Photons in the Non－uniform Optical Waveguide Propagate along z－axis in Spiral Form

This paper gives the strict solution of optical field equation in the optical waveguides with parabolic profiles. It shows that the photons in the non-uniform optical waveguide propagate along z-axis in spiral form, just like a charged particles moving in the magnetic field. Only in the step-index waveguides, it can the photons propagate in ziging form.

Coexistence of Helicobacter pylori spiral and coccoid forms in experimental mice

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FEM Analysis and Simulation for Prediction of Press-Forming and Spring Back of Spiral Plates

In order to provide technical supports for designing a new type of spiral plate forming machine, FEM analysis and simulation were carried out based on pressing tests. Deformation, stress distribution, residual stress and spring back of the spiral plate were calculated. Relationships between the spiral pitch to inclination angle of the punch and die, material properties and thickness of the plate were analyzed. A data converter was developed and effectively used in the analysis. The results of FEM analysis and simulation have been applied to design the spiral plate forming machines.

Research on global form deviations for spiral bevel gear based on latticed measurement

In order to improve the machining ac cu racy of spiral bevel gear,difference surface was adopted to characterize its gl obal form deviations quantifiably and correct its deviations.The theoretical to oth surface model of spiral bevel gear was built,and the actual tooth surface o f spiral bevel gear had been got by using latticed measurement.The equation of difference surface which can characterize the actual tooth surface deviation s was built by means of mathematical method in combination with measurement prin ciple.The quantitative mathematical relationship between the actual tooth surfa ce deviations of spiral bevel gear and the corrected values of the machine-sett ing parameters had been referred,and the theoretical correction formula of the global form deviations had been got by the least square method.Finally,the pinion of spiral bevel gear in the automobile rear axle has been set for an exam ple to account for the effectiveness of the deviation correction by use of the d ifference surface method.

Diameters and form of skull base foramen ovale measured by three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan in healthy adults

BACKGROUND： The accurate measurements of various data of the bone diameters of foramen ovale of living person can change the methods of puncturing trigeminal gasserian ganglion via foramen ovale for treating trifacial neuralgia from the experience of puncture operator only to puncture by taking the objective data of measurement as the evidence, which is good for improving the accuracy of puncturing trigeminal ganglion and reducing side effects. OBJECTIVE ： To observe the forms of foramen ovales in healthy adults displayed by volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction after three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan of skull base, and measure the longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter. DESIGN ： A repetitive observation and measurement SETTINGS ： Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Medical Imaging, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty healthy adults （100 sides）, who were examined with three-dimensional spiral CT scan, were randomly selected from the Department of Medical Imaging, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2005 to January 2006, including 26 males and 24 females, aged 25-68 years with an average of 48 years old. They were all informed and agreed with the examination. METHODS ： The subjects were examined with the Philips 16-slice spiral CT-Mx 8000 IDT CT apparatus （Philips Company, Holland）, the scanning ranged from 2 cm below the canthomeatal line to the level of suprasellar cistem. The width of collimator was 0.75 mm, pitch was 0.663; tube current was 350 mA, voltage was 120 kV, resolution was 512×512 matrix; slice thickness of reconstruction was 1 mm, and interval was 0.5 mm. After the three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan of skull base, the image post-processing techniques including volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction were applied to observe the forms of foramen ovales, and measure the size, longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of the foramen ovales. The figures of the foramen ovales were drawn with mouse along the boundary of bone porous margin and soft tissue. According to the indications, the diameters were measured with computer to observe the forms of foramen ovales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and form of foramen ovales were observed. RESULTS： All the 50 healthy adults （100 sides） were involved in the analysis of results. （1） It was observed in the volume rendering images that foramen ovales had four forms of oval shape （77 sides）, kidney shape （12 sides）, round shape （7 sides）, ribbon shape （4 sides）. （2） The longitudinal diameters of left and right foramen ovales were （7.67±1.32） and （7.98±1.45） mm, and the transverse diameters were （4.04±0.83）, （4.09±1.07） mm; There was no obvious difference between left and right longitudinal diameters （t = 1.63, P = 0.11 ）, and left and right transverse diameters were close （t = 0.45, P= 0.65）. CONCLUSION ： The non-invasive techniques of volume rendering and multi-planar reconstruction after three-dimensional spiral CT thin-slice scan can clearly display the formand size of foramen ovale in healthy adults.

