Sporopollen Assemblages from the Cretaceous Yimin Formation of the Hailar Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

Three sporopollen assemblages are recognized for the first time from the Cretaceous Yimin Formation in the Hailar Basin of eastern Inner Mongolia. They are （in ascending order）： the lmpardecispora-Aequitriradites- Clawttipollenites assemblage; the Triporoletes-Pilosisporites-Asteropollis assemblage; and the Appendicisporites- Asteropollis-Tricolpites assemblage, distributed in Members 1, 2 and 3 of the Yimin Formation respectively. Recognition of this biostratigraphic sequence is very important for the division and correlation of the Yimin Formation in the basin. Meanwhile, the age of the Yimin Formation is considered to be Barremian to Early Albian based on the palynological data.

The characteristic and evolution of coal-forming swamp in Hanshuiquan district,Santanghu Coalfield, Xinjiang,NW China,during the Middle Jurassic: evidence from coal petrography,coal facies and sporopollen

Santanghu Coalfield is the largest integrated coalfield exploration area in China. The major coal seams developing in Xishanyao Formation (Middle Jurassic) are the high-quality steam coals characterized by large thickness, favorable horizontal continuity and high coal quality. In this paper, twenty-two samples were collected from the three typical boreholes in Hanshuiquan disirict, representing the 11 coal seam sequences (7#,8#,9#,13#, 14#,15#,17#,18#,19#,20#,22#), respectively. The petrographic characteristics of the coal-bearing sequence in Xishanyao Formation were firstly summarized systematicly, and then the coal-forming swamp characteristics and succession mechanism of the coal seam in Xishanyao Formation were defined by analyzing the samples. The maceral composition, structure, geochemical and geophysical characteristics of coal are in eluded in original genetic criteria of coal-forming swamp an alysis. And the composition of coal petrography, maceral and microlithotype are the most frequently used parameters. Coal is composed of microscopic constituents and inorganic substances. The Xishanyao Formation maceral mainly consists of vitrinite (65.74%-97.01 %), inert i nite (1.93%-34%), and the exinite shows the mode of regular change. The coal-forming swamp in Xishanyao Formation possesses the characteristics of mainly marsh, wet forest swamp facies, and shallow water covered forest swamp facies, and a few of coal seams distribute in the deep water covered forest swamp facies. In addition, the sporopollens in Xishanyao Formation are mainly Pinaceae evergreen broad leaf and needle-leaved plants. Osmundaceae, Cyatheaceae and Lygodiaceae, indicating that the warm and humid tropic-subtropical climate conductive to the persistent growth of coal-forming plants in the Middle Jurassic. The coal-forming swamp shows the characteristics of vertically upward fluctuation through the periodic transition. It indicates a shallow-deep-shallow change process of the water covered depth in the swamp. This is the prin ci pal factor for the formation of the high-quality and continuous coal seam in Hanshuiquan district, Santanghu Coalfield.

GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANT OF SPOROPOLLEN ASSEMBLAGE IN THE XUESHAN FORMATION

The Xueshan Formation is a set of red coarse clastic deposit of land facies consisting mainly of lithic sandstone, pebbled sandstone, conglomerate, intercalated with siltstone and mudstone. It is distributed in the eastern part of north Qiangtang Basin, and overlies conformably the Suowa Formation bearing marine fossils. It is very difficult to find valuable fossils from the Xueshan Formation excepting rare bivalve fragments and prints.We collected a few spore and pollen samples from the middle part of the Xueshan Formation in Tuonamulematianbao section, Shuanghu, in 1997, when we made geological survey for petroleum and nature gas. Some fossils of spore and pollen were obtained from these samples. They are: Cyathidites minor, Toroisporis sp .., Todisporites minor, Lygodiumsporites subsimplex, Cicatricosisporites ludbrooki, C. sp ., Psophosphaera sp ., Chasmatosporites minor, Classopollis annulatus, C. clssoiddes, C. minor, Cerebrropollenites carlylensis, Callialasporites dampieri, Quadraeculina anellaeformis, Pseudopicea variabiliformis.

