By the requirements of the Ministry of Education on life safety education, colleges, and universities have set up a course on Sports Injury and First Aid to organize relevant knowledge and increase the student’s awar...By the requirements of the Ministry of Education on life safety education, colleges, and universities have set up a course on Sports Injury and First Aid to organize relevant knowledge and increase the student’s awareness of first aid knowledge so that they can use reasonable methods to address sport-related injuries. At the same time, they can cope with first-aid situations and assist rescuers in completing resuscitation activities. This paper is based on the study of three colleges in Chongqing. This paper selected students from 3 universities in Chongqing and evaluated the mastery of first aid knowledge of college students, pointing out the value of implementing the “Sports Injury and First Aid” course in colleges and universities. This can provide opportunities to improve the theoretical content of the discipline, actively carry out practical activities, reasonably set the assessment method, and provide basic protection to ensure that the “Sports Injury and First Aid” course can be carried out normally to improve the mastery level of students’ first aid knowledge.展开更多
Hamstring strains are one of most common sports injuries.The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on hamstring strain injury rate,mechanism,and risk factors in the last several decades with a focu...Hamstring strains are one of most common sports injuries.The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on hamstring strain injury rate,mechanism,and risk factors in the last several decades with a focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of this injury.Hamstring injury commonly occurs in sporting events in which high speed sprinting and kicking are frequently performed,such as Australian football. English rugby,American football,and soccer.Basic science studies have demonstrated that a muscle strain injury occurs due to excessive strain in eccentric contraction instead of force,and that elongation speed and duration of activation before eccentric contraction affect the severity of the injury.Hamstring strain injury is likely to occur during the late swing phase and late stance phase of sprint running.Shortened optimum muscle length,lack of muscle flexibility,strength imbalance,insufficient warm-up,fatigue,lower back injury,poor lumbar posture,and increased muscle neural tension have been identified as modifiable risk factors while muscle compositions,age,race,and previous injuries are non-modifiable risk factors.The theoretical basis of some of these risk factors,however,is lacking,and the results of clinical studies on these risk factors are inconsistent.Future studies are needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationships between those proposed risk factors and the injury.展开更多
Background: The 2 most cited sports injury prevention research frameworks incorporate intervention development, yet little guidance is available in the sports science literature on how to undertake this complex proces...Background: The 2 most cited sports injury prevention research frameworks incorporate intervention development, yet little guidance is available in the sports science literature on how to undertake this complex process. This paper presents a generalizable process for developing implementable sports injury prevention interventions, including a case study applying the process to develop a lower limb injury prevention exercise training program(Footy First) for community Australian football.Methods: The intervention development process is underpinned by 2 complementary premises:(1) that evidence-based practice integrates the best available scientific evidence with practitioner expertise and end user values and(2) that research evidence alone is insufficient to develop implementable interventions.Results: The generalizable 6-step intervention development process involves(1) compiling research evidence, clinical experience, and knowledge of the implementation context;(2) consulting with experts;(3) engaging with end users;(4) testing the intervention;(5) using theory; and(6)obtaining feedback from early implementers. Following each step, intervention content and presentation should be revised to ensure that the final intervention includes evidence-informed content that is likely to be adopted, properly implemented, and sustained over time by the targeted intervention deliverers. For Footy First, this process involved establishing a multidisciplinary intervention development group, conducting 2targeted literature reviews, undertaking an online expert consensus process, conducting focus groups with program end users, testing the program multiple times in different contexts, and obtaining feedback from early implementers of the program.Conclusion: This systematic yet pragmatic and iterative intervention development process is potentially applicable to any injury prevention topic across all sports settings and levels. It will guide researchers wishing to undertake intervention development.展开更多
