It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds h...It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds historical and contemporary relevance.The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship.During their exchanges,both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism.Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.展开更多
It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds ...It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds historical and contemporary relevance. The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship. During their exchanges, both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism. Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.展开更多
Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for ...Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for women involved in resistance activities in WWII.More specifically,the study explores how women used cycling during World War Ⅱ not only for mobility but as a profound expression of courage,endurance and solidarity which enabled them to overcome physical and symbolic barriers under totalitarian regimes.The bicycle emerges not only as a central co-agent but also actively co-creates the situations in which it emerges as a transformative force.Cycling acted as a catalyst for personal and collective empowerment,fostering new subjectivities while transcending physical and social limitations.This study sparks multidimensional discourse on how technological tools can co-create our societies and identities,offering insights into how bicycles can drive socio-political change,promote emancipation and foster inclusivity.展开更多
Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various p...Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various pathogens cause human disease, research in microbial pathogenesis also addresses mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. Answering fundamental questions regarding host-microbe interactions requires an interdisciplinary approach, including microbiology, genomics, informatics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, immunology, epidemiology, environment and interaction between host and microbe. Studies investigating the direct effects of pollutants on respiratory tract infections are very vast, but those interested in the role of a pre-existing disease and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses are few. In an experimental study at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments, frank toxicological responses are rarely observed, however, exposure to secondary stress like the respiratory challenge with infectious bacteria can exacerbate the response of the experimental host. The models like experimental, mechanical, and mathematical are the most abstract, but they allow analysis and logical proofs in a way that other approaches do not permit. The present review is mostly concerned with these model representations particularly with a novel mathematical model explaining the interaction between pathogen and immunity including the equivalence point.展开更多
The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of a...The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of activities to commemorate this event that has most deeply impacted human history. The Second World War, the crudest war展开更多
Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 1...Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 129th Division Creating A classics ofQuick attackChapter 4. Commanded by Mao Zedong, the 129th Division Rushed toward the GreatPlainChapter 5. Fallowing the Great Victory of the Xiang cheng Mountain Campaign,Casting a iarge net on the Southern Jinan Plain by the Commanders Liuand展开更多
Through a detailed analysis and documentation of relevant U.S.foreign relations and other official documents of the period around the Korean War,this paper aims to prove that in the early negotiation process of the 19...Through a detailed analysis and documentation of relevant U.S.foreign relations and other official documents of the period around the Korean War,this paper aims to prove that in the early negotiation process of the 1951 San Francisco peace treaty,the United States maintained that South Korea should participate in signing the treaty and that the U.S.changed its position because of the resilient British opposition to South Korean participation,which in turn was motivated strongly by the British concern over its strategic interests in East Asia and its diplomatic relations with the newly communized China.In particular,the Chinese intervention in the Korean War and the communist recapture of Seoul provided the impetus for this shift in the U.S.position that led to the exclusion of South Korea from the treaty.Because the substance of the San Francisco peace treaty was dictated by the exigencies under the Korean War and the Cold War and lacks the“Grotian spirit of international law”underlying the founding of the League of Nations and the United Nations,the San Francisco peace treaty does not contain sufficient merit to be worthy of permanent compliance,which leaves open the possibility of modification in the future.展开更多
Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship...Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship and the traditional spirit of the Way of the Bodhisattva.In terms of individual life experience,it responds to the spirit of the times through the conscious and innovative use of Buddhist conceptions introduced in a modern manner;in terms of identifying a social role,its artistic practice consciously and actively answers the call of China’s wartime cultural strategy;and in terms of artistic production,it vigorously promotes modernization of expression and popular participation.These new elements and tendencies offer a perspective that cannot be overlooked if we are to gain an in-depth and comprehensive appreciation and evaluation of the role of wartime Buddhist literature in China’s national war of resistance.展开更多
基金supported by Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education“Research on the Translation,Sharing,and Evolution of Marxist Terminology in the Early Translation of the Communist Manifesto between China and Japan”(《共产党宣言》在中日两国早期译介过程中马克思主义术语的译出、共享与演变研究,20YJC740035).
文摘It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,as it holds historical and contemporary relevance.The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship.During their exchanges,both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism.Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.