The Design of Form Milling Cutter as the Curve of the Back of Tooth Is Logarithmic Spiral

Form milling cutter is built-for-purpose cutter which process the form surface, for example, usually process male and female circular arc face and form trench and so on. From the traditional concept, form milling cutter is divided into pointed tooth and relieving follow its structure. Relieving shaped cutter is more convenient than pointed tooth milling cutter, because only its rake face is needed to grind after it turn into blunting, so the current books which are used in college almost select relieving shaped cutter in order to introduce how to design the form milling cutter.The curve of the back of tooth of relieving cutter is the transversal which is formed by the rear face of tooth in the end cut plane of the milling cutter. In the past, because of the limit of the manufacturing technology, the curve of the back of tooth is often selected Archimedes’ curve, in order that the shovel-nose tool acquire the uniform motion when the cutter shovel the back, in other word, the rear face of the milling cutter rotate its axis by the new cutting lip, in the same time, it move uniformly to the axis in order to form the surface. Although this curve of the back of tooth meet the fixedness of the form of blade around grinding the cutter, the rear angle of the dot of the cutting lip don’t keep fixedness. With the development of the modern manufacturing technology, the unmanageable problem of many complex curves is already easily solved. So it is need to study the optimum profile of the curve of the back of tooth in theory, and study the design theory of the relieving shaped cutter under the condition of new manufacture, in order to ensure that the rear angle of the dot of the cutting lip keep fixedness after the relieving shaped cutter is grinded. The paper derive the curve profile of tooth of the form cutter and the modifier calculation formula of the profile of the cutter edge from the definition of the rear angle of the cutter, which establish the foundation for the precision design and manufacture of other form cutter.

基于Dynaform的螺旋底外壳件液压拉深成形仿真技术研究

用Dynaform有限元仿真软件对汽车制动器螺旋底外壳件液压拉深成形过程进行了模拟,详细阐述了液压拉深成形仿真技术在制动器外壳件液压成形中的应用具体步骤,分析了压边力和液体压力对阶梯形件成形品质的影响。研究结果表明,合适的压边力和液体压力能防止制动器螺旋底外壳件拉深缺陷的发生。

Micro Electrical Discharge Machining Deposition in Air for Fabrication of Micro Spiral Structures

Micro electrical discharge machining（EDM） deposition process is a new micro machining method for fabrication of metal micro structures. In this process, the high level of tool electrode wear is used to achieve the metal material deposition. Up to now, the studies of micro EDM deposition process focused mainly on the researches of deposition process, namely the effects of discharge parameters in deposition process on the deposition rate or deposition quality. The research of the formation of micro structures with different discharge energy density still lacks. With proper conditions and only by the z-axis feeding in vertical direction, a novel shape of micro spiral structure can be deposited, with 0.11 mm in wire diameter, 0.20 mm in outside diameter, and 3.78 mm in height. Then some new deposition strategies including angular deposition and against the gravity deposition were also successful. In order to find the forming mechanism of the spiral structures, the numerical simulation of the transient temperature distribution on the discharge point was conducted by using the finite-element method（FEM）. The results show that there are two major factors lead to the forming of the spiral structures. One is the different material removal form of tool electrode according with the discharge energy density, the other is the influenced degree of the movement of the removed material particles in the discharge gap. The more the energy density in single discharge is, the smaller the mass of the removed material particles is, and the easier the movements of which will be changed to form an order tendency. The fine texture characteristics of the deposited micro spiral structures were analyzed by the energy spectrum analysis and the metallographic analysis. It shows that the components of the deposited material are almost the same as those of the tool electrode. Moreover the deposited material has the brass metallic luster in the longitudinal profile and has compact bonding with the base material. This research is useful to understand the micro-process of micro EDM deposition better and helpful to increase the controllability of the new EDM method for fabrication of micro structures.

