The problem of sewage disposal has received great attention worldwide.The raw sewage contains a variety of high inorganic and organic matters that affect natural water environment.To mitigate such problem,sewage may b...The problem of sewage disposal has received great attention worldwide.The raw sewage contains a variety of high inorganic and organic matters that affect natural water environment.To mitigate such problem,sewage may be recycled through aquaculture practice.Sewage recycling in aquaculture enhances water productivity through nutrients input.Proper loading of sewage ensures viable aquaculture;otherwise,fish mortality occurs due to poor water quality.To optimize sewage application,two different experiments were conducted,each with four treatments.In both experiments,three fish species namely rohu(Labeo rohita Hamilton,1822),mrigal(Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton,1822),and bata(Labeo bata Hamilton,1822)were tested in triplicate in FRP(Fibre-Reinforced Plastic)tanks.Different sewage concentrations(0,25%,50%and 75%)used in first experiment were prepared by mixing freshwater,showing Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD)2.0±0.4 mg/L,10.8±1.4 mg/L,19.6±1.5 mg/L and 41.6±2.58 mg/L,respectively.After 30 days rearing,results showed≥75%fish survival in sewage concentrations up to 50%with BOD level 19.6±1.5 mg/L.Less than 50%fish survived in 75%sewage concentration,with BOD level as 41.6±2.58 mg/L.The second experiment was conducted for 90 days considering 50%sewage concentration as basal dose with BOD level as 19.6 mg/L as an acceptable limit for fish survival.Split doses of sewage were applied in T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) treatments fortnightly,weekly and semi-weekly intervals,while single dose was used in C(control)treatment.Application of split doses resulted better hydro-biological changes,including nutrients recovery,in T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) than that of single dose in control.Fish growth plotted with net primary productivity(NPP),phytoplankton and zooplankton densities exhibited positive correlations in T_(2)(12 doses)and T_(3)(24 doses),considered as optimal doses to ensure better water productivity for desirable fish production than sewage with single dose or limited doses(6 doses).展开更多
AIM: To compare same-day whole-dose vs split-dose of 2-litre polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) plus bisacodyl for colon cleansing for morning colonoscopy.
AIM To compare the efficacy of fixed-time split dose and split dose of an oral sodium picosulfate for bowel preparation.METHODS This is study was prospective, randomized controlled study performed at a single Institut...AIM To compare the efficacy of fixed-time split dose and split dose of an oral sodium picosulfate for bowel preparation.METHODS This is study was prospective, randomized controlled study performed at a single Institution(2013-058). A total of 204 subjects were assigned to receive one of two sodium picosulfate regimens(i.e., fixed-time split or split) prior to colonoscopy. Main outcome measurements were bowel preparation quality and subject tolerability.RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the fixedtime split dose regimen group and the split dose regimen group(Ottawa score mean 2.57 ± 1.91 vs 2.80 ± 2.51, P = 0.457). Cecal intubation time and physician's satisfaction of inspection were not significantly different between the two groups(P = 0.428, P = 0.489). On subgroup analysis, for afternoon procedures, the fixed-time split dose regimen was equally effective as compared with the split dose regimen(Ottawa score mean 2.56 ± 1.78 vs 2.59 ± 2.27, P = 0.932). There was no difference in tolerability or compliance between the two groups. Nausea was 21.2% in the fixed-time split dose group and 14.3% in the split dose group(P = 0.136). Vomiting was 7.1% and 2.9%(P = 0.164), abdominal discomfort 7.1% and 4.8%(P = 0.484), dizziness 1% and 4.8%(P = 0.113), cold sweating 1% and 0%(P = 0.302) and palpitation 0% and 1%(P = 0.330), respectively. Sleep disturbance was two(2%) patients in the fixed-time split dose group and zero(0%) patient in the split dose preparation(P = 0.143) group.CONCLUSION A fixed-time split dose regimen with sodium picosulfate is not inferior to a split dose regimen for bowel preparation and equally effective for afternoon colonoscopy.展开更多
AIM: To compare(using the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale) the efficacy of split-dose vs morning administration of polyethylene glycol solution for colon cleansing in patients undergoing colonoscopy, and to assess the ...AIM: To compare(using the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale) the efficacy of split-dose vs morning administration of polyethylene glycol solution for colon cleansing in patients undergoing colonoscopy, and to assess the optimal preparation-to-colonoscopy interval.METHODS: Single-centre, prospective, randomized, investigator-blind stud in an academic tertiarycare centre. Two hundred patients requiring elective colonoscopy were assigned to receive one of the two preparation regimens(split vs morning) prior to colonoscopy. Main outcome measurements were bowel preparation quality and patient tolerability.RESULTS: Split-dose regimen resulted in better bowel preparation compared to morning regimen [Ottawascore mean 5.52(SD 1.23) vs 6.02(1.34); P = 0.017]. On subgroup analysis, for afternoon procedures, both the preparations were equally effective(P = 0.756). There was no difference in tolerability and compliance between the two regimens.CONCLUSION: Overall, previous evening- same morning split-dosing regimen results in better bowel cleansing for colonoscopy compared to morning preparation. For afternoon procedures, both schedules are equally effective; morning preparation may be more convenient to the patient.展开更多