Reconstruction Paleoclimate Dased on Sporopollen Record of Re'nacuo Lake,Tibet

The sedimentary sequences since 33 ka B.P. to 10 ka B.P. have been established in the Re＇nacuo-Lake, Gaize area of north Tibet, through a study of a lacustrine section. The climate since 33 ka B.P. to 10 ka B.P. may be divided into two cycle include 5 dry phases and 5 moist phases from reconstructing the paleoclimate through a study of sporopollen analysis. It mainly reflects the general regularity of global climatic change through contrasting with the pale environment in northern hemisphere. Our pollen record reveals a regional climate history similar to those from the neighboring sites, including the GISP2, the Guliya ice core and core RM in Zoige, and thus supports the notion that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau acts as an important link between climatic events in the North Atlantic realm and the Asian monsoon domain. The response of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the global climatic change is relatively sensitive.

Quaternary Sporopollen Records and Environmental Evolution in the Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin

Since the Quaternary,very thick lacustrine sediments have been deposited in Dalangtan of Qaidam Basin.Based on a study of high-resolution sporopollen analysis on the Dalangtan ZK06 drilling,and paleomagnetic dating

张掖盆地晚更新世至中全新世气候变化:孢粉学和重矿物学证据

为确定张掖盆地晚第四纪沉积地层时代和探讨其蕴含的古气候信息,笔者利用孢粉分析、重矿物分析、光释光测年等方法对研究区晚更新世以来气候变化特征进行了重建,并确认了当地全新世和晚更新世地层界限。结果表明:地层自下而上划分为4个孢粉组合带和植被类型及气候特征:①深度为56.8~26.4 m,年龄为112.7~63.3 ka,属末次间冰期,粉组合为松–板栗–藜–菊–蒿,针阔叶混交林草原植被,为晚更新世温暖较湿润气候。②深度为26.4~2.6 m,年龄为63.3~11.8 ka,与末次冰期相当,孢粉组合为松–麻黄–藜–蒿,植被类型为针阔叶混交林草原植被,为晚更新世干燥寒冷气候。③深度为2.6~0.8 m,年龄为11.8~8.9 ka,全新世早期,孢粉组合为松–藜–蒿,稀树针阔叶混交林草原植被,较凉较干气候。④深度为0.8~0.15 m,年龄为8.9~7.8 ka,全新世早期向中期过渡期,孢粉组合为松–藜–菊–蒿,稀树针阔叶混交林草原植被,为温暖较干气候。孢粉组合所揭示的晚更新世—中全新世气候变化特征,对于揭示张掖盆地甚至西北干旱区的古气候变化具有重要意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地盐池地区延安组孢粉组合的发现及其古气候意义

为恢复鄂尔多斯盆地盐池地区早—中侏罗世古气候,重建古环境,对宁东2井进行孢粉分析和黏土矿物测试,建立孢粉组合、孢粉谱。延安组下部为Inaperturopollenites-Psophosphaera-Protopinus组合,地质年代为早侏罗世托阿尔期晚期;延安组上部为Cyathidites-Deltoidospora-Cycadopites组合,地质年代为中侏罗世早期,下/中侏罗统界线位于钻孔2144.5~2153.0 m之间。据孢粉谱建立的古气候和古植被得出,早侏罗世托阿尔期晚期为暖温带半湿润型气候,植被类型为针叶林,中侏罗世早期总体为亚热带湿润型,植被面貌有早期的针阔叶混交林-草丛型向晚期的针叶林-稀草型转变。两组合总体上反映的早侏罗世托阿尔期晚期至中侏罗世早期湿度由半湿润向湿润转变,温度由低向高转变,孢粉谱所指示的气候变化趋势与黏土矿物指标所反映的气候变化趋势一致。气候的转变对该地区聚煤作用有着明显的促进作用。

缅甸英雄岛始新世孢粉组合及其古环境意义

为配合中缅合作的M区块油气勘探,确定该区块英雄岛含油气地层时代与沉积环境,对缅甸英雄岛R-3井2562~2844 m井段10个烃源岩样品进行了孢粉实验分析。通过观察,在每个样品中均发现了较丰富的孢粉化石,共鉴定出85属135种或未定种。该井段的孢粉化石以Momipites和Quercoidites含量丰富,始新世常见分子Sabalpolllenites areolatus断续出现,并见有特征分子Schizaeoisporites eocenicus为主要特征,根据孢粉特征分子和优势属种的分布规律,命名为Schizaeoisporites eocenicus-Quercoidites-Momipites-Sabalpollenites areolatus组合;对比相同井段有孔虫和钙质超微化石的分布时代,推测当前的孢粉组合时代为中晚始新世。依据孢粉组合面貌,对照我国油气区古近纪—新近纪孢粉序列的数据统计结果,系统研究后所建立的划分孢粉植物类型、气温带和干湿度带的3个模式,并结合本钻井其他孢型化石分布特征,认为研究区中晚始新世地层为近海陆地环境,北亚热带、暖温带湿润型古气候沉积。