AIM:To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of sportsand recreation-related eye injuries in a large metropolitan city and investigate risk factors associated with visual impairment.METHODS:We performed a multice...AIM:To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of sportsand recreation-related eye injuries in a large metropolitan city and investigate risk factors associated with visual impairment.METHODS:We performed a multicenter prospective observational study on patients using the regional eye injury registry data.This study included patients with sportsand recreation-related eye injury in four tertiary teaching hospitals in Daegu,Republic of Korea,from August 2016 to July 2018.The primary outcome was visual impairment at the first hospital visit.Distributions of sex,age,place,and causative materials were analyzed according to causative activities.To examine the association between causative activities and visual impairment,a Logistic regression analysis was used.RESULTS:Of the 349 sports-and recreation-related eye injuries,soccer was the most common causative activity,with 21.8%(n=76).Sports-and recreation-related eye injuries occurred mainly in teenagers,individuals in their 20 s,and men.Badminton and soccer were significantly associated with visual impairment at the first hospital visit compared with combat sports[(adjusted odds ratio(AOR),5.18;95%confidence interval(CI),1.67-16.09 for badminton and AOR,3.87;95%CI,1.36-10.99 for soccer].CONCLUSION:Intervention efforts such as deployment of protective eyewear in sports facilities and schools and promotion of wearing protective eyewear during these activities in teenagers and individuals in their 20 s are mandatory.展开更多
<正>In a recent paper,Donaldson et al.~1 argued that lower extremity injuries can be prevented.Evidence-based sports injury preventive exercise programs usually have limited impact on public health because they ...<正>In a recent paper,Donaldson et al.~1 argued that lower extremity injuries can be prevented.Evidence-based sports injury preventive exercise programs usually have limited impact on public health because they are not widely adopted or sustained into regular training routines.One reason for this is that the intervention program may not seem relevant for the展开更多
Background: Preventing anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries is important to avoid long-term adverse health consequences. Identifying barriers to implementation of these prevention programs is crucial to reducing t...Background: Preventing anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries is important to avoid long-term adverse health consequences. Identifying barriers to implementation of these prevention programs is crucial to reducing the incidence of these injuries. Our purpose was to identify barriers of implementation for ACL injury prevention programs and suggest mechanisms for reducing the barriers through application of a SocioEcological Model(SEM).Methods: Studies investigating ACL prevention program effectiveness were searched in Medline via PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and a subsequent review of the references of the identified articles, yielded 15 articles total. Inclusion criteria encompassed prospective controlled trials, published in English, with ACL injuries as the primary outcome. Studies were independently appraised by 2 reviewers for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Barriers to implementation were identified when reported in at least 2 separate studies. A SEM was used to suggest ways to reduce the identified barriers.Results: Five barriers were identified: motivation, time requirements, skill requirements for program facilitators, compliance, and cost. The SEM suggested ways to minimize the barriers at all levels of the model from the individual through policy levels.Conclusion: Identification of barriers to program implementation and suggesting how to reduce them through the SEM is a critical first step toward enabling ACL prevention programs to be more effective and ultimately reducing the incidence of these injuries.展开更多
