High strain rate compressive strength behavior of cemented paste backfill using split Hopkinson pressure bar

The stability of cemented paste backfill(CPB)is threatened by dynamic disturbance,but the conventional low strain rate laboratory pressure test has difficulty achieving this research purpose.Therefore,a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)was utilized to investigate the high strain rate compressive behavior of CPB with dynamic loads of 0.4,0.8,and 1.2 MPa.And the failure modes were determined by macro and micro analysis.CPB with different cement-to-tailings ratios,solid mass concentrations,and curing ages was prepared to conduct the SHPB test.The results showed that increasing the cement content,tailings content,and curing age can improve the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus.Under an impact load,a higher strain rate can lead to larger increasing times of the dynamic compressive strength when compared with static loading.And the dynamic compressive strength of CPB has an exponential correlation with the strain rate.The macroscopic failure modes indicated that CPB is more seriously damaged under dynamic loading.The local damage was enhanced,and fine cracks were formed in the interior of the CPB.This is because the CPB cannot dissipate the energy of the high strain rate stress wave in a short loading period.

Water‑immersion softening mechanism of coal rock mass based on split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment

The coal mining process is afected by various water sources such as groundwater and coal seam water injection.Understanding the dynamic mechanical parameters of water-immersed coal is helpful for coalmine safe production.The impact compression tests were performed on coal with diferent moisture contents by using theϕ50 mm Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)experimental system,and the dynamic characteristics and energy loss laws of water-immersed coal with diferent compositions and water contents were analyzed.Through analysis and discussion,it is found that:(1)When the moisture content of the coal sample is 0%,30%,60%,the stress,strain rate and energy frst increase and then decrease with time.(2)When the moisture content of the coal sample increases from 30%to 60%,the stress“plateau”of the coal sample becomes more obvious,resulting in an increase in the compressive stress stage and a decrease in the expansion stress stage.(3)The increase of moisture content of the coal sample will afect its impact deformation and failure mode.When the moisture content is 60%,the incident rod end and the transmission rod end of the coal sample will have obvious compression failure,and the middle part of the coal sample will also experience expansion and deformation.(4)The coal composition ratio suitable for the coal immersion softening impact experiment is optimized.

Dynamic property evaluation of aluminum alloy 2519A by split Hopkinson pressure bar

Impact behavior of aluminum alloy 2519A was investigated at strain rates of 600-7 000 s-1 and temperatures of 20-450 ℃ by a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The results show that the flow stress is dominated by temperature, and it increases with strain rate and decreases with deformation temperature. The serrated flow curves show the dynamic recrystallization occurs. The strain rate sensitivity exponents m determined are 0.066, 0.059 4, 0.059 0 and 0.057 3 at 20, 150, 300 and 450 ℃, respectively. Cowper- Symonds constitutive equation expressing the plastic flow behavior was calculated by analysis and regression of the experimental results. The fracture characteristics under the experimental conditions were observed by optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). It is determined that the tested material fails as a result of adiabatic shearing.

Calibration of split Hopkinson pressure bar system with special shape striker

In order to present basic guidance for system calibration of split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) with the special shape striker,wave characteristics and dynamic responses of SHPB under striker impact were analyzed.Stress generated by the special shape striker tends to have a half-sine waveform and has little wave dispersion during its propagation.Impact velocities of the special shape striker and peak values of generated stress still have linear relation but with a different coefficient from that of cylindrical strikers.From stress histories on the surfaces of the input bar impacted by the special shape striker off-axially and obliquely,it is found that the misalignment impacts usually trigger wave distortion and amplitude decrease,which can be used to identify the poor system adjustment.Finally,the system calibration of SHPB with the special shape striker can be classified into four steps:system adjustment,wave distortion identification,measurement calibration and transmission calibration,where the measurement calibration factor and transmission calibration factor are elaborated and redefined.

