Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella Before and After the Implementation of the Two-dose Varicella Vaccine Immunization Program in Banan District of Chongqing City

Objective:To explore the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of varicella before and after implementing the two-dose varicella vaccine(VarV)immunization program in the Banan District of Chongqing and to provide a reference for future epidemic prevention and control.Methods:The data of reported varicella cases in Banan District from 2014 to 2023 were collected and analyzed using the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to assess the changes in the reported incidence of varicella before(2014-2018)and after(2019-2023)the implementation of the two-dose VarV immunization program.Results:The average annual reported incidence rate of varicella in Banan District from 2014 to 2023 was 81.53 per 100,000.From 2014 to 2018,the reported incidence rate showed an upward trend year by year(trend x2=223.96,P<0.05).However,the reported incidence rate decreased from 2019 to 2023(trend x?=189.51,P<0.05).Before and after the adjustment of the immunization program,the reported incidence rate for the 5-9 years old group was 774.62 per 100,000 and 476.98 per 100,000,respectively,with a statistically significant difference(x2=161.26,P<0.05).The onset of varicella showed a bimodal distribution,with peak incidence periods in May-June and October-December.From 2014 to 2023,a total of 155,181 doses of VarV were administered in Banan District.The estimated annual vaccination rate for the first varicella vaccine(VarV1)from 2019 to 2023 was 86.28%,and for the second dose(VarV2)was 59.18%.The primary vaccination targets were the 5-9-year-old group,accounting for 64.21%.Conclusion:After implementing the two-dose VarV immunization program in Banan District,the vaccination rate increased yearly,and the reported incidence of varicella showed a downward trend.The incidence rate of varicella in children aged 5-9 years reduced significantly,but the overall downward trend for the entire population was not as pronounced.Therefore,it is necessary to increase the vaccination rate of VarV2.

High school sports programs differentially impact participation by sex

Background： Among numerous health benefits, sports participation has been shown to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Schools represent an ideal environment for increasing sports participation, but it is unclear how access and choice influence participation and whether characteristics of the school sports program differentially influence boys＇ and girls＇ participation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of high school athletic programs and determine the extent to which these characteristics influenced boys＇ and girls＇ sports team participation. Methods： Longitudinal telephone surveys were conducted with 1244 New Hampshire and Vermont students. Students self-reported their sports team participation at baseline （elementary school） and follow-up （high school）. High school personnel were surveyed to assess sports oppor- tunities, which were defined for this analysis as the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. Results： Approximately 70% of children participated on at least one sports team, including 73% of boys and 66% of girls. We detected sta- tistically significant interactions between sex and two school opportunity variables： 1） the number of sports offered per 100 students （i.e., choice） and 2） the percent of sports offered that did not restrict the number of players （i.e., access）. After controlling for children＇s baseline sports participation and other covariates, boys were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school did not restrict participation in the most popular sports （relative risk, RR = 1.12, p 〈 0.01）; in contrast, girls were more likely to play on at least one sports team per year if their school offered a wider variety of sports （RR = 1.47, p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Sports participation has previously been shown to confer a number of health benefits; as such, school sports programs may be an important, effective, and underused target for public health efforts, including obesity prevention programs. Efforts to increase physical activity among youth should consider both access and choice in school athletic programs. Schools may need to use different strategies to increase sports participation in boys and girls.

The influences of model parameters on the characteristics of memristors

As the fourth passive circuit component, a memristor is a nonlinear resistor that can ＂remember＂ the amount of charge passing through it. The characteristic of ＂remembering＂ the charge and non-volatility makes memristors great potential candidates in many fields. Nowadays, only a few groups have the ability to fabricate memristors, and most researchers study them by theoretic analysis and simulation. In this paper, we first analyse the theoretical base and characteristics of memristors, then use a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis as our tool to simulate the theoretical model of memristors and change the parameters in the model to see the influence of each parameter on the characteristics. Our work supplies researchers engaged in memristor-based circuits with advice on how to choose the proper parameters.

