HVOF-sprayed HAp/S53P4 BG composite coatings on an AZ31 alloy for potential applications in temporary implants

Bioactive thermal spray coatings produced via high-velocity oxygen fuel spray(HVOF)from hydroxyapatite(HAp)and bioactive glasses(BG)have the potential to be employed on temporary implants due to the ability of both HAp and BG to dissolve and promote osseointegration,considering that both phases have different reaction and dissolution rates under in-vitro conditions.In the present work,75%wt.HAp-25%wt.S53P4 bioactive glass powders were HVOF-sprayed to obtain HAp/S53P4 BG composite coatings on a bioresorbable AZ31 alloy.The study is focused on exploring the effect of the stand-off distance and fuel/oxygen ratio variation as HVOF parameters to obtain stable structural coatings and to establish their effect on the phases and microstructure produced in those coatings.Different characterization techniques,such as scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,were employed to characterize relevant structural and microstructural properties of the composite coatings.The results showed that thermal gradients during coating deposition must be managed to avoid delamination due to the high temperature achieved(max 550℃)and the differences in coefficients of thermal expansion.It was also found that both spraying distance and oxygen/fuel ratio allowed to keep the hydroxyapatite as the main phase in the coatings.In addition,in-vitro electrochemical studies were performed on the obtained HAp/S53P4 BG composite coatings and compared against the uncoated AZ31 alloy.The results showed a significant decrease in hydrogen evolution(at least 98%)when the bioactive coating was applied on the Mg alloy during evaluation in simulated body fluid(SBF).

长链非编码RNA POT1-AS1在宫颈癌顺铂耐药中的作用研究

背景同步放化疗是晚期宫颈癌(cervical cancer,CC)的治疗方法,顺铂(cisplatin,CDDP)是目前临床化疗使用的主要药物之一,CDDP耐药的发生严重制约了其临床应用,因此针对CDDP耐药发生机制的研究对CC的治疗至关重要。目的探索长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)POT1-AS1在宫颈癌CDDP耐药中的作用。方法基于TCGA数据库,分析POT1-AS1在CC组织及正常组织中的表达情况,并分析POT1-AS1的表达量与预后的关系。采用CCK-8实验评估CDDP处理后的耐药细胞系和亲本细胞系、siPOT1-AS1组和siNC组的活力并测定相应的半抑制浓度(the half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)。实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)检测POT1-AS1在耐药细胞系及相应亲本细胞系中的表达以及POT1-AS1表达与CDDP作用时间的相关性。克隆形成实验检测POT1-AS1对CDDP耐药细胞增殖情况的影响。PI/DAPI双染荧光用于评估POT1-AS1与CDDP诱导的细胞死亡的相关性。结果POT1-AS1在CC肿瘤组织中高表达,并与不良预后相关。耐药细胞系的细胞活力及IC50值显著高于亲本细胞系(P<0.001),POT1-AS1沉默组的细胞活力及IC50值显著低于阴性对照(negative control,NC)组(P<0.001),差异均有统计学意义。POT1-AS1在耐药细胞系中的表达显著高于亲本细胞系(P<0.001),且随着CDDP给药时间的延长而增加。沉默POT1-AS1后可显著抑制耐药细胞的增殖能力(P<0.01)。与NC组相比,POT1-AS1沉默组的CC耐药细胞死亡率显著增加(P<0.01),尤其是在加入CDDP作用后(P<0.01)。结论POT1-AS1与宫颈癌CDDP耐药密切相关,并通过抑制CDDP诱导的细胞死亡发挥促癌作用。

极值BMM模型与POT模型对面板堆石坝安全监控指标拟定的比较研究

研究极值理论中极值BMM模型和POT模型在大坝安全监控指标拟定上的运用,通过引用经济学上的分位数和极端风险(VaR)值的概念,根据对应公式计算出相应数值进行量化比较分析。研究结果表明,极值BMM模型和POT模型在高置信水平下均能反映出数据的极端风险状况;在99%置信水平下两模型VaR值均大于在95%置信水平下的VaR值;在99%置信水平下极值BMM模型计算出的VaR值比POT模型下的VaR值更大,且接近于拟定指标,表明极值BMM模型下VaR值更能反映出数据的极值状态;在指标拟定方面,极值BMM模型较为适合拟定数据范围内的警戒指标,而POT模型指标拟定结果是超越样本数据本身,具有一定的预测性,适合拟定为样本数据的预测指标。