Acupuncture has a long history in China and has played an important role in military medical treatment since ancient times.Acupuncture therapy has been gradually popularized in the armies of various countries.It not o...Acupuncture has a long history in China and has played an important role in military medical treatment since ancient times.Acupuncture therapy has been gradually popularized in the armies of various countries.It not only alleviates tissue damage of acute cardio-cerebrovascular injury but also can relieve all types of pain.However,compared with its rising popularity abroad,insufficient attention has been devoted to acupuncture in first aid domestically.Military health care has also ignored its potential value.The implementation of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine can relieve pain better and faster.Acupuncture can reduce the sequels of training-related injuries,and further improve the level of military medical security.It is significant for the establishment of an emergency medical system and the development of traditional medical techniques.展开更多
Taking the common sports injuries and preventive measures of Yushan County middle school track and field athletes as the research object,the sports injuries of Yushan County middle school track and field athletes were...Taking the common sports injuries and preventive measures of Yushan County middle school track and field athletes as the research object,the sports injuries of Yushan County middle school track and field athletes were investigated and analyzed from the angle,type,location and nature of sports injury.Research on sports injury problems,trying to find the causes of sports injuries in daily training of track and field athletes,and proposed targeted preventive measures based on the specific situation of Yushan County Middle School.The results show that 77.70%of track and field athletes have suffered sports injury and periostitis and ligament/muscle strains are the most common forms of injury,and lower limbs are more prone to sports injuries than upper limbs.展开更多
背景:运动医学界广泛呼吁采用机器学习技术高效处理庞大、冗杂的运动数据资源,构建智能化的运动损伤预警模型,以实现运动损伤的精准预警。对此类研究成果进行综合归纳与评述,对把握预警模型改进方向,指导中国损伤预警模型构建工作均具...背景:运动医学界广泛呼吁采用机器学习技术高效处理庞大、冗杂的运动数据资源,构建智能化的运动损伤预警模型,以实现运动损伤的精准预警。对此类研究成果进行综合归纳与评述,对把握预警模型改进方向,指导中国损伤预警模型构建工作均具有重要意义。目的:系统梳理基于机器学习技术的运动损伤预警模型相关研究,为中国运动损伤预警模型构建工作提供借鉴。方法:对中国知网、Web of Science和EBSCO数据库进行文献检索,主要检索机器学习技术和运动损伤相关文献,最终纳入61篇运动损伤预警模型相关文献进行分析。结果与结论:①在纳入文献的外部风险特征指标中,缺乏比赛场景类指标,后续需进一步完善相关特征指标的纳入工作,以进一步丰富模型训练的数据集维度;此外,运动损伤预警模型的纳入特征权重方法以过滤法为主,需强化嵌入法及包裹法等权重方法的运用,以增强多风险因素交互效应的分析。②在模型主体训练方面,模型主体训练算法多以监督式学习算法为主,此类算法对样本标注信息的完整度有较高要求,应用场景易受限,后期可增加无监督式与半监督式算法的应用。③在模型性能评估优化方面,现研究主要采用了HoldOut交叉与k-交叉两种验证方式评估模型性能,模型的AUC值范围(0.76±0.12),灵敏度范围(75.92±11.03)%,特异度范围(80.03±4.54)%,F1分数值范围(80.60±10.63)%,准确度范围(69.96±13.10)%,精确度范围(70±14.71)%,数据增强与特征优化为最常见的模型优化操作。当前运动损伤预警模型准确度及精确度均约为70%,预警效果良好,但模型优化操作较单一,多采用数据增强方法提升模型性能,需强化对模型算法、超参数的调整,以进一步提升模型性能。④在模型特征提取方面,纳入的内部风险特征指标多以人体测量学、训练负荷、训练年限和损伤史等指标为主,缺乏运动恢复类指标与身体机能类指标。展开更多
Background:This study presents a kinematic analysis of an acute lateral ankle sprain incurred during a televised badminton match.The kinematics of this injury were compared to those of 19 previously reported cases in ...Background:This study presents a kinematic analysis of an acute lateral ankle sprain incurred during a televised badminton match.The kinematics of this injury were compared to those of 19 previously reported cases in the published literature.Methods:Four camera views of an acute lateral ankle sprain incurred during a televised badminton match were synchronized and rendered in3-dimensional animation software.A badminton court with known dimensions was built in a virtual environment,and a skeletal model scaled to the inj ured athlete’s height was used for skeletal matching.The ankle joint angle and angular velocity profiles of this acute injury were compared to the summarized findings from 19 previously reported cases in the published literature.Results:At foot strike,the ankle joint was 2° everted,33° plantarflexed,and 18° internally rotated.Maximum inversion of 114° and internal rotation of 69° was achieved at 0.24 s and 0.20 s after foot strike,respectively.After the foot strike,the ankle joint moved from an initial position of plantarflexion to dorsiflexion-from 33° plantarflexion to 53° dorsiflexion(range=86°).Maximum inversion,dorsiflexion,and internal rotation angular velocity were 1262°/s,961°/s,and 677°/s,respectively,at 0.12 s after foot strike.Conclusion:A forefoot landing posture with a plantarflexed and internally rotated ankle joint configuration could incite an acute lateral ankle sprain injury in badminton.Prevention of lateral ankle sprains in badminton should focus on the control and stability of the ankle joint angle during forefoot landings,especially when the athletes perform a combined lateral and backward step.展开更多
