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Insights on advanced substrates for controllable fabrication of photoanodes toward efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting 被引量:2
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作者 Huilin Hou Gang Shao +2 位作者 Yang Wang Wai‐Yeung Wong Weiyou Yang 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期164-221,共58页
Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental issues.In a typical PEC cell,the construction of p... Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental issues.In a typical PEC cell,the construction of photoanodes is crucial to guarantee the high efficiency and stability of PEC reactions,which fundamentally rely on rationally designed semiconductors(as the active materials)and substrates(as the current collectors).In this review work,we start with a brief introduction of the roles of substrates in the PEC process.Then,we provide a systematic overview of representative strategies for the controlled fabrication of photoanodes on rationally designed substrates,including conductive glass,metal,sapphire,silicon,silicon carbide,and flexible substrates.Finally,some prospects concerning the challenges and research directions in this area are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 hydrogen PHOTOANODE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SUBSTRATES water splitting
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Circulating tumor DNA in liquid biopsy: Current diagnostic limitation 被引量:1
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作者 Shi-Cai Liu 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2024年第15期2175-2178,共4页
With the rapid development of science and technology,cell-free DNA(cfDNA)is rapidly becoming an important biomarker for tumor diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis,and this cfDNA-based liquid biopsy technology has great ... With the rapid development of science and technology,cell-free DNA(cfDNA)is rapidly becoming an important biomarker for tumor diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis,and this cfDNA-based liquid biopsy technology has great potential to become an important part of precision medicine.cfDNA is the total amount of free DNA in the systemic circulation,including DNA fragments derived from tumor cells and all other somatic cells.Tumor cells release fragments of DNA into the bloodstream,and this source of cfDNA is called circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA).cfDNA detection has become a major focus in the field of tumor research in recent years,which provides a new opportunity for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.In this paper,we discuss the limitations of the study on the origin and dynamics analysis of ctDNA,and how to solve these problems in the future.Although the future faces major challenges,it also con-tains great potential. 展开更多
关键词 Cell-free DNA circulating tumor DNA Liquid biopsy Cancer Diagnosis Prognosis
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Atomically dispersed Ni electrocatalyst for superior urea-assisted water splitting 被引量:1
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作者 Fang Luo Shuyuan Pan +3 位作者 Yuhua Xie Chen Li Yingjie Yu Zehui Yang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期1-6,I0002,共7页
Urea oxidation reaction(UOR) has been selected as substitution for oxygen evolution reaction ascribing to its low thermodynamic voltage as well as utilization of nickel as electrocatalyst.Herein,we report the formatio... Urea oxidation reaction(UOR) has been selected as substitution for oxygen evolution reaction ascribing to its low thermodynamic voltage as well as utilization of nickel as electrocatalyst.Herein,we report the formation of nickel single atoms(Ni-SAs) as exceptional bifunctional electrocatalyst toward UOR and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in urea-assisted water splitting.In UOR catalysis,Ni-SAs perform a superior catalytic performance than Ni-NP/NC and Pt/C ascribing to the formation of HOO-Ni-N_(4) structure evidenced by in-situ Raman spectroscopy,corresponding to a boosted mass activity by 175-fold at 1.4 V vs.RHE than Ni-NP/NC.Furthermore,Ni-SAs requires only 450 mV overpotential to obtain HER current density of 500 mA cm^(-2).136 mA cm^(-2) is achieved in urea-assisted water splitting at1.7 V for Ni-SAs,boosted by 5.7 times than Pt/C-IrO_(2) driven water splitting. 展开更多
关键词 Urea oxidation reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction Nickel single atoms Water splitting
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Recent advances in cobalt phosphide-based materials for electrocatalytic water splitting:From catalytic mechanism and synthesis method to optimization design 被引量:1
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作者 Rongrong Deng Mengwei Guo +1 位作者 Chaowu Wang Qibo Zhang 《Nano Materials Science》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期139-173,共35页
Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high... Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial in making electrolyzed water technology commercially viable.Cobalt phosphide(Co-P)has emerged as a catalyst of high potential owing to its high catalytic activity and durability in water splitting.This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the development of Co-P-based materials for use in water splitting.The essential effects of P in enhancing the catalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are first outlined.Then,versatile synthesis techniques for Co-P electrocatalysts are summarized,followed by advanced strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Co-P materials,including heteroatom doping,composite construction,integration with well-conductive sub-strates,and structure control from the viewpoint of experiment.Along with these optimization strategies,the understanding of the inherent mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges in the development of highly active and stable Co-P-based materials are clarified,and pro-spective directions for prompting the wide commercialization of water electrolysis technology are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Co-P electrocatalysts Water splitting Hydrogen production Catalytic mechanism Synthesis technique Optimization design
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Ionic liquid derived electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting 被引量:1
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作者 Tianhao Li Weihua Hu 《Green Energy & Environment》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期604-622,共19页
Hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting is a promising strategy to generate green energy,which requires the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction and... Hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting is a promising strategy to generate green energy,which requires the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction(HER and OER).Ionic liquids(ILs)or poly(ionic liquids)(PILs),containing heteroatoms,metal-based anions,and various structures,have been frequently involved as precursors to prepare electrocatalysts for water splitting.Moreover,ILs/PILs possess high conductivity,wide electrochemical windows,and high thermal and chemical stability,which can be directly applied in the electrocatalysis process with high durability.In this review,we focus on the studies of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts for HER and OER,where ILs/PILs are applied as heteroatom dopants and metal precursors to prepare catalysts or are directly utilized as the electrocatalysts.Due to those attractive properties,IL/PIL-derived electrocatalysts exhibit excellent performance for electrochemical water splitting.All these accomplishments and developments are systematically summarized and thoughtfully discussed.Then,the overall perspectives for the current challenges and future developments of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts are provided. 展开更多
关键词 Ionic liquid Electrochemical water splitting Hydrogen evolution reaction Oxygen evolution reaction
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Variations of shear-wave splitting parameters in the source region of the 2023 Türkiye doublet earthquakes 被引量:1
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作者 Xuelai Cao Lijun Chang 《Earthquake Science》 2024年第2期174-187,共14页
In this study,the shear-wave splitting parameters of local seismic events from the source regions of the 2023 Türkiye MW7.7 and MW7.6 doublet earthquakes(event 1 and event 2,respectively)were measured from June 1... In this study,the shear-wave splitting parameters of local seismic events from the source regions of the 2023 Türkiye MW7.7 and MW7.6 doublet earthquakes(event 1 and event 2,respectively)were measured from June 1,2022,to April 25,2023,and their spatiotemporal characteristics were analyzed.The results revealed clear spatial and temporal differences.Spatially,the dominant fast-wave polarization direction at each station shows a strong correlation with the direction of the maximum horizontal principal compressive stress,as characterized by focal mechanism solutions of seismic events(MW≥3.5)near the station.The dominant fast-wave polarization direction and the regional stress field also showed a strong correlation with the intermovement of the Arabian Plate,African Plate,and Anatolian Block.Along the Nurdagi-Pazarcik fault zone,the seismic fault of event 1,stations closer to the middle of the fault where the mainshock occurred exhibited notably greater delay times than stations located towards the ends of the fault and far from the mainshock.In addition,the stations located to the east of the Nurdagi-Pazarcik fault and to the north of the Sürgüfault also exhibited large delay times.The spatial distribution of shear-wave splitting parameters obtained from each station indicates that the upper-crust anisotropy in the source area is mainly controlled by the regional stress field,which is closely related to the state of the block motion.During the seismogenic process of the MW7.7 earthquake,more stress accumulated in the middle of the Nurdagi-Pazarcik fault than at either end of the fault.Under the influence of the MW7.7 and MW7.6 events,the stress that accumulated during the seismogenic process of the earthquake doublet may have migrated towards some areas outside the aftershock intensive area after the earthquakes,and the crustal stress and its adjustment range near the outer stations increased significantly.With the exception of two stations with few effective events,all stations showed a consistent change in shear-wave splitting parameters over time.In particular,each station showed a decreasing trend in delay times after the doublet earthquakes,reflecting the obvious intensification of crustal stress adjustment in the seismogenic zone after the doublet earthquakes.With the occurrence of the earthquake doublet and a large number of aftershocks,the stress accumulated during the seismogenic process of the doublet earthquakes is gradually released,and then the adjustment range of crustal stress is also gradually reduced. 展开更多
