Electric and magnetic dipole couplings in split ring resonator metamaterials

In this paper, the electric and the magnetic dipole couplings between the outer and the inner rings of a single split ring resonator （SRR） are investigated. We numerically demonstrate that the magnetic resonance frequency can be substantially modified by changing the couplings of the electric and magnetic dipoles, and give a theoretical expression of the magnetic resonance frequency. The results in this work are expected to be conducive to a deeper understanding of the SRR and other similar metamaterials, and provide new guidance for complex metamaterials design with a tailored electromagnetic response.

Terahertz Transmission Properties of Split Ring Resonator Arrays

The transmission properties of double-ring split ring resonator(SRR) arrays and closed ring resonator arrays are measured using terahertz(THz) time-domain spectroscopy. This technique allows for the simultaneous measurement of the amplitude and phase of the transmission coefficient as a function of frequency. The ability to directly measure the phase spectrum is expected to be important in characterizing potential negative index media. In the employed experimental geometry, THz pulses are normally incident on the arrays. Thus, the magnetic field lies in the plane of the arrays and cannot contribute to the magnetic resonance of the SRR. However, it is found that the electric field, when appropriately polarized, can couple to the magnetic resonance. Shifts in the resonance properties with changes in the SRR dimensions and the substrate medium are measured, the results of which are consistent with theory.

Analysis of Metamaterial Cloaks Using Circular Split Ring Resonator Structures

A novel microwave cloak using circular split ring resonator(SRR)based metamaterial structure has been proposed in this paper.The cloak which operates at a frequency of 10.6 GHz is composed of cylindrical dielectric sheets printed with circular split ring resonators of spatially varying and anisotropic material properties.The article also focuses on the phenomenon of resonant splitting in circular SRR microwave cloak.A detailed analysis of various linear metamaterial arrays and their response has also been elucidated.

Polarization Insensitivity in Double-Split Ring and Triple-Split Ring Terahertz Resonators

A modified double-split ring resonator and a modified triple-split ring resonator, which offer polarization-insensitive performance, are investigated, designed and fabricated. By displacing the two gaps of the conventional double- split ring resonator away from the center, the second resonant frequency for the 0° polarized wave and the resonant frequency for the 90° polarized wave become increasingly close to each other until they are finally identical. Theoretical and experimental results show that the modified double-split ring resonator and the modified triple-split ring resonator are insensitive to different polarized waves and show strong resonant frequency dips near 433 and 444OHz, respectively. The results of this work suggest new opportunities for the investigation and design of polarization-dependent terahertz devices based on split ring resonators.

Effects of oblique incidence on terahertz responses of planar split-ring resonators

Effects of oblique incidence of terahertz waves on the response of planar split-ring resonators are investigated, both experimentally and by simulation. It is found that the incident angle dependent phase delay and coupling conditions of neighboring split-ring resonator （SRR） units play important roles and greatly change both the transmission and reflection spectra for the resonant feature of linear charge oscillations. Our results show that the SRR structure-supported magne- toelectric couplings at oblique excitation are trivial and can be ignored. A highly symmetric response is found in the cross-polarization effects, which may manifest the bianisotropic properties of the SRR system but this needs further study.

Permittivity Measurement of Low-Loss Substrates Based on Split Ring Resonators

In this paper, we present the complex permittivity measurement of low-loss substrates based on a microstrip-line-excited split-ring resonator (SRR). Permittivity of an unknown substrate is calculated based on the change in oscillation frequency of SRR caused by the material-under-test (MUT) above the SRR. Theoretical analysis and results of the simulations and experiments demonstrate the microstrip-line-excited SRR can be used to effectively improve measurement sensitivity. Simple equations for measurement of low-loss substrates using SRR are proposed and experimentally verified.

Design of Multi-band Small Antenna Based on Single Split-Ring Resonator

To use the single split-ring resonator （SRR） as a basic unit cell for small antenna with multi-band frequency response is proposed. The structure of antenna is consisted of a single spilt-ring resonator and a coupled microstrip line. The designed antenna is numerically optimized with CST Microwave Studio. The radiation properties of the antenna show that there are three frequency bands among which two bands are 1.3 GHz and 2.1 GHz ultra-widehand （UWB）, respectively, where Sll is less than - 10 dB. The gain at every frequency for the multi-hand antenna is above 2.6 dBi, and it increases monotonously with the frequency in the two UWB.