目的:探讨国家跆拳道队康复体系中的肌筋膜松解(myofascial release,MFR)手法对运动员膝关节功能的改善效果。方法:采用单被试实验多重基线设计,对6名运动员(WL、GQ、LS、SJ、ZY、ZQ)进行为期10个月的MFR手法干预。通过测量运动员主要...目的:探讨国家跆拳道队康复体系中的肌筋膜松解(myofascial release,MFR)手法对运动员膝关节功能的改善效果。方法:采用单被试实验多重基线设计,对6名运动员(WL、GQ、LS、SJ、ZY、ZQ)进行为期10个月的MFR手法干预。通过测量运动员主要踢击腿的Lysholm量表评分、运动员睡眠筛查问卷(Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire,ASSQ)得分、膝关节主动活动度(active range of motion,AROM)、膝关节被动活动度(passive range of motion,PROM)和压力疼痛感觉阈值(pressure pain threshold,PPT)等指标,反映运动员的膝关节功能、睡眠质量、膝关节活动度和压力疼痛感觉。采用超过基线期的中位数百分比(percentage of data points exceeding the median of baseline phase,PEM)进行个体疗效分析与相关性分析;选用Lysholm和PPT作为变量,使用线性混合模型对整体疗效进行分析。结果:1)在个体疗效方面,6名运动员Lysholm量表评分的PEM分别为0.82、0.82、0.64、0.73、0.55、0.82,其中,MFR手法对WL、GQ、ZQ等运动员膝关节功能的改善较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9),其余3名运动员则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员ASSQ得分的PEM分别为0.36、0.55、0.45、0.55、0.64、0.55,其中,MFR手法对WL与LS睡眠质量的改善效果差(PEM<0.5),其余4名运动员则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员AROM的PEM分别为0.76、0.88、0.92、0.88、0.70、0.92,其中,MFR手法对GQ、LS和ZQ膝关节AROM的改善有效(PEM≥0.9),SJ较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9),而WL和ZY则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员PROM的PEM分别为1.00、0.86、0.92、1.00、0.84、0.82,其中,MFR手法对WL、LS、SJ有效(PEM≥0.9),对GQ、ZY、ZQ较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9);6名运动员PPT的PEM均为1.00,MFR手法对PTT干预有效(PEM≥0.9)。MFR手法对6名运动员膝关节改善效果由高到低依次为PPT、PROM、AROM、Lysholm评分和ASSQ得分。2)Lysholm评分与各变量存在显著相关性(P<0.05),AROM与PROM的相关性最为显著(P<0.01),ASSQ得分只与PPT相关性显著(P<0.05)。3)在整体疗效方面,Lysholm评分在跟踪期高于干预期(β=-4.120,P<0.001)与基线期(β=-4.924,P<0.001),PPT在跟踪期低于干预期(β=4.485,P<0.001),高于基线期(β=-2.472,P<0.001)。结论:MFR手法可以有效改善跆拳道运动员的膝关节活动范围与相关软组织状态,在一定程度上能够预防膝关节运动损伤的发生。展开更多
基金the Chongqing Sports Bureau Research Fund (Grant No. C202212).
文摘By the requirements of the Ministry of Education on life safety education, colleges, and universities have set up a course on Sports Injury and First Aid to organize relevant knowledge and increase the student’s awareness of first aid knowledge so that they can use reasonable methods to address sport-related injuries. At the same time, they can cope with first-aid situations and assist rescuers in completing resuscitation activities. This paper is based on the study of three colleges in Chongqing. This paper selected students from 3 universities in Chongqing and evaluated the mastery of first aid knowledge of college students, pointing out the value of implementing the “Sports Injury and First Aid” course in colleges and universities. This can provide opportunities to improve the theoretical content of the discipline, actively carry out practical activities, reasonably set the assessment method, and provide basic protection to ensure that the “Sports Injury and First Aid” course can be carried out normally to improve the mastery level of students’ first aid knowledge.
文摘Hamstring strains are one of most common sports injuries.The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on hamstring strain injury rate,mechanism,and risk factors in the last several decades with a focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of this injury.Hamstring injury commonly occurs in sporting events in which high speed sprinting and kicking are frequently performed,such as Australian football. English rugby,American football,and soccer.Basic science studies have demonstrated that a muscle strain injury occurs due to excessive strain in eccentric contraction instead of force,and that elongation speed and duration of activation before eccentric contraction affect the severity of the injury.Hamstring strain injury is likely to occur during the late swing phase and late stance phase of sprint running.Shortened optimum muscle length,lack of muscle flexibility,strength imbalance,insufficient warm-up,fatigue,lower back injury,poor lumbar posture,and increased muscle neural tension have been identified as modifiable risk factors while muscle compositions,age,race,and previous injuries are non-modifiable risk factors.The theoretical basis of some of these risk factors,however,is lacking,and the results of clinical studies on these risk factors are inconsistent.Future studies are needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationships between those proposed risk factors and the injury.