关键词 Türkiye doublet earthquakes shear-wave splitting upper crustal anisotropy stress field
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Acoustic Bilayer Gradient Metasurfaces for Perfect and Asymmetric Beam Splitting
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作者 权家琪 孙宝印 +2 位作者 伏洋洋 高雷 徐亚东 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期39-50,共12页
We experimentally and theoretically present a paradigm for the accurate bilayer design of gradient metasurfaces for wave beam manipulation,producing an extremely asymmetric splitting effect by simply tailoring the int... We experimentally and theoretically present a paradigm for the accurate bilayer design of gradient metasurfaces for wave beam manipulation,producing an extremely asymmetric splitting effect by simply tailoring the interlayer size.This concept arises from anomalous diffraction in phase gradient metasurfaces and the precise combination of the phase gradient in bilayer metasurfaces.Ensured by different diffraction routes in momentum space for incident beams from opposite directions,extremely asymmetric acoustic beam splitting can be generated in a robust way,as demonstrated in experiments through a designed bilayer system.Our work provides a novel approach and feasible platform for designing tunable devices to control wave propagation. 展开更多
关键词 SURFACES splitTING ASYMMETRIC
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How to apply ex-vivo split liver transplantation safely and feasibly: A three-step approach
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作者 Dong Zhao Qiu-Hua Xie +6 位作者 Tai-Shi Fang Kang-Jun Zhang Jian-Xin Tang Xu Yan Xin Jin Lin-Jie Xie Wen-Gui Xie 《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery》 SCIE 2024年第6期1691-1699,共9页
BACKGROUND Given the current organ shortage crisis,split liver transplantation(SLT)has emerged as a promising alternative for select end-stage liver disease patients.AIM To introduce an ex-vivo liver graft splitting a... BACKGROUND Given the current organ shortage crisis,split liver transplantation(SLT)has emerged as a promising alternative for select end-stage liver disease patients.AIM To introduce an ex-vivo liver graft splitting approach and evaluate its safety and feasibility in SLT.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the liver transplantation data from cases performed at our center between April 1,2022,and May 31,2023.The study included 25 SLT cases and 81 whole liver transplantation(WLT)cases.Total ex-vivo liver splitting was employed for SLT graft procurement in three steps.Patient outcomes were determined,including liver function parameters,postoperative complications,and perioperative mortality.Group comparisons for categorical variables were performed using theχ²-test.RESULTS In the study,postoperative complications in the 25 SLT cases included hepatic artery thrombosis(n=1)and pulmonary infections(n=3),with no perioperative mortality.In contrast,among the 81 patients who underwent WLT,complications included perioperative mortality(n=1),postoperative pulmonary infections(n=8),abdominal infection(n=1),hepatic artery thromboses(n=3),portal vein thrombosis(n=1),and intra-abdominal bleeding(n=5).Comparative analysis demonstrated significant differences in alanine aminotransferase(176.0 vs 73.5,P=0.000)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(42.0 vs 29.0,P=0.004)at 1 wk postoperatively,and in total bilirubin(11.8 vs 20.8,P=0.003)and AST(41.5 vs 26.0,P=0.014)at 2 wk postoperatively.However,the overall incidence of complications was comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the total ex-vivo liver graft splitting technique is a safe and feasible approach,especially under the expertise of an experienced transplant center.The approach developed by our center can serve as a valuable reference for other transplantation centers. 展开更多
关键词 split liver transplantation TRANSPLANTATION Liver splitting EX-VIVO IN-SITU
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Defects and morphology engineering for constructing V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S nanotube heterojunction arrays toward efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
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作者 Wenyuan Sun Alan Meng +4 位作者 Lei Wang Guicun Li Jinfeng Cui Yongkai Sun Zhenjiang Li 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期29-40,共12页
The development of highly active,stable and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by defects and morphology engineering remains a great challenge.Herein,S vacancies-rich Ni_(3)S_(2)@Cu_(2)S nan-otube he... The development of highly active,stable and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by defects and morphology engineering remains a great challenge.Herein,S vacancies-rich Ni_(3)S_(2)@Cu_(2)S nan-otube heterojunction arrays were in-situ grown on copper foam(V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF)for efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting.With the merits of nanotube arrays and efficient electronic mod-ulation drived by the OD vacancy defect and 2D heterojunction defect,the resultant V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF electrocatalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 47 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm^(-2) current density,and 263 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at 50 mA cm^(-2) current density,as well as a cell voltage of 1.48 V at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the nanotube heterojunction arrays endows V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF with outstanding stability in long-term catalytic processes,as confirmed by the continuous chronopotentiom-etry tests at current densities of 10 mA cm^(-2) for 100 h. 展开更多