Coccoid <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Can Directly Adhere and Invade in Agminated Formation to Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can infect into the epithelial cell to cause benign or malignant disorders. Under stressful environment, a spiral form of H. pylori is transformed into a coccoid form. The infectivity of the coccoid form is still controversial. Since spiral forms are transformed into two types of coccoid forms via different mechanisms, the infectivity of the two types of coccoid forms into human gastric epithelial cell was examined. A laboratory and a clinical strain of H. pyloriv were cultured in liquid medium under different conditions to produce the two types of coccoid forms. These coccoid H. pylorisv were then co-cultured with human derived gastric epithelial cell, MKN-28. Adhesion and penetration of bacteria into MKN-28 cells were monitored by scanning-, standard transmission- and immunotransmission-electron microscopy (SEM, TEM and ITEM). We observed that both coccoid forms were able to adhere onto the surface of MKN-28 cells in agminated formation and also penetrated into the gastric epithelial cells besides the spiral form of H. pyloriv. Coccoid H. pylori is not a passive entity but can actively infect the human gastric epithelial cell.

渭北黄土台塬区水库水下岸坡稳定形态预测模型研究

黄土地区水库塌岸预测仍以卡丘金法等经验图解法为主,此类方法预测结果的准确性取决于对岸坡剖面形态的准确描述。为了提高黄土地区水库塌岸宽度预测的准确性,选取渭北黄土台塬区选择典型水库进行现场调查,对原河道岸坡形态与蓄水后岸坡形态进行对比分析,在此基础上建立了水下岸坡形态预测模型。结果表明,渭北黄土台塬区水库岸坡塌岸稳定后,水上岸坡呈直立状,高度可达30 m以上,水下岸坡呈曲线形,受水深和岸坡高度共同影响,塌落物可能露出水面。在此基础上基于对数螺线方程建立了水下岸坡形态预测模型,并与经典图解法所用直线型岸坡进行对比,误差分析结果表明采用对数螺线方程进行水下岸坡形态预测时堆积体积误差为4.50%~39.70%,均值为12.64%,而直线型岸坡的预测误差为25.75%~124.69%,均值为75.69%。即采用对数螺线方程可以更好的测水下岸坡形态及水下堆积量。相关研究成果对黄土台塬区水库塌岸预测方法的改进,以及黄河流域的渭北黄土台塬区的环境保护与高质量发展具有实际意义。

螺纹升角对螺旋波纹管液压成形性能的影响

为了深入探究螺旋波纹管在液压成形工艺中的变形行为,以304不锈钢圆管为研究对象,采用有限元模拟方法分析了不同螺纹升角下管坯的液压成形过程,研究了不同螺纹升角对螺旋波纹管螺纹段胀形高度、减薄率以及波高均匀度的影响。结果表明,在相同内压力下,随着螺纹升角的增大,螺纹段胀形高度和最大减薄率显著降低,同时波高均匀度上升,但是壁厚增厚率变化不明显。最后以螺纹升角15°为例开展了螺旋波纹管液压成形实验验证。结果表明,内压力与补料量匹配不恰当主要会导致中心破裂和两端起皱两种缺陷。当液压成形工艺参数为:整形压力140 MPa,补料量15 mm,推头轴向进给速度1.5 mm·s^(-1),获得了成形质量优异的螺旋波纹管零件,实验结果与有限元模拟结果基本吻合。

青少年自主健身行为养成教育模式研究

青少年自主健身行为是青少年积极发展的重要表现,能够有效促进其身心社德行全面健康发展,提升美好生活满足感。充分考虑青少年自主健身行为养成教育过程中主体被制度约束、受环境促进、自主稳固的三阶段特征,构建以全面健康、积极发展为目标理念,以外部环境协同联动和个体“非自主--自主”螺旋式提升为内容体系,以全校性与全员性相结合、系统性与科学性相结合、长期性与反复性相结合、教育与自我教育相结合、因材施教与区别对待相结合、注重运动量-效关系为实施途径,以教学与实践保障、管理与反馈保障、研究与创新保障为实施保障的养成教育模式,旨在为青少年自主健身行为养成教育提供理论参鉴。

基于平面共轭对数的弧齿锥齿轮齿面设计研究

为了提高弧齿锥齿轮建模模拟在承载工作的情况下所得出数据的准确性,在球面渐开线弧齿锥齿轮齿面成形设计原理的基础上,引入平面共轭对数对球面渐开线弧齿锥齿轮齿面形成理论进行进一步的研究与改进,建立与法向截面圆弧齿形点位相接触的弧齿锥齿轮数学模型,并利用修改后的齿面设计理论进行弧齿锥齿轮工作齿面、齿顶根曲线及齿根过渡曲面的齿面精确数学建模,使大小轮之间的共轭曲面啮合精度得到提升,从而提高弧齿锥齿轮在循环啮合过程当中的接触强度与稳定性,并对原先球面渐开线理论中所具有的对弧齿锥齿轮传动时的轴角可分性进行分析,进行存在轴角误差时对该设计下齿轮的传动误差的影响。