基金funded by an National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Partnership Project Grant (ID: 565907) which included additional support (both cash and in-kind) from the following project partner agencies: the Australian Football League Victorian Health Promotion Foundation+7 种基金 New South Wales Sporting Injuries Committee JLT Sport, a division of Jardine Lloyd Thompson Australia Pty Ltd. Sport and Recreation Victoria, Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure and Sports Medicine Australia- National and Victorian Branchessupported by an NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (APP1058737)supported by an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (APP1048731)supported by a NHMRC Practitioner fellowship (APP1058493)Research Fellowships funded through the major NHMRC Partnership Project Grant
文摘Background: The 2 most cited sports injury prevention research frameworks incorporate intervention development, yet little guidance is available in the sports science literature on how to undertake this complex process. This paper presents a generalizable process for developing implementable sports injury prevention interventions, including a case study applying the process to develop a lower limb injury prevention exercise training program(Footy First) for community Australian football.Methods: The intervention development process is underpinned by 2 complementary premises:(1) that evidence-based practice integrates the best available scientific evidence with practitioner expertise and end user values and(2) that research evidence alone is insufficient to develop implementable interventions.Results: The generalizable 6-step intervention development process involves(1) compiling research evidence, clinical experience, and knowledge of the implementation context;(2) consulting with experts;(3) engaging with end users;(4) testing the intervention;(5) using theory; and(6)obtaining feedback from early implementers. Following each step, intervention content and presentation should be revised to ensure that the final intervention includes evidence-informed content that is likely to be adopted, properly implemented, and sustained over time by the targeted intervention deliverers. For Footy First, this process involved establishing a multidisciplinary intervention development group, conducting 2targeted literature reviews, undertaking an online expert consensus process, conducting focus groups with program end users, testing the program multiple times in different contexts, and obtaining feedback from early implementers of the program.Conclusion: This systematic yet pragmatic and iterative intervention development process is potentially applicable to any injury prevention topic across all sports settings and levels. It will guide researchers wishing to undertake intervention development.
基金Supported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(No.2016E3300500)。
文摘AIM:To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of sportsand recreation-related eye injuries in a large metropolitan city and investigate risk factors associated with visual impairment.METHODS:We performed a multicenter prospective observational study on patients using the regional eye injury registry data.This study included patients with sportsand recreation-related eye injury in four tertiary teaching hospitals in Daegu,Republic of Korea,from August 2016 to July 2018.The primary outcome was visual impairment at the first hospital visit.Distributions of sex,age,place,and causative materials were analyzed according to causative activities.To examine the association between causative activities and visual impairment,a Logistic regression analysis was used.RESULTS:Of the 349 sports-and recreation-related eye injuries,soccer was the most common causative activity,with 21.8%(n=76).Sports-and recreation-related eye injuries occurred mainly in teenagers,individuals in their 20 s,and men.Badminton and soccer were significantly associated with visual impairment at the first hospital visit compared with combat sports[(adjusted odds ratio(AOR),5.18;95%confidence interval(CI),1.67-16.09 for badminton and AOR,3.87;95%CI,1.36-10.99 for soccer].CONCLUSION:Intervention efforts such as deployment of protective eyewear in sports facilities and schools and promotion of wearing protective eyewear during these activities in teenagers and individuals in their 20 s are mandatory.