关键词 Nanotubearrays HETEROJUNCTION VACANCY Bifunctional electrocatalyst Overall water splitting
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Uncertainties of ENSO-related Regional Hadley Circulation Anomalies within Eight Reanalysis Datasets
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作者 Yadi LI Xichen LI +3 位作者 Juan FENG Yi ZHOU Wenzhu WANG Yurong HOU 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期115-140,共26页
El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),the leading mode of global interannual variability,usually intensifies the Hadley Circulation(HC),and meanwhile constrains its meridional extension,leading to an equatorward movement... El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),the leading mode of global interannual variability,usually intensifies the Hadley Circulation(HC),and meanwhile constrains its meridional extension,leading to an equatorward movement of the jet system.Previous studies have investigated the response of HC to ENSO events using different reanalysis datasets and evaluated their capability in capturing the main features of ENSO-associated HC anomalies.However,these studies mainly focused on the global HC,represented by a zonal-mean mass stream function(MSF).Comparatively fewer studies have evaluated HC responses from a regional perspective,partly due to the prerequisite of the Stokes MSF,which prevents us from integrating a regional HC.In this study,we adopt a recently developed technique to construct the three-dimensional structure of HC and evaluate the capability of eight state-of-the-art reanalyses in reproducing the regional HC response to ENSO events.Results show that all eight reanalyses reproduce the spatial structure of HC responses well,with an intensified HC around the central-eastern Pacific but weakened circulations around the Indo-Pacific warm pool and tropical Atlantic.The spatial correlation coefficient of the three-dimensional HC anomalies among the different datasets is always larger than 0.93.However,these datasets may not capture the amplitudes of the HC responses well.This uncertainty is especially large for ENSO-associated equatorially asymmetric HC anomalies,with the maximum amplitude in Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR)being about 2.7 times the minimum value in the Twentieth Century Reanalysis(20CR).One should be careful when using reanalysis data to evaluate the intensity of ENSO-associated HC anomalies. 展开更多
关键词 regional Hadley circulation ENSO atmosphere-ocean interaction reanalysis data
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Tuning MXenes Towards Their Use in Photocatalytic Water Splitting
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作者 Diego Ontiveros Sergi Vela +1 位作者 Francesc Viñes Carmen Sousa 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期321-331,共11页
Finding appropriate photocatalysts for solar-driven water(H_(2)O)splitting to generate hydrogen(H_(2))fuel is a challenging task,particularly when guided by conventional trial-and-error experimental methods.Here,densi... Finding appropriate photocatalysts for solar-driven water(H_(2)O)splitting to generate hydrogen(H_(2))fuel is a challenging task,particularly when guided by conventional trial-and-error experimental methods.Here,density functional theory(DFT)is used to explore the MXenes photocatalytic properties,an emerging family of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides and nitrides with chemical formula M_(n+1)X_(n)T_(x),known to be semiconductors when having T_(x)terminations.More than 4,000 MXene structures have been screened,considering different compositional(M,X,T_(x),and n)and structural(stacking and termination position)factors,to find suitable MXenes with a bandgap in the visible region and band edges that align with the water-splitting half-reaction potentials.Results from bandgap analysis show how,in general,MXenes with n=1 and transition metals from group III present the most cases with bandgap and promising sizes,with C-MXenes being superior to N-MXenes.From band alignment calculations of candidate systems with a bandgap larger than 1.23 eV,the minimum required for a water-splitting process,Sc_(2)CT_(2),Y_(2)CT_(2)(T_(x)=Cl,Br,S,and Se)and Y_(2)CI_(2)are highlighted as adequate photocatalysts. 展开更多
关键词 Density Functional Theory MXenes PHOTOCATALYSIS Water splitting
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The component-activity interrelationship of cobalt-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting:Strategies and performance
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作者 Mingjie Sun Riyue Ge +4 位作者 Sean Li Liming Dai Yiran Li Bin Liu Wenxian Li 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期453-474,共22页
