Aiming at the deformation control problem of the tunnel entrance crossing the spoil heap at the Xialao junction,this paper adopts the micropile combined with the coupling beams method to treat the spoiled layers.The r...Aiming at the deformation control problem of the tunnel entrance crossing the spoil heap at the Xialao junction,this paper adopts the micropile combined with the coupling beams method to treat the spoiled layers.The results show that the excavation of the tunnel after the construction of the micropile and coupling beam will cause vertical deformation of the tunnel and the slope surface.The main reason is that the soil layer structure is loose,and the tunnel excavation causes the whole displacement of the loose body.In addition,the buried depth of the tunnel is shallow,so it cannot form an effective soil arch.The stability process after the construction of the micropile method is the process of stress redistribution,and the rock and soil are gradually compressed and compacted.That is,the construction by the micropile method changes the surrounding rock level of the tunnel and reduces the height of the soil arch.Therefore,it is suggested that the tunnel excavation should be carried out when the micropile is constructed after the soil layers are consolidated completely.The micropile method treats the loose spoiled soil at the tunnel entrance,which saves 73%of the total cost compared with the scheme of directly digging out the accumulation,and the economic benefit is very obvious.展开更多
为建立适用于我国不同区域生产建设项目工程堆积体土壤侵蚀预测模型,在通用土壤侵蚀模型(universal soil loss equation,USLE)框架下,室内概化模拟不同土壤质地、坡度坡长、砾石质量分数等工况下的工程堆积体,通过大量人工模拟降雨试验...为建立适用于我国不同区域生产建设项目工程堆积体土壤侵蚀预测模型,在通用土壤侵蚀模型(universal soil loss equation,USLE)框架下,室内概化模拟不同土壤质地、坡度坡长、砾石质量分数等工况下的工程堆积体,通过大量人工模拟降雨试验,修订模型各因子,构建工程堆积体土壤侵蚀量预测模型,并对其进行验证。研究明确工程堆积体标准小区及各因子定义及计算方法,提出采用土石质因子代替传统的土壤可蚀性因子以便更加符合工程堆积体实际,构建以幂函数计算的坡度、坡长因子,与砾石质量分数的指数函数计算的土石质因子和降雨侵蚀力因子相乘的工程堆积体侵蚀量预测模型。经率定与验证,模型预测效果良好(R2>0.8),且能适用于不同区域及工况下工程堆积体边坡土壤流失量预测,该模型参数少且易获取并具有物理意义,现场操作性和实用性强。研究成果为生产建设项目水土保持工作及水行政主管部门的监督执法提供技术指导及科学依据,具有较大的科学意义与指导生产实践价值。展开更多
阜新地区地处华北地台,富含煤和金矿床.呈东西向分布的太古宙和元古宙变质地层在华力西期、印支期和燕山期的变形和岩浆活动中发生隆起.金矿赋存于隆起的前寒武纪变质岩石中.成煤期为晚石炭—早二叠纪、早中侏罗纪、晚侏罗—早白垩纪....阜新地区地处华北地台,富含煤和金矿床.呈东西向分布的太古宙和元古宙变质地层在华力西期、印支期和燕山期的变形和岩浆活动中发生隆起.金矿赋存于隆起的前寒武纪变质岩石中.成煤期为晚石炭—早二叠纪、早中侏罗纪、晚侏罗—早白垩纪.阜新煤矿和排山楼金矿是辽宁省的主要煤、金产地.由于开采物中的有用物质只占很小的比例,因此提取有用物质的方式不可避免地要破坏当地的环境.矿山开采的每一步骤都对环境产生着负面影响.应用遥感资料进行矿山管理,是采用基于地表物体光谱反射的可视近红外(V N IR )遥感和短波红外(SW IR )遥感,以及基于物体热发光的热红外(TIR )遥感,利用不同的地表光谱反射,将相似的物体区分、分类、填图,并进行土地资源分析.野外工作包括在阜新煤矿和排山楼金矿确定岩石蚀变类型,采集标本,构造测量,对矿山环境进行数码拍照.陆地卫星M SS、TM 和E TM +数据是分析研究的基础.应用E R D A S IM A G IN G 软件处理卫星数据.并用E R D A S M apSheets 和V iew Finder 软件划图.应用各种图像处理技术进行图像增强和物体分辨.从卫星图像上直接测量排山楼金矿和阜新煤矿露天采场的多边形周长和面积.从卫星图像上可以看出,阜新煤矿从1980年到2000年环境的恶化.矿山开采产生的废矿堆不仅对矿区造?展开更多
Lipovtsy coal field mine №4 processed north-western reserves of Lipovtsy field in Primorski Krai (Russia). In 1997, the mine was declared unprofitable and was abandoned by natural flooding with no arrangement of mine...Lipovtsy coal field mine №4 processed north-western reserves of Lipovtsy field in Primorski Krai (Russia). In 1997, the mine was declared unprofitable and was abandoned by natural flooding with no arrangement of mine water discharge and in 2005 it was fully flooded. The main sources of pollution in the studied area are spoil heaps (mine wastes), underspoil filtering waters and mine waters which are being discharged on the surface after finishing of “hydraulic funnel” artificial support. The study of technogenic landscape of abandoned mine industrial area showed that its morphologic form is dominated by spoil heaps. Soils located near mine waste body differ from benchmark soils by chemical properties and size distribution. The influence of active hydrochemical mine and drainage water flows is the reason of the