目的探究20 g硫酸镁联合低剂量聚乙二醇电解质散(PEG)在结肠镜检查前的肠道清洁效果。方法选取2023年2-6月临沂市人民医院行结肠镜检查患者400例,采用随机数字法将患者分成A、B、C、D四组。A组:2 L PEG+30mL西甲硅油;B组:50 g硫酸镁+30...目的探究20 g硫酸镁联合低剂量聚乙二醇电解质散(PEG)在结肠镜检查前的肠道清洁效果。方法选取2023年2-6月临沂市人民医院行结肠镜检查患者400例,采用随机数字法将患者分成A、B、C、D四组。A组:2 L PEG+30mL西甲硅油;B组:50 g硫酸镁+30 mL西甲硅油;C组:标准大剂量4 L PEG+30 mL西甲硅油;D组:20 g硫酸镁+2 L PEG+30 mL西甲硅油。观察记录患者波士顿肠道准备量表(BBPS)评估的肠道清洁质量。次要结果是评估息肉检出率及不良反应发生率。结果D组肠道准备充分率与C组相当(95.7%vs 97.7%),B组肠道准备充分率最低(78.8%)。全结肠及各肠段BBPS评分数据分析显示,D组和C组均有较好的肠道清洁效果,A组最差。四组息肉检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。四组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),D组未明显增加不良反应发生率。结论20 g硫酸镁联合低剂量(2 L)聚乙二醇电解质散具有较好的肠道准备效果,且具有一定的安全性,可作为未来肠道准备的推荐方案。展开更多
文摘The problem of sewage disposal has received great attention worldwide.The raw sewage contains a variety of high inorganic and organic matters that affect natural water environment.To mitigate such problem,sewage may be recycled through aquaculture practice.Sewage recycling in aquaculture enhances water productivity through nutrients input.Proper loading of sewage ensures viable aquaculture;otherwise,fish mortality occurs due to poor water quality.To optimize sewage application,two different experiments were conducted,each with four treatments.In both experiments,three fish species namely rohu(Labeo rohita Hamilton,1822),mrigal(Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton,1822),and bata(Labeo bata Hamilton,1822)were tested in triplicate in FRP(Fibre-Reinforced Plastic)tanks.Different sewage concentrations(0,25%,50%and 75%)used in first experiment were prepared by mixing freshwater,showing Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD)2.0±0.4 mg/L,10.8±1.4 mg/L,19.6±1.5 mg/L and 41.6±2.58 mg/L,respectively.After 30 days rearing,results showed≥75%fish survival in sewage concentrations up to 50%with BOD level 19.6±1.5 mg/L.Less than 50%fish survived in 75%sewage concentration,with BOD level as 41.6±2.58 mg/L.The second experiment was conducted for 90 days considering 50%sewage concentration as basal dose with BOD level as 19.6 mg/L as an acceptable limit for fish survival.Split doses of sewage were applied in T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) treatments fortnightly,weekly and semi-weekly intervals,while single dose was used in C(control)treatment.Application of split doses resulted better hydro-biological changes,including nutrients recovery,in T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) than that of single dose in control.Fish growth plotted with net primary productivity(NPP),phytoplankton and zooplankton densities exhibited positive correlations in T_(2)(12 doses)and T_(3)(24 doses),considered as optimal doses to ensure better water productivity for desirable fish production than sewage with single dose or limited doses(6 doses).
基金Supported by University of Malaya Research Grant,Project No.RG536-13HTM
文摘AIM: To compare same-day whole-dose vs split-dose of 2-litre polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS) plus bisacodyl for colon cleansing for morning colonoscopy.
文摘AIM To compare the efficacy of fixed-time split dose and split dose of an oral sodium picosulfate for bowel preparation.METHODS This is study was prospective, randomized controlled study performed at a single Institution(2013-058). A total of 204 subjects were assigned to receive one of two sodium picosulfate regimens(i.e., fixed-time split or split) prior to colonoscopy. Main outcome measurements were bowel preparation quality and subject tolerability.RESULTS There was no statistical difference between the fixedtime split dose regimen group and the split dose regimen group(Ottawa score mean 2.57 ± 1.91 vs 2.80 ± 2.51, P = 0.457). Cecal intubation time and physician's satisfaction of inspection were not significantly different between the two groups(P = 0.428, P = 0.489). On subgroup analysis, for afternoon procedures, the fixed-time split dose regimen was equally effective as compared with the split dose regimen(Ottawa score mean 2.56 ± 1.78 vs 2.59 ± 2.27, P = 0.932). There was no difference in tolerability or compliance between the two groups. Nausea was 21.2% in the fixed-time split dose group and 14.3% in the split dose group(P = 0.136). Vomiting was 7.1% and 2.9%(P = 0.164), abdominal discomfort 7.1% and 4.8%(P = 0.484), dizziness 1% and 4.8%(P = 0.113), cold sweating 1% and 0%(P = 0.302) and palpitation 0% and 1%(P = 0.330), respectively. Sleep disturbance was two(2%) patients in the fixed-time split dose group and zero(0%) patient in the split dose preparation(P = 0.143) group.CONCLUSION A fixed-time split dose regimen with sodium picosulfate is not inferior to a split dose regimen for bowel preparation and equally effective for afternoon colonoscopy.
文摘AIM: To compare(using the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale) the efficacy of split-dose vs morning administration of polyethylene glycol solution for colon cleansing in patients undergoing colonoscopy, and to assess the optimal preparation-to-colonoscopy interval.METHODS: Single-centre, prospective, randomized, investigator-blind stud in an academic tertiarycare centre. Two hundred patients requiring elective colonoscopy were assigned to receive one of the two preparation regimens(split vs morning) prior to colonoscopy. Main outcome measurements were bowel preparation quality and patient tolerability.RESULTS: Split-dose regimen resulted in better bowel preparation compared to morning regimen [Ottawascore mean 5.52(SD 1.23) vs 6.02(1.34); P = 0.017]. On subgroup analysis, for afternoon procedures, both the preparations were equally effective(P = 0.756). There was no difference in tolerability and compliance between the two regimens.CONCLUSION: Overall, previous evening- same morning split-dosing regimen results in better bowel cleansing for colonoscopy compared to morning preparation. For afternoon procedures, both schedules are equally effective; morning preparation may be more convenient to the patient.