螺旋埋弧焊管在风电塔筒制造领域的应用研究

近年来我国风力发电对风电装机的需求不断增大,为了进一步提升风电塔筒的制造技术和效率,对传统风电塔筒制造工艺和螺旋埋弧焊接风电塔筒制造工艺的优点和缺点做了分析比对,提出用螺旋埋弧焊接方法制造风电塔筒有显著的优势,如更高的生产效率、更低的缺陷产生几率及更少的环焊缝。目前国外已经开始采用螺旋埋弧焊接工艺制造风电塔筒,我国螺旋埋弧焊管企业需要克服超大管径、壁厚和管长等技术难题,以更好地推进螺旋埋弧焊管在风电塔筒制造中的应用。

某空间螺旋塔斜拉桥合理结构体系研究

某斜拉桥方案采用反对称螺旋形桥塔,空间四索面,造型较为新颖。由于桥梁结构较为复杂,为选用适宜的结构体系,基于桥梁结构的受力形态,在综合比较了漂浮体系、半漂浮体系、半固结体系的优劣后,确定半漂浮体系为最佳方案,并进一步讨论了地震作用下该桥合理的约束体系。这一流程对解决类似复杂结构桥梁合理结构体系的问题有一定参考价值。

三角翼前缘涡破裂形式及特性研究

基于流动显示和PIV技术测量的实验结果,对三角翼前缘涡破裂的一些形式和破裂特性进行了分析和讨论．通过PIV测量所得到的涡量分布证实了在螺旋破裂的情况下,涡核的螺旋方向与前缘涡的旋转方向相反,及双螺旋破裂形式的存在等．进而对螺旋波的形成机理提出了与有关文献不同的看法．

地源热泵桩基螺旋埋管换热性能实验研究

实验研究了不同螺旋形式和流速对桩基螺旋埋管换热性能的影响。结果显示,不同埋管方式导致埋管的换热热阻不同,螺距越小,热阻越大,单螺旋埋管的热阻比三螺旋小34.58%,双螺旋的比三螺旋小25.71%;管内流速越大,热阻越小,单螺旋埋管0.8m/s工况时的热阻比0.6,0.4m/s工况分别小3%和9%;当管内为湍流时,流速对单位管长换热量的影响较小。

脉冲形成线中筒与外筒间电感对二极管电压的影响

从理论上分析了脉冲形成线中筒与外筒之间的连接电感对二极管输出电压的影响,使用Pspice软件对理论计算结果进行模拟验证,并利用水介质螺旋脉冲形成线型电子束加速器进行了实验研究。理论分析、软件模拟和实验结果均表明:中筒与外筒之间过大的电感可使输出电压脉冲的平顶变短,上升沿时间延长,波形峰值降低。当连接电感小于200 nH时,可在加速器场发射真空二极管上输出接近方波的电压脉冲。

从动螺旋伞齿轮精锻成形数值模拟和实验研究

对从动螺旋伞齿轮的精锻成形过程进行三维刚塑性有限元模拟和实验研究,得出了从动螺旋伞齿轮精锻过程的金属流动规律和变形力参数特征,获得了从动螺旋伞齿轮精锻工艺方法和成形力计算公式,为从动螺旋伞齿轮的精锻成形工艺的应用提供指导。

遗传算法与惩罚函数法在辗轧成形工艺参数优化中的应用

针对锥辊辗轧成形工艺参数调整难的问题,建立辗轧工艺参数优化的数学模型,运用惩罚函数法把多约束的目标函数转化为无约束的目标函数,进而建立适用于遗传算法(GA)的适应度函数,对辗轧工艺参数进行优化。最后分别给出了标准遗传算法(canonical genetic algorithms,CGA)优化和遗传算法结合内点惩罚优化过程中各个目标函数的变化曲线,得到了最佳工艺参数,并通过实验把轧出的叶片与标准叶片进行比较。实验证明,该方法对辗轧参数的优化是切实可行的,对工厂的实际生产具有指导作用。