above-mentioned variation in soil properties. Results showed that, there exist a high correlation ratios between chemical composition of mine waters and water extracts from soil: Between the alkalinity of mine waters and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = 0.73), between mine water iron content and pH of soil water extract (r = −0.56), between the solid residue of mine waters and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = 0.72), between the mine waters calcium content and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = −0.75), between the alkalinity of mine waters and silicon dioxide content of soil water extracts (r = 0.61), between the mineralization of mine waters and chrome content of soil water extracts (r = 0.73).展开更多
Most ground filtering algorithms are primarily designed for airborne LiDAR point cloud processing and their successful use in identifying ground points from photogrammetric point clouds remains questionable.We compare...Most ground filtering algorithms are primarily designed for airborne LiDAR point cloud processing and their successful use in identifying ground points from photogrammetric point clouds remains questionable.We compared six ground filtering algorithms implemented in Metashape,ArcGIS,CloudCompare,LAStools,and PDAL.We used UAV photogrammetry-based(acquired under leaf-off conditions)and airborne LiDAR(leaf-on)point clouds of the same area to:(i)compare accuracy of generated DTMs;(ii)evaluate the effect of vegetation density and terrain slope on filtering accuracy;and(iii)assess which algorithm parameters have the greatest effect on the filtering accuracy.Our results show that the performance of filtering algorithms was affected by the point cloud type,terrain slope and vegetation cover.The results were generally better for LiDAR(RMSE 0.13–0.19 m)than for photogrammetric(RMSE 0.19–0.23 m)point clouds.The behavior in varying vegetation and terrain conditions was consistent for LiDAR point clouds.However,when applied on photogrammetric point clouds,the algorithms’behavior was inconsistent,especially in areas of steep slope(except for the Progressive Triangulated Irregular Network in LAStools).Parameters related to the selection of the initial minimum elevation ground points were the most influential in all algorithms and point clouds.展开更多
基金support from the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China(Grant no.2021-ZD1-014)Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi(Grant no.2021AB22117).
文摘Aiming at the deformation control problem of the tunnel entrance crossing the spoil heap at the Xialao junction,this paper adopts the micropile combined with the coupling beams method to treat the spoiled layers.The results show that the excavation of the tunnel after the construction of the micropile and coupling beam will cause vertical deformation of the tunnel and the slope surface.The main reason is that the soil layer structure is loose,and the tunnel excavation causes the whole displacement of the loose body.In addition,the buried depth of the tunnel is shallow,so it cannot form an effective soil arch.The stability process after the construction of the micropile method is the process of stress redistribution,and the rock and soil are gradually compressed and compacted.That is,the construction by the micropile method changes the surrounding rock level of the tunnel and reduces the height of the soil arch.Therefore,it is suggested that the tunnel excavation should be carried out when the micropile is constructed after the soil layers are consolidated completely.The micropile method treats the loose spoiled soil at the tunnel entrance,which saves 73%of the total cost compared with the scheme of directly digging out the accumulation,and the economic benefit is very obvious.