Acidolysis hydrocarbon characteristics and significance of sediment samples from the ODP drilling legs of gas hydrate

To study on the significance and basis of acidolysis index to China marine gas hydrate exploring, since 2006, 111 samples derived from Leg 164 and 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program （ODP） were analyzed in the experiment center of China Petroleum Exploration Research Institute to obtain data on acidolysis hydrocarbon index and methane carbon isotopes by the gas chromatography （GC） of PE AutoSystem XL and isotope mass spectrometer （IRMS） of Finnigan MAT25 I. Through these, we study the reliability of the acidolysis method and characterize the gas hydrate potential. The results show that the acidolysis hydrocarbon index has a stable correspondence with the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone （GHSZ） in the ODE and that there are clear abnormal signs in shallow samples that might reliably reflect the existence of authigenic carbonate caused by hydrocarbon migration from bottom hydrate. We therefore propose that the ability to characterize the acidolysis hydrocarbon is crucial to submarine gas hydrate exploration in China.

Physical Characteristics of the Algerian Goalkeepers

The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics anthropometric and physical Algerian goalkeepers, who all have achieved the test of Wameval, the vertical jump （CMJ, S J） on a punt of strength （Ergo Tester Globus, Italy）, the 20m coordination speed test of Cazorla, and the Wingate test on ergometric bicycle （Monark, Model 834 E） with a braking force of 75 g/kgl of body mass.

THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LONG SPAN ARCH STRUCTURE

This paper presents a method for isolatedly solving the normal mode of vi-bration according to the uncoupling condition of vibrations inside and outside the archplane.The finite element method for curved beam elements is adopted to analyse the dy-namic characteristics of arch structures and the calculating program is made.The resultsobtained from Apple II microcomputer are compared with those from SAP5 program byan example,and are in good agreement.

Study on the time delay failure characteristics of sandstone unloading under dynamic disturbance

The rockburst caused by underground engineering excavation exhibits a significant lag effect.Studies have shown that the occurrence of lag-type rockburst is closely related to the delayed failure of rocks.This paper focuses on the delayed failure characteristics of unloading-damaged sandstone under the combined action of static load and dynamic disturbance.Numerical simulations are utilized to analyze the delayed failure evolution characteristics and failure mechanisms of sandstone.The results indicate that in triaxial unloading delay failure tests,the duration of loading decreases exponentially with the increase of initial unloading damage.Compared to static load conditions,the duration of loading under dynamic disturbance decreases by more than 43%,and the average strain rate significantly increases.The number of cracks at the endpoint of triaxial unloading delay failure increases as initial unloading damage decreases,with a substantial increase in the number of cracks under dynamic disturbance.These findings provide a valuable reference for the timeliness and delayed rockburst analysis and interpretation of rock damage and failure under high-stress levels.

On the Relative Minimal Model Program for Threefolds in Low Characteristics

We show the validity of the relative dlt MMP overℚ-factorial threefolds in all characteristics p>0.As a corollary,we generalise many recent results to low characteristics including:WO-rationality of klt singularities,inversion of adjunction,and normality of divisorial centres up to a universal homeomorphism.

可干预因素与关节运动损伤的因果关系

背景:生活方式、代谢特征及营养摄入等干预因素与关节运动损伤的因果关系逐渐得到临床研究的重视,然而可干预因素与关节运动损伤的因果关系尚不明确。目的:运用孟德尔随机化的方法,探讨可干预因素与关节运动损伤的因果关系,为运动损伤预防提供依据。方法:从公开数据库获取可干预因素和关节运动损伤的GWAS数据集,运用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger法、加权中位数法探讨生活方式、代谢特征、营养摄入与关节运动损伤的因果关系。敏感性分析方面,采用Cochran’s Q检验、MR-Egger回归、留一法和MR-PRESSO,以验证结果的稳定性和可靠性。结果与结论:①生活方式方面,咖啡(OR=0.29,95%CI:0.10-0.79,P=0.016)、茶消耗量(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.19-0.85,P=0.017)与足踝关节运动损伤风险下降,咖啡消耗量(OR=3.31,95%CI=1.02-10.73,P=0.046)与肩关节运动损伤风险上升具有潜在因果关系;从未吸烟(OR=0.78,95%CI=0.70-0.87,P=1.49×10^(-5))与足踝关节运动损伤风险下降具有显著因果关系。②代谢特征方面,钙水平(OR=0.88,95%CI=0.79-0.98,P=0.017)与手腕关节运动损伤风险下降具有潜在因果关系。③营养摄入方面,维生素A摄入(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.02-1.13,P=0.007)与膝关节运动损伤风险增加具有潜在因果关系。④敏感性分析方面,Cochran’s Q检验显示存在异质性(P<0.05),故采用随机效应模型分析。MR-Egger回归、MR-PRESSO检验未发现水平多效性(P>0.05),留一法显示逐个剔除单核苷酸多态性后,结果具有稳定性。⑤此研究初步揭示生活方式、代谢特征及营养摄入等可干预因素对关节运动损伤风险的影响,为关节运动损伤的预防提供研究证据与研究方向。