Cobalt-based electrocatalysts take advantage of potentially harmonizable microstructure and flexible coupling effects compared to commercial noble metal-based catalytic materials.However,conventional water electrolysi... Cobalt-based electrocatalysts take advantage of potentially harmonizable microstructure and flexible coupling effects compared to commercial noble metal-based catalytic materials.However,conventional water electrolysis systems based on cobalt-based monofunctional hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)or oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts have certain shortcomings in terms of resource utilization and universality.In contrast,cobalt-based bifunctional catalysts(CBCs)have attracted much attention in recent years for overall water splitting systems because of their practicality and reduced preparation cost of electrolyzer.This review aims to address the latest development in CBCs for total hydrolysis.The main modification strategies of CBCs are systematically classified in water electrolysis to provide an overview of how to regulate their morphology and electronic configuration.Then,the catalytic performance of CBCs in total-hydrolysis is summarized according to the types of cobalt-based phosphides,sulfides and oxides,and the mechanism of strengthened electrocatalytic ability is emphasized through combining experiments and theoretical calculations.Future efforts are finally suggested to focus on exploring the dynamic conversion of reaction intermediates and building near-industrial CBCs,designing advanced CBC materials through micro-modulation,and addressing commercial applications. 展开更多
关键词 COBALT Bifunctional electrocatalysis Water splitting Modification strategies Electrocatalytic performances
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Molecular-level proton acceptor boosts oxygen evolution catalysis to enable efficient industrial-scale water splitting
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作者 Yaobin Wang Qian Lu +7 位作者 Xinlei Ge Feng Li Le Chen Zhihui Zhang Zhengping Fu Yalin Lu Yang Song Yunfei Bu 《Green Energy & Environment》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期344-355,共12页
Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy... Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy to produce an efficient OER catalyst that can boost industrial-scale water splitting.Molecular-level phosphate(-PO_(4))group is introduced to modify the surface of PrBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)Co_(2)O_(5)+δ(PBCC).The achieved catalyst(PO_(4)-PBCC)exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance in alkaline media.Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the PO_(4)on the surface,which is regarded as the Lewis base,is the key factor to overcome the kinetic limitation of the proton transfer process during the OER.The use of the catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is further evaluated for industrial-scale water splitting,and it only needs a low voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a large current density of 1 A cm^(-2).This work provides a new molecular-level strategy to develop highly efficient OER electrocatalysts for industrial applications. 展开更多
关键词 Oxygen evolution reaction NANOFIBER Water splitting Proton acceptor PEROVSKITE
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Alternating spin splitting of electronic and magnon bands in two-dimensional altermagnetic materials
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作者 Qian Wang Da-Wei Wu +2 位作者 Guang-Hua Guo Meng-Qiu Long Yun-Peng Wang 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期194-198,共5页
Unconventional antiferromagnetism dubbed as altermagnetism was first discovered in rutile structured magnets,which is featured by spin splitting even without the spin–orbital coupling effect.This interesting phenomen... Unconventional antiferromagnetism dubbed as altermagnetism was first discovered in rutile structured magnets,which is featured by spin splitting even without the spin–orbital coupling effect.This interesting phenomenon has been discovered in more altermagnetic materials.In this work,we explore two-dimensional altermagnetic materials by studying two series of two-dimensional magnets,including MF4 with M covering all 3d and 4d transition metal elements,as well as TS2 with T=V,Cr,Mn,Fe.Through the magnetic symmetry operation of RuF4 and MnS2,it is verified that breaking the time inversion is a necessary condition for spin splitting.Based on symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations,we find that the electronic bands and magnon dispersion experience alternating spin splitting along the same path.This work paves the way for exploring altermagnetism in two-dimensional materials. 展开更多
关键词 two-dimensional altermagnetic materials altermagnetism spin splitting first-principles calculations
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In-situ building of multiscale porous NiFeZn/NiZn-Ni heterojunction for superior overall water splitting
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作者 Ya-xin LI Hong-xiao YANG +4 位作者 Qiu-ping ZHANG Tian-zhen JIAN Wen-qing MA Cai-xia XU Qiu-xia ZHOU 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期2972-2986,共15页