海洋沉积证据在低纬过程气候变化中的应用及展望

在国内外研究的基础上,对印太暖池区的沃克环流和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)、热带辐合带(ITCZ)等低纬过程的空间分布和随时间的变化规律及其研究方法进行初步归纳,并指出研究中存在的问题。本文论述了厄尔尼诺-南方涛动变率在全新世早期及中世纪气候异常期(1 000~700 a BP)的晚期逐渐增强,介绍了热带辐合带在BA暖期(B?llingAller?d Warm Period)和前北方期(pre-Boreal,10.3~9.5 ka BP)的北移,以及在新仙女木事件(Younger Dryas Event,12.5~11.5 ka BP)和北大西洋冷期(距今7.5~5 ka BP)期间的南移。对低纬过程长时间尺度轨道周期的探讨表明,末次冰盛期赤道东太平洋出现了较偏南的热带辐合带锋面系统,甚至在1.65 Ma冰期,热带辐合带也有快速南移的证据。海洋沉积的粒度、黏土矿物、陆源粉尘、元素和同位素、有孔虫分析等研究方法在推测厄尔尼诺-南方涛动和热带辐合带位移中有很好的应用,建议以陆源生态系统对气候的响应为切入点、以孢粉为手段来探讨陆源植被、气候、火灾和海-陆大气环流等低纬过程的变化特征,进而反演沃克环流(或厄尔尼诺-南方涛动)演化和热带辐合带位移的影响。

A 1.5 Ma sporopollen record of paleoecologic environment evolution in the central Chinese Loess Plateau

A 1.5 Ma sporopollen record was obtained from a continuous loess-paleosol sequence at Chaona in the central Chinese Loess Plateau. It shows that (1) arid herbs of largely Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae and arbors of mainly Pinus, Betula and Quercus dominate loess and paleosol, respectively, reflecting cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid conditions of glaciation and interglaciation; (2) that similar vegetation pattern and cold-dry condition were found in times of unusual thick and coarse loesses L9 and L15, which have been regarded as two extremely cold and dry times as indicated by inorganic climatic proxies; and (3) that shifts of vegetations from earlier forest-steppe to open-forest and steppe and then to steppe were found at 0.95 and 0.5 Ma,implying a stepwise of drying of the Loess Plateau in the Quaternary.

Sporopollen analysis of Core B10 in the southern Yellow Sea and the reflected characteristics of climate changes

Eight sporopollen zones have been divided based on the results of high-resolution sporopollen analysis of Core B10 in the southern Yellow Sea. Based on the results along with ^14C datings and the subbottom profiling data,climatic and environmental changes since the last stage of late Pleistocene are discussed. The main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the vegetation evolved in the process of coniferous forest-grassland containing broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest→coniferons and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by coniferous trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland containing evergreen broad-leaved trees→coniferons and broad-leaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by broadleaved trees→deciduous broad-leaved forest-meadow containing evergreen broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest-grassland prevailed by broad-leaved trees→coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest containing evergreen broad-leaved trees; (2) eight stages of climate changes are identified as the cold and dry stage, the temperate and wet stage, the cold and dry stage, the warm and dry stage, the temperate and wet stage, the hot and dry stage, the temperate and dry stage, then the warm and dry stage in turn; (3) the sedimentary environment developed from land,to littoral zone, to land again, then to shore-neritic zone; and (4) the Yellow Sea Warm Current formed during early-Holocene rather than Atlantic stage.

Environmental indicators from comparison of sporopollen in early Pleistocene lacustrine sediments from different climatic zones

Two lacustrine sporopollen records obtained from the Qaidam Basin (in the non-monsoonal region) and the Linxia Basin (in the monsoonal transition zone) indicate that during the early Pleistocene open forest-steppe/steppe vegetation developed in the Qaidam Basin, while in the Linxia Basin an open cypress forest-steppe shifted to a conifer/conifer-steppe and then to open forest-steppe vegetation. Existing sporopollen records from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) (in the monsoonal region) indicate that around the Sanmen Paleolake open forest-steppe shifted to pine/conifer-broadleaved mixed forest. The conifer cover then changed to a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest distributed around the Nihewan Paleolake. These changes suggest that wetter conditions progressed from western China to the east, and the climate became more humid than that of today indicating a stronger Asian summer monsoon during the early Pleistocene.