Band-stop optical nanofilters with split-ring resonators based on metal–insulator–metal structure

Novel band-stop filters with circular split-ring resonators based on the metal-insulator-metal （MIM） structure are presented, with their transmission properties of SPPs propagating through the filter simulated by the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method, The variation of the gap of the split ring can affect the transmission characteristics, i.e., the transmission spectrum of SPPs exhibiting a shift, which is useful for modulating the filter. Linear and nonlinear media are used in the resonator respectively. By varying the refractive index of the linear medium, the transmission properties can be changed obviously, and the effect caused by changing the incident intensity with a nonlinear medium is similar. Several resonant modes that are applicable can be enhanced by changing the position of the gap of the split ring. Thus, the transmission properties can be modulated by adjusting the size of the gap, varying the refractive index, and changing the incident intensity of the input light. These methods may play significant roles in applications of optical integrated circuits and nanostructural devices.

Theoretical study on the lasing plasmon of a split ring for label-free detection of single molecules and single nanoparticles

This paper reports the plasmonic lasing of a split ring filled with gain material in water. The lasing mode（1500 nm）is far from the pump mode（980 nm）, which can depress the detection noise from the pump light. The laser intensities of the two modes simultaneously increase by more than 10^3 in amplitude, which can intensify the absorption efficiency of the pumping light and enhance the plasmonic lasing. The plasmonic lasing is a sensitive sensor. When a single protein nanoparticle（n = 1.5, r = 1.25 nm） is trapped in the gap of the split ring, the lasing spectrum moves by 0.031 nm, which is much larger than the detection limit of 10^-5 nm. Moreover, the lasing intensity is also very sensitive to the trapped nanoparticle. It reduces to less than 1/600 when a protein nanoparticle（n = 1.5, r = 1.25 nm） is trapped in the gap.

Expanding the bandwidth of planar MNG materials with co-directional split-ring resonators

An effective approach to expand the bandwidth of negative permeability of small-sized planax materials is proposed. Based on qualitative analysis of equivalent circuit models, the fractional bandwidth of an μ-negative （MNG） material is expanded from 3.53% up to 12.87% by adding split-ring resonators （SRRs） and arranging them by proposed steps. Moreover, the experimental results validate the effectiveness of bandwidth-expanding methods, which is promising for the extensive application of metamaterials in the microwave field.

一种基于CSRR_CRLH TL的带通滤波器设计

提出一种基于探针加载的互补开口谐振环(CSRR)的复合左右手传输线(CRLH TL)结构。利用CSRR+CRLH结构的谐振特性,并通过延长CRLH耦合缝隙的长度以及增加CSRR中短路探针的数量,在引入传输零点的同时缩小了滤波器的尺寸。经过仿真优化,实现了滤波器宽频带、高选择性和小型化设计。加工了基于该结构的带通滤波器样机,样机整体尺寸为30 mm×15 mm×1.35 mm。测试结果表明,滤波器的中心频率及插入损耗分别为6.6 GHz和0.65 dB,3 dB带宽为9.3 GHz,在无线通信、导航等微波系统中具有良好的应用前景。

基于慢波基片集成波导的小型化移相功分器

针对移相器和功分器的功能融合设计,提出了一种基于慢波基片集成波导(Slow-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SW-SIW)的小型化移相功分器,两个输出分支等长带宽,可实现30°相移量.其中一个输出分支通过基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)实现,而另一个输出分支将互补开口谐振环(Complementary SplitRing Resonator,CSRR)加载在上层金属表面,代替传统SIW连续的金属表面,该CSRR由经典CSRR结构演变而来,同时为了降低由CSRR加载所造成的相位上的不稳定,在CSRR内部添加金属化通孔,实现SW-SIW,使得截止频率和相速度降低.测试结果表明,移相功分器在9.0~11.8 GHz频带范围内反射系数|S11|小于-10 d B,相对工作带宽为26.9%,插入损耗小于1.3 d B.两个输出端口的相位差稳定在30°±3°,幅度差小于1.4 d B,实现了等功率分配.所设计的移相功分器具有较小的尺寸和低制造成本,适合应用在相控阵天线中.