sports教材化方法的研究——以山本贞美的教材事例为中心

在体育课程现实化的过程中,如何将运动文化转化为适宜于学生的教材,不仅是教学现场每个体育教师必须面对和加以解决的操作性问题,同时也是体育教学论不能回避的重要问题之一。本研究以运动场面的设置这一运动教材的构成为中心,在介绍山本事例及其分析其特征的基础上,将个案性的教材事例推演为具有方法论性质的可操作性的教材构成原理。

Applying the Socio-Ecological Model to barriers to implementation of ACL injury prevention programs: A systematic review

Background: Preventing anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries is important to avoid long-term adverse health consequences. Identifying barriers to implementation of these prevention programs is crucial to reducing the incidence of these injuries. Our purpose was to identify barriers of implementation for ACL injury prevention programs and suggest mechanisms for reducing the barriers through application of a SocioEcological Model(SEM).Methods: Studies investigating ACL prevention program effectiveness were searched in Medline via PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and a subsequent review of the references of the identified articles, yielded 15 articles total. Inclusion criteria encompassed prospective controlled trials, published in English, with ACL injuries as the primary outcome. Studies were independently appraised by 2 reviewers for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Barriers to implementation were identified when reported in at least 2 separate studies. A SEM was used to suggest ways to reduce the identified barriers.Results: Five barriers were identified: motivation, time requirements, skill requirements for program facilitators, compliance, and cost. The SEM suggested ways to minimize the barriers at all levels of the model from the individual through policy levels.Conclusion: Identification of barriers to program implementation and suggesting how to reduce them through the SEM is a critical first step toward enabling ACL prevention programs to be more effective and ultimately reducing the incidence of these injuries.

Evaluating the Performance of Iranian Football Teams Utilizing Linear Programming

In this paper, we utilize Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is a linear programming-based technique, for evaluating the performance of the teams which operate in the Iranian primer football league. We use Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique for aggregating the sub-factors which involve in input-output factors, and then DEA is used for calculating the efficiency measures. Also, AHP is used to construct some weight restrictions for increasing the discrimination power of the used DEA model. For calculating the efficiency measures, input-oriented weight-restricted BCC model is utilized.

Commentary on: “Scientific evidence is just the starting point:A generalizable process for developing sports injury prevention interventions” by Alex Donaldson et al.

<正>In a recent paper,Donaldson et al.~1 argued that lower extremity injuries can be prevented.Evidence-based sports injury preventive exercise programs usually have limited impact on public health because they are not widely adopted or sustained into regular training routines.One reason for this is that the intervention program may not seem relevant for the

The Effects of a Community and School Sport-Based Program on Urban Indigenous Adolescents’ Life Skills and Physical Activity Levels: The <i>SCP</i>Case Study

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a community and school sport program (SCP) on Indigenous adolescents’ life skills and physical activity levels within program sessions. A secondary aim was to determine the acceptability of the SCP. Participants in the SCP (n = 34;89%) participated in a 10-week case study (age = 13.7 ± 1.16;58% girls). Systematic observations of SCP sessions were conducted to determine physical activity levels and a life skills questionnaire was implemented. Acceptability measures included retention, implementation, attendance rates, and interviews with participants [n = 18] and key stakeholders [n = 6]. Systematic observations indicated that Indigenous students were engaged in MVPA for 58% of lesson time. Participants’ life skills remained unchanged (p = 0.93). Interview data showed that Indigenous students and key stakeholders believed the SCP was acceptable. This study highlights the need for partnerships between Indigenous community organisations and schools to design sport-based programs to promote Indigenous adolescents’ MVPA.

Towards Prevention of Sportsmen Burnout:Formal Analysis of Sub-Optimal Tournament Scheduling

Scheduling a sports tournament is a complex optimization problem,which requires a large number of hard constraints to satisfy.Despite the availability of several such constraints in the literature,there remains a gap sincemost of the new sports events pose their own unique set of requirements,and demand novel constraints.Specifically talking of the strictly time bound events,ensuring fairness between the different teams in terms of their rest days,traveling,and the number of successive games they play,becomes a difficult task to resolve,and demands attention.In this work,we present a similar situation with a recently played sports event,where a suboptimal schedule favored some of the sides more than the others.We introduce various competitive parameters to draw a fairness comparison between the sides and propose a weighting criterion to point out the sides that enjoyed this schedule more than the others.Furthermore,we use root mean squared error between an ideal schedule and the actual ones for each side to determine unfairness in the distribution of rest days across their entire schedules.The latter is crucial,since successively playing a large number of games may lead to sportsmen burnout,which must be prevented.