The development of efficient nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is crucial to enhance the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).A sel... The development of efficient nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts for water electrolysis is crucial to enhance the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).A self-supporting,multiscale porous NiFeZn/NiZn-Ni catalyst with a triple interface heterojunction on nickel foam(NF)(NiFeZn/NiZn-Ni/NF)was in-situ fabricated using an electroplating-annealing-etching strategy.The unique multiinterface engineering and three-dimensional porous scaffold significantly modify the mass transport and electron interaction,resulting in superior bifunctional electrocatalytic performance for water splitting.The NiFeZn/NiZn-Ni/NF catalyst demonstrates low overpotentials of 187 m V for HER and 320 mV for OER at a current density of 600 mA/cm^(2),along with high durability over 150 h in alkaline solution.Furthermore,an electrolytic cell assembled with NiFeZn/NiZn-Ni/NF as both the cathode and anode achieves the current densities of 600 and 1000 m A/cm^(2) at cell voltages of 1.796 and 1.901 V,respectively,maintaining the high stability at 50 mA/cm^(2) for over 100 h.These findings highlight the potential of NiFeZn/NiZn-Ni/NF as a cost-effective and highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. 展开更多
关键词 NiFeZn alloy multiple interface porous structure DEALLOYING overall water splitting
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Sparse-view neutron CT 3D image reconstruction algorithm based on split Bregman method
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作者 Teng-Fei Zhu Yang Liu +1 位作者 Zhi Luo Xiao-Ping Ouyang 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期41-55,共15页
As a complement to X-ray computed tomography(CT),neutron tomography has been extensively used in nuclear engineer-ing,materials science,cultural heritage,and industrial applications.Reconstruction of the attenuation m... As a complement to X-ray computed tomography(CT),neutron tomography has been extensively used in nuclear engineer-ing,materials science,cultural heritage,and industrial applications.Reconstruction of the attenuation matrix for neutron tomography with a traditional analytical algorithm requires hundreds of projection views in the range of 0°to 180°and typically takes several hours to complete.Such a low time-resolved resolution degrades the quality of neutron imaging.Decreasing the number of projection acquisitions is an important approach to improve the time resolution of images;however,this requires efficient reconstruction algorithms.Therefore,sparse-view reconstruction algorithms in neutron tomography need to be investigated.In this study,we investigated the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for sparse-view neu-tron CT scans.To enhance the reconstructed image quality of neutron CT,we propose an algorithm that uses OS-SART to reconstruct images and a split Bregman to solve for the total variation(SBTV).A comparative analysis of the performances of each reconstruction algorithm was performed using simulated and actual experimental data.According to the analyzed results,OS-SART-SBTV is superior to the other algorithms in terms of denoising,suppressing artifacts,and preserving detailed structural information of images. 展开更多
关键词 Neutron CT OS-SART Sparse-view 3D reconstruction split Bregman Total variation
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Defect engineering in transition-metal(Fe,Co,andNi)-based electrocatalysts for water splitting
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作者 Kaili Wu Chaojie Lyu +5 位作者 Jiarun Cheng Weifan Ding Jiwen Wu Qian Wang Woon-Ming Lau Jinlong Zheng 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期165-199,共35页
Electrocatalytic water splitting seems to be an efficient strategy to deal with increasingly serious environmental problems and energy crises but still suffers from the lack of stable and efficient electrocatalysts.De... Electrocatalytic water splitting seems to be an efficient strategy to deal with increasingly serious environmental problems and energy crises but still suffers from the lack of stable and efficient electrocatalysts.Designing practical electrocatalysts by introducing defect engineering,such as hybrid structure,surface vacancies,functional modification,and structural distortions,is proven to be a dependable solution for fabricating electrocatalysts with high catalytic activities,robust stability,and good practicability.This review is an overview of some relevant reports about the effects of defect engineering on the electrocatalytic water splitting performance of electrocatalysts.In detail,the types of defects,the preparation and characterization methods,and catalytic performances of electrocatalysts are presented,emphasizing the effects of the introduced defects on the electronic structures of electrocatalysts and the optimization of the intermediates'adsorption energy throughout the review.Finally,the existing challenges and personal perspectives of possible strategies for enhancing the catalytic performances of electrocatalysts are proposed.An in-depth understanding of the effects of defect engineering on the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts will light the way to design high-efficiency electrocatalysts for water splitting and other possible applications. 展开更多
关键词 defect engineering electrocatalytic water splitting element doping interfacial engineering VACANCY
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Defect Engineering and Carbon Supporting to Achieve Ni‑Doped CoP_(3) with High Catalytic Activities for Overall Water Splitting
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作者 Daowei Zha Ruoxing Wang +5 位作者 Shijun Tian Zhong‑Jie Jiang Zejun Xu Chu Qin Xiaoning Tian Zhongqing Jiang 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期569-584,共16页