Study on Interface Friction Model for Engineering Materials Testing on Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Tests

Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) has become a frequently used technique to measure the uniaxial compressive stress-strain relation of various engineering materials at high strain-rates. The accuracy of an SHPB test is based on the assumption of uniaxial and uniform stress distribution within the specimen, which, however, is not always satisfied in an actual SHPB test due to the existence of some unavoidable negative factors, e.g., interface friction constrains. Kinetic interface friction tests based on a simple device for engineering materials testing on SHPB tests are performed. A kinetic interface friction model is proposed and validated by implementing it into a numerical model. It shows that the proposed simple device is sufficient to obtain kinetic interface friction results for common SHPB tests. The kinetic friction model should be used instead of the frequently used constant friction model for more accurate numerical simulation of SHPB tests.

Approach to minish scattering of results for split Hopkinson pressure bar test

Split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） apparatus, usually used for testing behavior of material in median and high strain-rate, is now widely used in the study of rock dynamic constitutive relation, damage evolvement mechanism and energy consumption. However, the possible reasons of sampling disturbance, machining error and so on often lead to the scattering of test results, and bring ultimate difficulty for forming general test conclusion. Based on the stochastic finite element method, the uncertain parameters of specimen density ps, specimen radius Rs, specimen elastic modulus Es and specimen length Ls in the data processing of SHPB test were considered, and the correlation between the parameters and the test results was analyzed. The results show that the specimen radius Rs has direct correlation with the test result, improving the accuracy in preparing and measuring of specimen is an effective way to improve the accuracy of test and minish the scattering of results for SHPB test.

Testing of High-Strength Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass with the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar

The split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） was used to determine the dynamic compressive strength of the high-strength Zr38Ti17Cu10.5Co12Be22.5 bulk metallic glass at strain rate on the order of 102 s^-1. It is shown that at high strain rates beyond about 1 000 s^-1, uniform deformation within the metallic glass specimen could not be achieved and dispersion in the transmitted pulse can lead to discrepancies in measuring the dynamic failure strength of the present Zr-based bulk metallic glass. Based on these reasons, a copper insert was placed between the strike bar and the input bar to obtain reliable and consistent experimental data for testing of the Zr38Ti17Cu10.5Co12Be22.5 bulk metallic glass using the SHPB. Negative strain rate sensitivity was found in the present Zr-based bulk metallic glass.

不同含水率红陶土的SHPB动力学性能实验

为研究动态加载下红陶土的动态力学特性,利用分离式霍普金森压杆系统,开展了含水率分别为5%、7%、9%、11%、13%和15%,冲击速度分别为6、8、10 m/s,分析了不同含水率和应变率条件下红陶土的动力学特性。结果表明:随着冲击速度的增大,红陶土应变率效应显著;在冲击荷载作用下,红陶土的动态应力-应变关系曲线随加载应变率提高呈现2种曲线类型,分别为脆-塑性破坏和脆性破坏,随着应变率的增加,红陶土破坏过程由塑-脆性破坏逐转变为脆性破坏;红陶土的抗压强度、动态弹性模量均随应变率的增大而增加,并随着含水率的增大先减小后增大。

基于广义波阻抗理论的SHPB试验中弹性压缩阶段试件应力-应变曲线的应力波效应及其影响机理

定量研究分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验中弹性压缩阶段试件中的应力波效应是解耦准确材料弹性曲线的基础。在满足平面波假设的基础上,基于广义波阻抗理论,对杆与试件面积不匹配时试件弹性压缩阶段应力波演化造成的结构效应开展了定量理论研究,分析了不同情况下弹性阶段内试件唯象工程及实际材料应力-应变曲线的偏差特征与主要因素,并揭示了影响这种偏差的影响规律及其机理。研究表明:对于线性入射加载波,当无量纲时间为0.5的倍数时,即使其他参数改变,试件唯象与材料实际的应力-应变曲线仍对应相等;试件两端的应力差较大时,若应力差的变化趋于稳定,则试件唯象与材料实际的应力-应变曲线差异较小。计算了不同波动区间内试件的最大应力偏离值及其变化趋势和对应的无量纲时间,研究了入射波是双线性组合波时试件的应力-应变曲线。研究表明:双线性波入射时,2个线性区间可以独立分析,无论如何组合线性区间或应力差如何变化,只要试件两端应力差为近似恒定曲线,对应的试件唯象工程应力-应变曲线都是相对准确的。

