,观察组采用椎间孔镜下病灶清除并置管灌洗引流。对比两组拔管时间、住院时间、治疗时间、视觉模拟法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分、红细胞沉降率及治愈率。结果观察组住院时间、治疗时间、拔管时间为均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,观察组VAS评分、血红细胞沉降率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组治愈率为94.44%(34/36),高于对照组的77.78%(28/36),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.181,P<0.05)。结论椎间孔镜在脊柱结核治疗中具有良好的临床治疗效果,可以快速改善患者的临床症状,明显缩短病程,提高临床治愈率。

药物球囊联合棘突球囊治疗冠脉分叉病变的临床效果

目的探讨药物球囊联合棘突球囊在冠脉分叉病变治疗中的临床效果。方法选取宜春市人民医院2021年10月至2022年10月收治的50例冠脉分叉病变患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(25例)与观察组(25例),对照组采用支架植入联合普通球囊治疗,观察组采用支架植入联合药物球囊与棘突球囊治疗。比较两组的冠脉主支(MB)及分支(SB)治疗情况[参考血管直径(RVD)、最小管腔直径(MLD)、直径狭窄(DS)]、术后6个月血管晚期管腔丢失(LLL)情况以及术后6个月内分叉处支架内再狭窄与主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生情况的差异。结果观察组患者术后6个月MB的MLD高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术毕和术后6个月MB的MLD高于本组术前,DS低于本组术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后6个月SB的MLD高于对照组,DS低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术毕和术后6个月SB的MLD高于本组术前,DS低于本组术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后6个月MB与SB的LLL低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后6个月内分叉处支架内再狭窄发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者术后6个月内MACE总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在冠脉分叉病变治疗中应用药物球囊联合棘突球囊能够提升治疗效果,改善病变管腔狭窄程度,降低LLL发生率。

行为与心理护理在布氏菌病致脊椎脓肿病变患者中的应用效果

目的:探讨行为与心理护理在布氏菌病致脊椎脓肿病变患者中的应用效果.方法:选择天津市第二人民医院2014年2月—2023年2月收治的86例布氏菌病致脊椎脓肿病变患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各43例.所有患者均给予对症治疗,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用行为与心理护理,2组护理时间均为3个月.对比2组脊椎关节功能、椎体前缘高度、临床疗效、生活质量.结果:护理3个月后,观察组脊椎JOA评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组椎体前缘高度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组治疗总有效率为97.70%,高于对照组的83.70%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组生活质量的各个维度评分均高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:布氏菌病致脊椎脓肿病变患者采用行为与心理护理,可提高椎体前缘高度,改善患者脊椎功能,提高患者临床疗效,持续改善患者生活质量.

MRI APPEARANCE OF SPINAL LESIONS: METASTATIC TUMORS OR INFECTIONS?

Three patients with pathologically verified spinal osteomyelitis and another three with metastatic tumors of the spine were investigated. MRI of the spine of four patients show-ed several unusual findings. The preservation of intervertehral discs and endplates did not predict accurately the diagnosis of either infections or tumors. The pepper and salt appearing feature may also occur in a metastatic tumor. Plain radiographs. CT. and radioisotope bone scans were less sensitive than MRI to disclose the lesions. In cases of osteomyelitis, the systemic sources of infections were frequently not found. and the responsible microorganisms could not be identified even from the surgical specimens of two patients. However, mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in the surgical specimen of a patient with cervical spinal lesion whose MRI was indistinguishable from a metastatic tumor. Surgicopathological diagnosis was therefore crucial and mandatory in these in stances.

DIFFERENTIAL ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSES OF PULMONARY BENIGN AND MALIGNANT SPACE-OCCUPIED LESIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL TYPE

87 patients with pulmonary space-occupied lesions of the peripheral type which were either adhesive of close to pleura were examined using ultuasonography.Of them,64 cases of lung cancers and 23 of bening lesions were then confirmed by

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在脊柱占位性病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对脊柱占位性病变的诊断价值。方法 2008年5月～2010年8月对临床不能明确诊断的30例脊柱占位性病变行CT引导下椎体穿刺活检术,在CT扫描监控下,使用骨穿刺活检针,局麻下经椎弓根或椎弓根旁途径取脊柱占位性病变骨质适量,通过变换工作通道方向或用不同直径的骨活检针进行多向多点取材,将钻取标本立即置于10%福尔马林中保存,标本送病理检查及相应的病理细胞学检查。结果 30例均成功穿刺取材,其中28例获得明确诊断:原发恶性肿瘤7例,脊柱转移性肿瘤13例,化脓性脊柱炎2例,脊柱结核2例,嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,神经纤维瘤1例,椎体血管瘤1例,修复性肉芽肿1例;2例未能明确诊断,采取切除活检,术后病理检查结果为嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,转移性腺癌(肺源性)1例。穿刺活检总的诊断准确率93.3%(28/30)。结论 CT引导下穿刺活检术对于脊柱占位性病变诊断具有安全、活检阳性率高特点,是诊断脊柱占位性病变的理想方法,对指导治疗具有重要意义。