文摘<正>In a recent paper,Donaldson et al.~1 argued that lower extremity injuries can be prevented.Evidence-based sports injury preventive exercise programs usually have limited impact on public health because they are not widely adopted or sustained into regular training routines.One reason for this is that the intervention program may not seem relevant for the
文摘Background: Preventing anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries is important to avoid long-term adverse health consequences. Identifying barriers to implementation of these prevention programs is crucial to reducing the incidence of these injuries. Our purpose was to identify barriers of implementation for ACL injury prevention programs and suggest mechanisms for reducing the barriers through application of a SocioEcological Model(SEM).Methods: Studies investigating ACL prevention program effectiveness were searched in Medline via PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and a subsequent review of the references of the identified articles, yielded 15 articles total. Inclusion criteria encompassed prospective controlled trials, published in English, with ACL injuries as the primary outcome. Studies were independently appraised by 2 reviewers for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Barriers to implementation were identified when reported in at least 2 separate studies. A SEM was used to suggest ways to reduce the identified barriers.Results: Five barriers were identified: motivation, time requirements, skill requirements for program facilitators, compliance, and cost. The SEM suggested ways to minimize the barriers at all levels of the model from the individual through policy levels.Conclusion: Identification of barriers to program implementation and suggesting how to reduce them through the SEM is a critical first step toward enabling ACL prevention programs to be more effective and ultimately reducing the incidence of these injuries.
文摘Acupuncture has a long history in China and has played an important role in military medical treatment since ancient times.Acupuncture therapy has been gradually popularized in the armies of various countries.It not only alleviates tissue damage of acute cardio-cerebrovascular injury but also can relieve all types of pain.However,compared with its rising popularity abroad,insufficient attention has been devoted to acupuncture in first aid domestically.Military health care has also ignored its potential value.The implementation of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine can relieve pain better and faster.Acupuncture can reduce the sequels of training-related injuries,and further improve the level of military medical security.It is significant for the establishment of an emergency medical system and the development of traditional medical techniques.
文摘Taking the common sports injuries and preventive measures of Yushan County middle school track and field athletes as the research object,the sports injuries of Yushan County middle school track and field athletes were investigated and analyzed from the angle,type,location and nature of sports injury.Research on sports injury problems,trying to find the causes of sports injuries in daily training of track and field athletes,and proposed targeted preventive measures based on the specific situation of Yushan County Middle School.The results show that 77.70%of track and field athletes have suffered sports injury and periostitis and ligament/muscle strains are the most common forms of injury,and lower limbs are more prone to sports injuries than upper limbs.