Dynamic rock tests using split Hopkinson （Kolsky） bar system - A review

Dynamic properties of rocks are important in a variety of rock mechanics and rock engineering problems. Due to the transient nature of the loading, dynamic tests of rock materials are very different from and much more challenging than their static counterparts. Dynamic tests are usually conducted using the split Hopkinson bar or Kolsl^j bar systems, which include both split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） and split Hopkinson tension bar （SHTB） systems. Significant progress has been made on the quantification of various rock dynamic properties, owing to the advances in the experimental techniques of SHPB system. This review aims to fully describe and critically assess the detailed procedures and principles of tech- niques for dynamic rock tests using split Hopkinson bars. The history and principles of SHPB are outlined, followed by the key loading techniques that are useful for dynamic rock tests with SHPB （i.e. pulse shaping, momentum-trap and multi-axial loading techniques）. Various measurement techniques for rock tests in SHPB （i.e. X-ray micro computed tomography （CT）, laser gap gauge （LGG）, digital image corre- lation （DIC）, Moir~ method, caustics method, photoelastic coating method, dynamic infrared thermog- raphy） are then discussed. As the main objective of the review, various dynamic measurement techniques for rocks using SHPB are described, including dynamic rock strength measurements （i.e. dynamic compression, tension, bending and shear tests）, dynamic fracture measurements （i.e. dynamic imitation and propagation fracture toughness, dynamic fracture energy and fracture velocity）, and dy- namic techniques for studying the influences of temperature and pore water.

SHPB循环冲击实验技术在岩石冲击动力学教学中的应用研究

该文通过将SHPB实验与岩石冲击动力学相关理论课程相结合的教学模式,提高学生对岩石冲击力学响应和能量演化特征的认知与理解,培养学生在科学实验方面的实际操作能力和严谨态度,发挥学生自主开展实验研究的主观能动性,提升教学效果。基于多学科交叉融合理念,联系科学研究热点问题,引导学生进一步思考并探索更多“SHPB+”,有助于培养学生的科研实践能力与思维创新精神。

基于SHPB劈裂实验技术的岩石冲击动力学教学模式与实践

分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)是测定岩石材料在中、高应变率下动力响应行为的专业设备。为了帮助学生深刻认识和理解岩石的冲击劈裂力学特性与应力应变演化机理,聚焦岩石冲击动力学关键科学问题,将SHPB冲击劈裂实验技术引入岩石冲击动力学教学中,采用“理论+实验+讨论”的教学模式,建立教学课程的持续改进机制,解决了岩石冲击动力学理论知识学习的晦涩难懂、枯燥乏味,弥补了岩石冲击动力学理论教学的不足。可拓展学生的创新性思维以培养学生提出和解决关键科学问题的能力。

基于SHPB的切缝药包防护特性研究

为探究定向断裂控制爆破中切缝药包对围岩的防护特性,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验对用药包材料制成的垫片防护下的花岗岩试块进行冲击,分别研究垫片与岩石间距、垫片材料和厚度因素对围岩防护效果的影响,分析在高速冲击下岩石的破碎情况和应力峰值,并建立多个切缝药包单孔爆破数值模型,通过对比不同情况下围岩损伤而进一步揭示切缝药包对围岩的防护特性机理。研究结果表明:岩石在强冲击荷载作用下严重破碎,当采用外壳垫片防护后,岩石的破碎程度有所降低。相同垫片厚度和垫片与岩石间距离固定的情况下,PVC外壳垫片防护效果要优于ABS外壳垫片。随着垫片厚度的增加和岩石与垫片间距的增加,岩石受损程度逐渐减弱,且增加垫片厚度对岩石的防护效果要优于增加岩石与垫片外壳间距的防护效果,研究成果可为控制爆破提供技术参考。