一种新型SRR缺陷地面结构低通滤波器

该文提出一种新型开口谐振环(Split-Ring Resonator,SRR)缺陷地面结构(Defected Ground Structure,DGS)。这种结构与传统哑铃形DGS结构相比,具有陡峭的带隙和平坦的低通特性。文中详细分析了开口谐振环DGS单元的等效电路以及结构参数与电参数之间的关系。在此基础上提出一种加载开路枝节的SRR DGS单元模型以提高带外抑制,采用这种单元的级联周期结构设计并制作了一种紧凑的S波段低通滤波器。测试结果表明,该滤波器带内插损小于0.5dB,带外抑制度在30 dB以上。

SRR异向介质特性研究及其在导波结构中的应用

将SRR异向介质引入导波结构。研究表明:含有SRR异向介质的平行平板波导和矩形波导将出现无截止频率传播和单模传输频带增大的横电波和横磁波。而对于含有异向介质的非辐射介质波导和H波导,纵剖面磁(LSM)波型和纵剖面电(LSE)波型的相速度能够减慢,并且会引起功率流动的增强。另外,LSM波型和LSE波型有时会出现传播常数随频率增高而减小的异常高次模式。利用异向介质的双各向异性效应可以有效减少LSM和LSE波型的高次模漏波现象。尤其当异向介质取单负参数时,高次模漏波将可以被完全抑制。

基于CSRR改进的双陷波超宽带天线

针对超宽带系统易受窄带信号干扰的问题,提出了一种基于互补金属开口谐振环(CSRR)改进的双陷波超宽带缝隙天线。在现有文献中,单个CSRR只能实现单陷波功能,要想增加陷波频段,只能通过增加CSRR个数的方法来实现,这就增加了设计的复杂性。通过天线辐射贴片上的表面电流分布图分析了CSRR内外环与两个陷波频段的对应关系。对所设计的超宽带天线进行了制作和测量,实测结果与仿真结果吻合较好,证明了该设计方法的正确性。

基于SRR结构的陷波超宽带天线设计

针对超宽带系统易受窄带信号干扰的问题，设计了一种新颖的基于金属开口谐振环（SRR）结构的平面超宽带陷波天线。在天线的辐射贴片上加载U形缝隙，实现了其陷波特性。利用仿真软件研究了U形缝隙的物理尺寸对其陷波特性的影响，并对所设计的超宽带天线进行了制作和测量。结果表明，所制天线在超宽带系统3．1～10．6GHz工作频段的电压驻波比（VSWR）小于2，在WLAN频段具有良好的陷波特性，有效地抑制了超宽带通信系统与窄带通信系统之间潜在的干扰。

用于测量材料介电常数的高精度微波传感器

提出了一种用于测量材料介电常数的微波传感器,其特点是成本低、测量精度高。在传统的互补裂环结构上进行优化设计,实现了更大范围的测量区域;并加载了金属通孔结构,将电场限制在测量区域内,达到了更好的测量效果。结果显示传感器的测量灵敏度为2.89%。传感器在空载时谐振频率为2GHz;当样品加载到测量区域时,测量区域的电场将发生变化,从而导致频移。选取了介电常数值为1~10的样品进行了模拟加载试验,得到了介电常数与谐振频率的拟合经验关系式,同时采用5种常见的高频板材对拟合公式进行了验证。结果表明:传感器具有很高的测量精度,整体测量误差为0.8%,证实了利用该传感器测量材料介电常数的可行性。

基于CSRR-HMSIW和CSRR-DGS谐振器的双带滤波器研究

为满足滤波器在双频带通信系统中的发展要求,提出了一种基于互补开口谐振环半模基片集成波导(CSRRHMSIW)加载互补开口谐振环缺陷接地(CSRR-DGS)的新型双带滤波器.根据CSRR-HMSIW和CSRR-DGS的传输特性,提出了一种CSRR-HMSIW和CSRR-DGS并联的双谐振结构,实现了一个双通带滤波器.利用精确设计CSRR-HMSIW的结构参数,确定其谐振频点和传输零点,实现以该谐振频点为中心的第一个通带;精确设计CSRR-DGS外边长和对应的开路支线长度、宽度,确定开路支线和CSRR-DGS彼此间的耦合产生谐振频点,实现以该谐振频点为中心的第二个通带,同时该结构引入一个传输零点,进一步加强第二通带高频段的带外抑制特性.设计和制作了一款工作于2.5GHz和5.4GHz的双带滤波器,测试两通带插入损耗小于2.4dB、两通带间的隔离高达55dB和带外抑制达到45dB,测试与模拟仿真结果吻合良好.

基于SIW-CSRR的固体物质介电常数测试件设计

为满足当前固体物质介电常数的检测需求,在基片集成波导(SIW)的基础上加载互补开口谐振环(CSRR),设计了一款固体物质介电常数测试件,讨论了利用测试件谐振频率的偏移检测固体物质介电常数的可行性。仿真与测试结果表明,当检测物质相对介电常数从1变化至10时,测试件谐振频点从7.56 GHz偏移至6.28 GHz,偏移量达1.28 GHz。利用谐振频点与测试样品介电常数的关系,测量了5种常见电路板材的相对介电常数,其相对误差均低于3%。