Building Characteristic Sports Towns——Opening A New Blue Ocean for the Economic Development of Sports Industry

When advancing the construction new-type urbanization was put forward to being an important move of urban economic development in the following decade in the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the characteristic towns' construction emerged as the times require. At the same time, the development of sports industry was lifted to a strategic height of national economic construction. This paper, taking the construction of characteristic sports town as the research object, with multiple research methods such as literature review method, case analysis method and expert interviews applied, makes "Building a Characteristic Sports Town" as the new economic growth pole of the development of sports industry, clearly analyzing the construction of sports town with PEST analytical method, which provides study and reference for opening up the new blue ocean for the economic development of sports industry.

Program for the Recording Temperature Characteristic in the Furnace

This paper represents the program, which is used to record the temperature field homogeneity in the furnace, using measuring and acquisition system Agilent 34970. This program is made in Metrology Laboratories Orao a.d. in Bijeljina and was originally used to record the homogeneity of temperature field in vacuum furnaces. These fumaces installed in Orao a.d. Bijeljina are intended for heat treatment process of various spare parts for aircraft engines. It is very important to have good homogeneity of the temperature field in the furnace, in order to avoid spoilage in the production of spare parts and thus the great financial losses. Now, the program is used for recording temperature field homogeneity in many companies in the Republic of Srpska, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. Beside of fumaces, this program is used to record homogeneity of temperature fields in sterilizers, refrigerators, freezers and other areas where temperature field homogeneity is important in manufacturing process technology. After finishing each test, we have received very useful information about the temperature distribution in working volume and discovered critical points, which was necessary to eliminate. Based on these data, some corrective measures are taken in order to ensure better homogeneity of temperature field of the furnace. In case that is not possible to make corrections on the furnace, then, based on temperature field homogeneity report, it is possible to determine optimal fumace working volume in which heat treatment of spare parts for aircraft engines is done. The aim of this is to minimize scrap material during heat treatment in the furnace.

建设体育强国进程中的体育文化高质量发展研究

在深入贯彻落实中共二十大会议精神的背景下,体育文化高质量发展是中国建设体育强国不可或缺的重要内容。运用文献研究法、逻辑分析法分析了体育文化高质量发展应秉持的全面、融合、创新、协调的理念及体育文化高质量发展的内涵,提出体育文化高质量发展有6个特征,即吸引力大、组织力强、亲和力好、传播力强、创新力足、融合度高。体育文化高质量发展方式包括以全面发展促进体育文化体系完善、以融合发展提高体育文化共建质量、以创新发展提高体育文化建设质量、以协调发展提高体育文化产品质量。梳理了我国在中国特色社会主义进入新时代以来体育文化建设中取得的多方面成绩,并提出了存在的不足和建设体育强国的体育文化高质量发展的建议。

新时代全国青少年校园足球特色学校:改革理念、现实聚焦与发展方向

教育部等7部门联合印发《关于加强和改进新时代青少年校园足球工作的实施意见》,旨在通过一系列政策突破与举措创新,着力提升校园足球特色学校建设质量。在改革理念方面,通过引领新时代学校体育改革,进一步发挥特色学校引领示范、先行先试作用;深化体教融合的调适路径,完善足球人才培养运行机制;推动校园足球高质量发展,实现“以体促全”的多维教育价值理念。在现实聚焦方面,要求紧密对接国家战略需求,积极服务教育强国战略部署,助力体育强国目标实现,推进健康中国全面实施;同时,破除关键发展条件桎梏,推动足球课程与教学模式改革,促进专业师资队伍扩容提质,优化场地设施与经费配置。研究认为,在新时代的历史节点上,校园足球特色学校建设应从政府、特色学校与体教融合3个维度统筹规划:坚持政府导向,从理念革新、资源供给方面系统谋划;调整特色学校路向,从整体布局、能力发展层次全面深化;顺应体教融合趋向,从创新模式、拓宽渠道角度协同推进。