This work reports the use of defect engineering and carbon supporting to achieve metal-doped phosphides with high activities and stabilities for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OE... This work reports the use of defect engineering and carbon supporting to achieve metal-doped phosphides with high activities and stabilities for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline media.Specifically,the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber-supported Ni-doped CoP_(3) with rich P defects(Pv·)on the carbon cloth(p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC)is synthesized through a plasma-assisted phosphorization method.The p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC is an efficient and stable catalyst for the HER and the OER.It only needs overpotentials of 107 and 306 mV to drive 100 mA cm^(-2) for the HER and the OER,respectively.Its catalytic activities are higher than those of other catalysts reported recently.The high activities of the p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC mainly arise from its peculiar structural features.The density functional theory calculation indicates that the Pv·richness,the Ni doping,and the carbon supporting can optimize the adsorption of the H atoms at the catalyst surface and promote the strong electronic couplings between the carbon nanofiber-supported p-NiCoP with the surface oxide layer formed during the OER process.This gives the p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC with the high activities for the HER and the OER.When used in alkaline water electrolyzers,the p-NiCoP/NCFs@CC shows the superior activity and excellent stability for overall water splitting. 展开更多
关键词 PLASMA ELECTROCATALYSIS Hydrogen evolution reaction Oxygen evolution reaction Water splitting
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Deactivation mechanism for water splitting:Recent advances
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作者 Yansong Jia Yang Li +8 位作者 Qiong Zhang Sohail Yasin Xinyu Zheng Kai Ma Zhengli Hua Jianfeng Shi Chaohua Gu Yuhai Dou Shixue Dou 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期53-82,共30页
Hydrogen(H_(2)) has been regarded as a promising alternative to fossil-fuel energy.Green H_(2) produced via water electrolysis(WE)powered by renewable energy could achieve a zero-carbon footprint.Considerable attentio... Hydrogen(H_(2)) has been regarded as a promising alternative to fossil-fuel energy.Green H_(2) produced via water electrolysis(WE)powered by renewable energy could achieve a zero-carbon footprint.Considerable attention has been focused on developing highly active catalysts to facilitate the reaction kinetics and improve the energy efficiency of WE.However,the stability of the electrocatalysts hampers the commercial viability of WE.Few studies have elucidated the origin of catalyst degradation.In this review,we first discuss the WE mechanism,including anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Then,we provide strategies used to enhance the stability of electrocatalysts.After that,the deactivation mechanisms of the typical commercialized HER and OER catalysts,including Pt,Ni,RuO_(2),and IrO_(2),are summarized.Finally,the influence of fluctuating energy on catalyst degradation is highlighted and in situ characterization methodologies for understanding the dynamic deactivation processes are described. 展开更多
关键词 deactivation mechanism hydrogen evolution in situ characterization oxygen evolution water splitting
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Long-term operation optimization of circulating cooling water systems under fouling conditions
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作者 Jiarui Liang Yong Tian +3 位作者 Shutong Yang Yong Wang Ruiqi Yin Yufei Wang 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期255-267,共13页
Fouling caused by excess metal ions in hard water can negatively impact the performance of the circulating cooling water system(CCWS)by depositing ions on the heat exchanger's surface.Currently,the operation optim... Fouling caused by excess metal ions in hard water can negatively impact the performance of the circulating cooling water system(CCWS)by depositing ions on the heat exchanger's surface.Currently,the operation optimization of CCWS often prioritizes short-term flow velocity optimization for minimizing power consumption,without considering fouling.However,low flow velocity promotes fouling.Therefore,it's crucial to balance fouling and energy/water conservation for optimal CCWS long-term operation.This study proposes a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)model to achieve this goal.The model considers fouling in the pipeline,dynamic concentration cycle,and variable frequency drive to optimize the synergy between heat transfer,pressure drop,and fouling.By optimizing the concentration cycle of the CCWS,water conservation and fouling control can be achieved.The model can obtain the optimal operating parameters for different operation intervals,including the number of pumps,frequency,and valve local resistance coefficient.Sensitivity experiments on cycle and environmental temperature reveal that as the cycle increases,the marginal benefits of energy/water conservation decrease.In periods with minimal impact on fouling rate,energy/water conservation can be achieved by increasing the cycle while maintaining a low fouling rate.Overall,the proposed model has significant energy/water saving effects and can comprehensively optimize the CCWS through its incorporation of fouling and cycle optimization. 展开更多
关键词 Computer simulation circulating water system FOULING Concentration cycle OPTIMIZATION Variable frequency drive
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