基金Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education “Research on the Translation, Sharing, and Evolution of Marxist Terminology in the Early Translation of the Communist Manifesto between China and Japan”
文摘It is important to clarify the historical facts and summarize the characteristics of the communication and cooperation between the CPC and the JCP during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, as it holds historical and contemporary relevance. The research findings indicate that the Comintern played a crucial role as the key intermediary in facilitating the establishment of connections between the CPC and the JCP and in driving the deepening of their relationship. During their exchanges, both parties adhered to a flexible and multi-layered friendship based on the unified values of patriotism and internationalism. Their efforts played a significant role in the establishment of an international anti-fascist front in the East.
文摘Drawing upon Donna Haraway’s cyborg theory,this paper argues that the bicycle can be conceived as a cyborg extension of body and identity which transcended its mechanical essence to become an integral co-partner for women involved in resistance activities in WWII.More specifically,the study explores how women used cycling during World War Ⅱ not only for mobility but as a profound expression of courage,endurance and solidarity which enabled them to overcome physical and symbolic barriers under totalitarian regimes.The bicycle emerges not only as a central co-agent but also actively co-creates the situations in which it emerges as a transformative force.Cycling acted as a catalyst for personal and collective empowerment,fostering new subjectivities while transcending physical and social limitations.This study sparks multidimensional discourse on how technological tools can co-create our societies and identities,offering insights into how bicycles can drive socio-political change,promote emancipation and foster inclusivity.
文摘Microbial pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites and together account for a significant percentage of acute and chronic human diseases. In addition to understanding the mechanisms by which various pathogens cause human disease, research in microbial pathogenesis also addresses mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. Answering fundamental questions regarding host-microbe interactions requires an interdisciplinary approach, including microbiology, genomics, informatics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, immunology, epidemiology, environment and interaction between host and microbe. Studies investigating the direct effects of pollutants on respiratory tract infections are very vast, but those interested in the role of a pre-existing disease and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses are few. In an experimental study at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments, frank toxicological responses are rarely observed, however, exposure to secondary stress like the respiratory challenge with infectious bacteria can exacerbate the response of the experimental host. The models like experimental, mechanical, and mathematical are the most abstract, but they allow analysis and logical proofs in a way that other approaches do not permit. The present review is mostly concerned with these model representations particularly with a novel mathematical model explaining the interaction between pathogen and immunity including the equivalence point.
文摘The year 2005 marks the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the world’s anti-fascist war. China and many other countries have held all kinds of activities to commemorate this event that has most deeply impacted human history. The Second World War, the crudest war
文摘Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 129th Division Creating A classics ofQuick attackChapter 4. Commanded by Mao Zedong, the 129th Division Rushed toward the GreatPlainChapter 5. Fallowing the Great Victory of the Xiang cheng Mountain Campaign,Casting a iarge net on the Southern Jinan Plain by the Commanders Liuand
文摘Through a detailed analysis and documentation of relevant U.S.foreign relations and other official documents of the period around the Korean War,this paper aims to prove that in the early negotiation process of the 1951 San Francisco peace treaty,the United States maintained that South Korea should participate in signing the treaty and that the U.S.changed its position because of the resilient British opposition to South Korean participation,which in turn was motivated strongly by the British concern over its strategic interests in East Asia and its diplomatic relations with the newly communized China.In particular,the Chinese intervention in the Korean War and the communist recapture of Seoul provided the impetus for this shift in the U.S.position that led to the exclusion of South Korea from the treaty.Because the substance of the San Francisco peace treaty was dictated by the exigencies under the Korean War and the Cold War and lacks the“Grotian spirit of international law”underlying the founding of the League of Nations and the United Nations,the San Francisco peace treaty does not contain sufficient merit to be worthy of permanent compliance,which leaves open the possibility of modification in the future.
文摘Modern Chinese Buddhist literature of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a unique literary phenomenon written in a unique era.Thematically,it combines the modern Buddhist consciousness of citizenship and the traditional spirit of the Way of the Bodhisattva.In terms of individual life experience,it responds to the spirit of the times through the conscious and innovative use of Buddhist conceptions introduced in a modern manner;in terms of identifying a social role,its artistic practice consciously and actively answers the call of China’s wartime cultural strategy;and in terms of artistic production,it vigorously promotes modernization of expression and popular participation.These new elements and tendencies offer a perspective that cannot be overlooked if we are to gain an in-depth and comprehensive appreciation and evaluation of the role of wartime Buddhist literature in China’s national war of resistance.