不同负温和含水率模拟月壤SHPB试验与分析

为了解月球永久阴影区月壤的动态力学性能,以玄武质模拟月壤进行动态冲击试验,研究不同负温、不同含水率及不同应变率加载下模拟月壤的动态应力-应变曲线特性、动态抗压强度和破坏特征,分析动态抗压强度、动弹性模量与模拟月壤负温、含水率、应变率的关系。试验结果表明:动态抗压强度与应变率呈正相关关系;破坏形态类型主要为锥形剪切破坏和颗粒状粉碎破坏;破碎块度分布具有良好的分形特征。研究结果能为未来月球资源研究提供参考。

流固耦合作用下深部岩石动态力学响应研究进展

深部岩石处于高地应力、高渗透压和强动态扰动的复杂地质环境之中,3者作用下岩石体更加容易发生损伤破裂,诱发突涌水、渗漏、井喷等工程地质灾害,因而探究流固耦合作用下岩石的动态力学响应是开展岩石工程建设的前提之一。近年来,国内外众多学者在考虑水和不同应力状态下的岩石动态力学实验研究方面取得了显著的成果。为给工程建设提供更加全面的指导并为后续研究奠定基础,从实验装置、测试结果以及围压与水的作用机理层面,对上述工作进行了回顾与总结。首先介绍了分离式霍普金森压杆测试装置的基本原理,以及用于模拟深部岩石赋存环境所进行的装置改进,包括围压分离式霍普金森压杆实验系统和孔压(渗透压)耦合的分离式霍普金森压杆实验系统,简要分析了各类装置在研究流固耦合作用下岩石动力学问题时的优势和不足。其次,总结了考虑不同应力状态(单向加载、三向围压加载)的流固耦合作用下岩石的动态力学响应特性。详细介绍了固定预设孔压、渗透压耦合作用下深部岩石的动态力学响应及其随孔隙水压、渗透压变化的规律。随后,概述了围压对岩石动力学性质的影响机理,分析了不同围压条件下的影响规律;总结了水对岩石动态力学性质的强化、弱化微观机制和定量表达。最后,对流固耦合作用下深部岩石的动态力学响应进行了概括总结,并对未来实验研究工作和深部赋存条件下岩石动态力学的研究方向进行了展望。

基于CSSA-BPNN模型的胶结充填体动态抗压强度预测

充填采矿法二步骤回采时胶结充填体稳定性受爆破扰动而降低。为快速准确地获得充填体动态抗压强度,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)进行了40组不同应变率的单轴冲击实验,以灰砂比、充填体密度、养护龄期和平均应变率作为输入参数,充填体动态抗压强度作为输出参数,建立了一种基于Logistic混沌麻雀搜索算法(CSSA)优化BP神经网络(BPNN)的预测模型,并与传统BPNN和麻雀搜索算法优化的BPNN进行了对比分析。结果表明:CSSA-BPNN模型的平均相对误差为4.11%,预测值与实测值之间拟合的相关系数均在0.96以上,模型预测精度高。CSSA-BPNN模型的均方根误差为0.395 0 MPa,平均绝对误差为0.359 2 MPa,决定系数为0.995 2,均优于另外两种预测模型。实现了对充填体动态抗压强度的准确预测,可大幅减小物理实验量,为矿山胶结充填体的强度设计提供了一种新方法。