准噶尔盆地北缘黄花沟地区砂岩型铀矿目的层时代、古气候及铀矿化关系

准噶尔盆地北缘黄花沟地区地表和深部钻探都发现有较好的砂岩型铀矿化显示,但是其含矿目的层的层位归属仍存在争议。文章在含矿目的层的岩石地层对比的基础上,通过系统采集、分析孢粉样品,研究目的层孢粉组合特征、地质时代及古环境。结果认为,黄花沟地区含矿目的层的时代为早白垩世早期,具有“双束松粉Pinuspollenites-克拉梭粉Classopollis-周壁粉Perinopollenites”的孢粉组合特征,岩石地层单元属于下白垩统吐谷鲁群。吐谷鲁群沉积期,研究区为亚热带半湿润的古气候;白垩系古气候具有由湿润向干旱转变的特征,所形成红杂色(灰色)碎屑岩建造,应是下一步找矿重点。

鄂尔多斯东北部中侏罗世孢粉化石及古气候意义

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部内蒙古伊金霍洛旗乌兰木伦地区是我国重要的能源矿产地,含煤岩系赋存在侏罗系延安组中,延安组岩石组合以灰白色砂岩、灰色粉砂岩、灰色泥岩为主,夹多层煤层;延安组上覆直罗组以灰色、灰绿色砂岩、灰色粉砂岩、紫红色泥岩为主。通过对乌兰木伦地区武家塔露天煤矿剖面延安组和直罗组孢粉化石分析,在延安组中识别出Cyathidites-Lycopodiumsporites-Neoraistrickia-Cycadopites孢粉组合带,以桫椤科、石松科孢子繁盛,紫萁科孢子和单沟/原始沟类、松柏类两气囊花粉发育,卷柏科孢子及柏科花粉较常见为主要特征,时代为中侏罗世早期(阿林期—巴柔期)。根据延安组孢粉母体植物的生态环境分析,本区在这一沉积时期的气候属于温暖湿润的亚热带—温带型气候。直罗组孢粉化石较少,主要见Cyathidites minor,Osmundacidites parvus,Concentrisporites fragilis,Cycadopites spp.等。综合地层岩性、孢粉组合及古植被分析,延安组到直罗组沉积时期总体上呈现从温暖湿润的亚热带—温带型向半干旱—干旱炎热型的气候变化过程。

克拉玛依油田424井2140~3551.63 m井段层序、年代学新证及“盆−山”地层对比

井中地层层序的建立和时代确定,是岩石地层单位划分与对比的关键证据,对正确确立储层意义重大。新疆克拉玛依油田424井上部2140~3178 m井段以海相陆源碎屑岩为主,在井深3176.94~3178.44 m深灰色粉砂岩与灰黑色细砂岩互层中获得了匙叶粉Noeggerathiops−idozonotriletes等孢粉化石,指示其时代属晚石炭世早—中期(Bashkirian−Moscovian)的可能性最大;下部井段3178~3551.63 m以火山角砾岩间夹熔岩为主,在3340.50~3343.50 m杏仁状玄武安山岩获得306 Ma的LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Pb年龄;确认上部陆源碎屑岩与下部火山角砾岩二者为整合接触,二分性特征明显。据此,确认上部层位与424井之北哈拉阿拉特山区阿腊德依克赛组建组剖面下段总体可对比;下部层位与424井之北哈拉阿拉特组上部层位可对比。这一成果细分了424井中岩石地层单位,弥补了这2组在山区原建组剖面“原始接触关系不清,新老关系不明”之不足。

内蒙古大兴安岭地区下白垩统龙江组孢粉组合及其地质意义

本文系统报道了内蒙古呼伦贝尔市莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗鸽子山化石点下白垩统龙江组孢粉化石,共鉴定49属70种。孢粉组合中,裸子植物花粉占主要地位,主要为气囊分化不完善的“古老型”花粉,南洋杉科、松科、罗汉松科和苏铁类花粉占有一定比例;蕨类植物孢子占次要地位,主要为桫椤科孢子,石松科、海金沙科、卷柏科孢子有一定含量;被子植物花粉少量出现。依据组合面貌,将其命名为Cyathidites-Taxodiaceaepollenites-Tricolpopollenites组合。根据特征分子推断,该孢粉组合所指示的地质时代为早白垩世Aptian-Albian期。孢粉母体植物生态习性反映鸽子山地区早白垩世晚期的气候以温暖、湿润为主,并可能伴有季节性干旱。