文摘背景:运动医学界广泛呼吁采用机器学习技术高效处理庞大、冗杂的运动数据资源,构建智能化的运动损伤预警模型,以实现运动损伤的精准预警。对此类研究成果进行综合归纳与评述,对把握预警模型改进方向,指导中国损伤预警模型构建工作均具有重要意义。目的:系统梳理基于机器学习技术的运动损伤预警模型相关研究,为中国运动损伤预警模型构建工作提供借鉴。方法:对中国知网、Web of Science和EBSCO数据库进行文献检索,主要检索机器学习技术和运动损伤相关文献,最终纳入61篇运动损伤预警模型相关文献进行分析。结果与结论:①在纳入文献的外部风险特征指标中,缺乏比赛场景类指标,后续需进一步完善相关特征指标的纳入工作,以进一步丰富模型训练的数据集维度;此外,运动损伤预警模型的纳入特征权重方法以过滤法为主,需强化嵌入法及包裹法等权重方法的运用,以增强多风险因素交互效应的分析。②在模型主体训练方面,模型主体训练算法多以监督式学习算法为主,此类算法对样本标注信息的完整度有较高要求,应用场景易受限,后期可增加无监督式与半监督式算法的应用。③在模型性能评估优化方面,现研究主要采用了HoldOut交叉与k-交叉两种验证方式评估模型性能,模型的AUC值范围(0.76±0.12),灵敏度范围(75.92±11.03)%,特异度范围(80.03±4.54)%,F1分数值范围(80.60±10.63)%,准确度范围(69.96±13.10)%,精确度范围(70±14.71)%,数据增强与特征优化为最常见的模型优化操作。当前运动损伤预警模型准确度及精确度均约为70%,预警效果良好,但模型优化操作较单一,多采用数据增强方法提升模型性能,需强化对模型算法、超参数的调整,以进一步提升模型性能。④在模型特征提取方面,纳入的内部风险特征指标多以人体测量学、训练负荷、训练年限和损伤史等指标为主,缺乏运动恢复类指标与身体机能类指标。
基金The authors acknowledge funding from the Badminton World Federation for this study。
文摘Background:This study presents a kinematic analysis of an acute lateral ankle sprain incurred during a televised badminton match.The kinematics of this injury were compared to those of 19 previously reported cases in the published literature.Methods:Four camera views of an acute lateral ankle sprain incurred during a televised badminton match were synchronized and rendered in3-dimensional animation software.A badminton court with known dimensions was built in a virtual environment,and a skeletal model scaled to the inj ured athlete’s height was used for skeletal matching.The ankle joint angle and angular velocity profiles of this acute injury were compared to the summarized findings from 19 previously reported cases in the published literature.Results:At foot strike,the ankle joint was 2° everted,33° plantarflexed,and 18° internally rotated.Maximum inversion of 114° and internal rotation of 69° was achieved at 0.24 s and 0.20 s after foot strike,respectively.After the foot strike,the ankle joint moved from an initial position of plantarflexion to dorsiflexion-from 33° plantarflexion to 53° dorsiflexion(range=86°).Maximum inversion,dorsiflexion,and internal rotation angular velocity were 1262°/s,961°/s,and 677°/s,respectively,at 0.12 s after foot strike.Conclusion:A forefoot landing posture with a plantarflexed and internally rotated ankle joint configuration could incite an acute lateral ankle sprain injury in badminton.Prevention of lateral ankle sprains in badminton should focus on the control and stability of the ankle joint angle during forefoot landings,especially when the athletes perform a combined lateral and backward step.
文摘目的:探讨国家跆拳道队康复体系中的肌筋膜松解(myofascial release,MFR)手法对运动员膝关节功能的改善效果。方法:采用单被试实验多重基线设计,对6名运动员(WL、GQ、LS、SJ、ZY、ZQ)进行为期10个月的MFR手法干预。通过测量运动员主要踢击腿的Lysholm量表评分、运动员睡眠筛查问卷(Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire,ASSQ)得分、膝关节主动活动度(active range of motion,AROM)、膝关节被动活动度(passive range of motion,PROM)和压力疼痛感觉阈值(pressure pain threshold,PPT)等指标,反映运动员的膝关节功能、睡眠质量、膝关节活动度和压力疼痛感觉。采用超过基线期的中位数百分比(percentage of data points exceeding the median of baseline phase,PEM)进行个体疗效分析与相关性分析;选用Lysholm和PPT作为变量,使用线性混合模型对整体疗效进行分析。结果:1)在个体疗效方面,6名运动员Lysholm量表评分的PEM分别为0.82、0.82、0.64、0.73、0.55、0.82,其中,MFR手法对WL、GQ、ZQ等运动员膝关节功能的改善较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9),其余3名运动员则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员ASSQ得分的PEM分别为0.36、0.55、0.45、0.55、0.64、0.55,其中,MFR手法对WL与LS睡眠质量的改善效果差(PEM<0.5),其余4名运动员则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员AROM的PEM分别为0.76、0.88、0.92、0.88、0.70、0.92,其中,MFR手法对GQ、LS和ZQ膝关节AROM的改善有效(PEM≥0.9),SJ较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9),而WL和ZY则效果微弱(0.5≤PEM<0.7);6名运动员PROM的PEM分别为1.00、0.86、0.92、1.00、0.84、0.82,其中,MFR手法对WL、LS、SJ有效(PEM≥0.9),对GQ、ZY、ZQ较为有效(0.7≤PEM<0.9);6名运动员PPT的PEM均为1.00,MFR手法对PTT干预有效(PEM≥0.9)。MFR手法对6名运动员膝关节改善效果由高到低依次为PPT、PROM、AROM、Lysholm评分和ASSQ得分。2)Lysholm评分与各变量存在显著相关性(P<0.05),AROM与PROM的相关性最为显著(P<0.01),ASSQ得分只与PPT相关性显著(P<0.05)。3)在整体疗效方面,Lysholm评分在跟踪期高于干预期(β=-4.120,P<0.001)与基线期(β=-4.924,P<0.001),PPT在跟踪期低于干预期(β=4.485,P<0.001),高于基线期(β=-2.472,P<0.001)。结论:MFR手法可以有效改善跆拳道运动员的膝关节活动范围与相关软组织状态,在一定程度上能够预防膝关节运动损伤的发生。