文摘为建立适用于我国不同区域生产建设项目工程堆积体土壤侵蚀预测模型,在通用土壤侵蚀模型(universal soil loss equation,USLE)框架下,室内概化模拟不同土壤质地、坡度坡长、砾石质量分数等工况下的工程堆积体,通过大量人工模拟降雨试验,修订模型各因子,构建工程堆积体土壤侵蚀量预测模型,并对其进行验证。研究明确工程堆积体标准小区及各因子定义及计算方法,提出采用土石质因子代替传统的土壤可蚀性因子以便更加符合工程堆积体实际,构建以幂函数计算的坡度、坡长因子,与砾石质量分数的指数函数计算的土石质因子和降雨侵蚀力因子相乘的工程堆积体侵蚀量预测模型。经率定与验证,模型预测效果良好(R2>0.8),且能适用于不同区域及工况下工程堆积体边坡土壤流失量预测,该模型参数少且易获取并具有物理意义,现场操作性和实用性强。研究成果为生产建设项目水土保持工作及水行政主管部门的监督执法提供技术指导及科学依据,具有较大的科学意义与指导生产实践价值。
基金This study was supported by the China Scholarship C ouncil (G rant N o.160),N ational N ature Science Foundation of C hina (G rant N o.400722006)and the K ey Task Project of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (G rant N o.2001230
文摘阜新地区地处华北地台,富含煤和金矿床.呈东西向分布的太古宙和元古宙变质地层在华力西期、印支期和燕山期的变形和岩浆活动中发生隆起.金矿赋存于隆起的前寒武纪变质岩石中.成煤期为晚石炭—早二叠纪、早中侏罗纪、晚侏罗—早白垩纪.阜新煤矿和排山楼金矿是辽宁省的主要煤、金产地.由于开采物中的有用物质只占很小的比例,因此提取有用物质的方式不可避免地要破坏当地的环境.矿山开采的每一步骤都对环境产生着负面影响.应用遥感资料进行矿山管理,是采用基于地表物体光谱反射的可视近红外(V N IR )遥感和短波红外(SW IR )遥感,以及基于物体热发光的热红外(TIR )遥感,利用不同的地表光谱反射,将相似的物体区分、分类、填图,并进行土地资源分析.野外工作包括在阜新煤矿和排山楼金矿确定岩石蚀变类型,采集标本,构造测量,对矿山环境进行数码拍照.陆地卫星M SS、TM 和E TM +数据是分析研究的基础.应用E R D A S IM A G IN G 软件处理卫星数据.并用E R D A S M apSheets 和V iew Finder 软件划图.应用各种图像处理技术进行图像增强和物体分辨.从卫星图像上直接测量排山楼金矿和阜新煤矿露天采场的多边形周长和面积.从卫星图像上可以看出,阜新煤矿从1980年到2000年环境的恶化.矿山开采产生的废矿堆不仅对矿区造?
文摘Lipovtsy coal field mine №4 processed north-western reserves of Lipovtsy field in Primorski Krai (Russia). In 1997, the mine was declared unprofitable and was abandoned by natural flooding with no arrangement of mine water discharge and in 2005 it was fully flooded. The main sources of pollution in the studied area are spoil heaps (mine wastes), underspoil filtering waters and mine waters which are being discharged on the surface after finishing of “hydraulic funnel” artificial support. The study of technogenic landscape of abandoned mine industrial area showed that its morphologic form is dominated by spoil heaps. Soils located near mine waste body differ from benchmark soils by chemical properties and size distribution. The influence of active hydrochemical mine and drainage water flows is the reason of the above-mentioned variation in soil properties. Results showed that, there exist a high correlation ratios between chemical composition of mine waters and water extracts from soil: Between the alkalinity of mine waters and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = 0.73), between mine water iron content and pH of soil water extract (r = −0.56), between the solid residue of mine waters and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = 0.72), between the mine waters calcium content and electrical conductivity of soil water extracts (r = −0.75), between the alkalinity of mine waters and silicon dioxide content of soil water extracts (r = 0.61), between the mineralization of mine waters and chrome content of soil water extracts (r = 0.73).
基金funded by the Czech Science Foundation[grant number 17-17156Y]supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Technical University in Prague‘Optimization of acquisition and processing of 3D data for purpose of engineering surveying,geodesy in underground spaces and 3D scanning,SGS 2020’.
文摘Most ground filtering algorithms are primarily designed for airborne LiDAR point cloud processing and their successful use in identifying ground points from photogrammetric point clouds remains questionable.We compared six ground filtering algorithms implemented in Metashape,ArcGIS,CloudCompare,LAStools,and PDAL.We used UAV photogrammetry-based(acquired under leaf-off conditions)and airborne LiDAR(leaf-on)point clouds of the same area to:(i)compare accuracy of generated DTMs;(ii)evaluate the effect of vegetation density and terrain slope on filtering accuracy;and(iii)assess which algorithm parameters have the greatest effect on the filtering accuracy.Our results show that the performance of filtering algorithms was affected by the point cloud type,terrain slope and vegetation cover.The results were generally better for LiDAR(RMSE 0.13–0.19 m)than for photogrammetric(RMSE 0.19–0.23 m)point clouds.The behavior in varying vegetation and terrain conditions was consistent for LiDAR point clouds.However,when applied on photogrammetric point clouds,the algorithms’behavior was inconsistent,especially in areas of steep slope(except for the Progressive Triangulated Irregular Network in LAStools).Parameters related to the selection of the initial minimum elevation ground points were the most influential in all algorithms and point clouds.