宁夏六盘山地区马东山组孢粉组合特征及其对恐龙生活古气候的指示意义

宁夏六盘山地区早白垩世马东山组河湖相沉积物表面保存有完整的恐龙足迹化石,赋存其中的孢粉是研究恐龙生活时代古气候信息的良好载体。对六盘山地区隆德县前庄村白垩系马东山组蜥脚类恐龙足迹化石赋存剖面进行了系统的孢粉研究,共鉴定出孢粉类型41属63种。剖面自下而上分为Bisaccates-Jiaohepollis、Classopollis-Jiaohepollis-Cicatricosisporites、Cicatricosisporites-Foraminisporis等3个孢粉组合带。孢粉组合特征反映的地质时代为早白垩世Aptian期-Albian期,恐龙足迹化石的建群植被经历了松柏类向掌鳞杉科,再向蕨类植物的转变,进一步研究认为该地区恐龙生活时代古气候经历了亚热带半湿润气候→亚热带温暖半干旱气候→亚热带湿润气候的变化。这与前人对六盘山地区白垩系马东山组沉积古气候环境的研究结论相一致。

柴达木盆地鄂探1井地区孢粉组合与地层对比

鄂探1井是柴达木盆地近年来新钻的一口油气探井,通过其孢粉古生物的分析、鉴定,见到了丰富的孢粉化石,建立了Cyathidites-Disacciatrileti组合。从生物地层对比、结合岩电性地层对比和区域地层对比几个方面综合研究,对鄂探1井地区整体地层建立了2个孢粉组合:Disacciatrileti-Quadraeculina组合和CyathiditesDisacciatrileti-Classopollis组合,认为该区侏罗系地质时代自下而上为大煤沟剖面小煤沟组至大煤沟组一段和大煤沟剖面大煤沟组二段至三段。

河南汝阳含巨型蜥脚类恐龙动物群地层时代的孢粉学证据

河南汝阳等地区大量微体古生物样品分析,首次在原“蟒川组”发现大量保存完好的孢粉化石。通过对化石组合特征进行记述和对重要化石地质时代进行讨论,结果表明,该孢粉类群及其含量变化的组合特征与松辽盆地登楼库组、河南周口商水组孢粉化石特征相似,确定其时代为早白垩世Aptain期。孢粉学研究丰富了汝阳地区的地层古生物内容,为厘定赋存巨型蜥脚类恐龙动物群的地层时代提供了孢粉学证据。

甘蒙交界北山地区早白垩世地层梳理及时代归属新见

甘肃和内蒙交界的北山地区早白垩世发育众多小型内陆沉积盆地,富含煤、铀、油气等能源资源,但由于该地区岩石地层系统划分较为混乱、时代归属不清,从而制约了近年来的大规模资源勘探工作。本研究基于众多钻孔及露头剖面的沉积序列特征和孢粉等古生物资料,系统清理了该地区的下白垩统归属关系,建议将该地区的下白垩统老树窝群划分为3个组,自下而上依次为驼马滩组、甜水井组(新名)以及马鬃山组(新名),驼马滩组和甜水井组呈不整合接触。驼马滩组以灰黑色、深灰绿色含煤泥岩、粉砂岩及粗砂岩为主,含早白垩世早期孢粉Aequitriradites,但早白垩世中晚期繁盛的Cicatricosisporites含量极低且类型单调,指示驼马滩组的时代为早白垩世早期(大致为贝里阿斯期晚期至瓦兰今期早期)。甜水井组以灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩为主,Ephedripites、Cicatricosisporites等孢粉含量丰富且类型多样,指示其时代为早白垩世中期(大致为欧特里夫期至巴雷姆期)。马鬃山组以紫红色、浅灰色粉砂岩为主,含有少量三沟类早期被子植物花粉化石,指示其时代为早白垩世晚期(可能为阿普特期至阿尔布期)。以上研究初步整理了甘、蒙交界北山地区下白垩统地层系统,可为后期资源勘探、基础地质研究等工作提供参考。