高温下玄武岩纤维增强地质聚合物混凝土的动态压缩力学行为

为研究高温下玄武岩纤维增强地质聚合物混凝土(BFRGC)的动态压缩力学行为,本文制备了纤维体积掺量为0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的BFRGC试件,并对其进行了不同温度(20、200、400、600、800℃)下的动态冲击试验。结果表明:BFRGC试件静态抗压强度、动态抗压强度和比能量吸收具有明显的温度强化效应和高温损伤效应,峰值应变表现出显著的温度塑化效应。BFRGC试件的静态抗压强度、动态抗压强度的温度阀值为400℃。随着温度的升高,BFRGC试件的静态抗压强度、动态抗压强度和比能量吸收均先增大后减小,峰值应变不断增大。掺加适量的玄武岩纤维可以提高常温及高温下地质聚合物混凝土的静态抗压强度和动态力学性能,且其最佳掺量为0.1%。

TC11钛合金动态热塑互动行为研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆对TC11钛合金平板帽形试样进行动态加载,基于高频红外点阵测温技术捕捉了剪切区温升随加载时间变化的历程,结合热传导理论分析和动态剪切数值模拟,分析了动态剪切过程中剪切区温升随时间和空间的分布规律。研究结果表明,在动态剪切加载下,TC11钛合金表现出脆性的变形行为,剪切区最高温升为430℃,且在实验所覆盖的加载速率范围内,加载速率对动态剪切温升影响不明显;显著的温升主要集中在剪切区中心附近100μm量级区域内,温升区具有高度局部化的特征,且剪切区维持较高温度所持续的时间在10μs量级。理论研究和数值模拟发现,动态加载下剪切区内最高温度可达751℃,剪切区温度时空分布规律与实验结果保持一致。实验和数值模拟结果均显示,剪切区最高温升发生在材料断裂时刻,表明剪切区显著温升应来源于剪切变形造成的应变高度集中发展。

循环冲击作用下冻融红砂岩动力学特性与损伤机理

为探索循环动力扰动作用下冻融岩体的强度和变形特性及损伤机理,开展了两种冲击气压下冻融红砂岩的循环冲击试验,研究了循环冲击次数和冻融次数对应力波传播、动态应力-应变曲线、峰值应力和峰值应变的影响规律;基于Lemaitre应变等效原理,提出了能够综合考虑循环冲击和冻融影响的累积损伤因子的计算方法,分析了冻融和循环冲击作用后红砂岩的微观结构特征。结果表明:循环冲击荷载下不同冻融次数处理后的红砂岩试样均呈拉伸破坏模式;红砂岩试样可承受的循环冲击次数与冻融次数呈负相关,冻融75次后试样在首次冲击后即达到破坏状态;循环冲击次数主要影响透射波的起跳点、峰值点对应的横坐标和振幅以及反射波的振幅,而冻融循环次数对第一次冲击时透射波的起跳点、峰值点对应的横坐标和振幅影响较大;红砂岩试样累积损伤因子与动态峰值应力呈现较好的负相关变化规律;冻融和循环冲击复合作用后红砂岩内部裂纹沿颗粒边界扩展且与孔洞连接形成较为复杂的网络。

冲击载荷下煤样动力学响应特性与损伤本构模型

为研究深部煤体动载响应规律,采用分离式霍普金森压杆试验系统对信湖矿煤样开展了不同应变率的单轴冲击压缩试验。研究结果表明:冲击载荷下煤样动态抗压强度强度具有明显的应变率效应,且随着应变率增大,应变硬化现象愈发明显;煤样反射能、透射能、吸收能、耗能密度与应变率呈一次函数关系,耗能占比与应变率呈指数型函数关系,且均保持正相关。基于经典朱-王-唐模型、Weibull分布、Drucker-Prager准则,建立了考虑煤样损伤与黏滞性特征的动态统计损伤本构模型,并对本构模型的准确性与普适性进行了验证。该模型能够较好地描述煤样冲击动态力学行为,为动载影响下深地煤炭安全开采提供了基础研究。