Experimental investigation on effective aerosol scavenging using different spray configurations with pre-injection of water mist for Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning

During the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant,it is important to consider the retrieval of resolidified debris both in air and underwater configurations.For the subsequent retrieval of debris from the reactor building,the resolidified debris must be cut into smaller pieces using various cutting methods.During the cutting process,aerosol particles are expected to be generated at the submicron scale.It has been noted that such aerosols sizing within the Greenfield gap(0.1-1μm)are difficult to remove effectively using traditional spraying methods.Therefore,to improve the aerosol removal efficiency of the spray system,a new aerosol agglomeration method was recently proposed,which involves injecting water mist to enlarge the sizes of the aerosol particles before removing them using water sprays.In this study,a series of experiments were performed to clarify the proper spray configurations for effective aerosol scavenging and to improve the performance of the water mist.The experimental results showed that the spray flow rate and droplet characteristics are important factors for the aerosol-scavenging efficiency and performance of the water mist.The results obtained from this study will be helpful for the optimization of the spray system design for effective aerosol scavenging during the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi plant.

Simulation Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Spray-Cooled Single-Pipe Cooling Tower

The current study focuses on spray cooling applied to the heat exchange components of a cooling tower.An optimization of such processes is attempted by assessing different spray flow rates and droplet sizes.For simplicity,the heat exchanger of the cooling tower is modeled as a horizontal round tube and a cooling tower spray cooling model is developed accordingly using a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software.The study examines the influence of varying spray flow rates and droplet sizes on the heat flow intensity between the liquid layer on the surface of the cylindrical tube and the surrounding air,taking into account the number of nozzles.It is observed that on increasing the spray flow strength,the heat flow intensity and extent of the liquid film in the system are enhanced accordingly.Moreover,the magnitude of droplet size significantly impacts heat transfer.A larger droplet size decreases evaporation in the air and enhances the deposition of droplets on the round tube.This facilitates the creation of the liquid film and enhances the passage of heat between the liquid film and air.Increasing the number of nozzles,while maintaining a constant spray flow rate,results in a decrease in the flow rate of each individual nozzle.This decrease is not favorable in terms of heat transfer.

Preparation and Properties of Spray Polyurea Elastomer for Aquaculture Foam Floating Balls

[Objectives] This study was conducted to develop a polyurea elastomer which can be sprayed on the surface of expanded polystyrene (EPS) floating balls, so as to improve the surface strength and service life of the floating balls. [Methods] The effects of the types and amounts of isocyanate, chain extenders and polyether polyols on the gelation rate, adhesion and wear resistance of polyurea elastomer were investigated, and it was finally determined the preparation process of polyurea elastomer using liquid isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and amino-terminated polyether (D2000) as the main raw materials, dimethylthiotoluene diamine (E300) as the chain extender and silica as the wear resistance modifier through two-step solution polymerization of prepolymerization and chain extension. [Results] The physical properties and chemical resistance tests of spray polyurea elastomer showed that it had good physical properties and acid and alkali resistance, and could meet the requirements of spraying and protection of EPS floating ball surface in marine environment. [Conclusions] Polyurea elastomer coating can improve the aging resistance, wear resistance and acid and alkali resistance of EPS floating balls, and prevent them from being fragile and floating randomly to form marine floating garbage which results in "white pollution".

Effect of Spray Rails on Takeoff Performance of Amphibian Aircraft

Amphibian aircraft have seen a rise in popularity in the recreational and utility sectors due to their ability to take off and land on both land and water, thus serving a myriad of purposes, such as aerobatics, surveillance, and firefighting. Such seaplanes must be aerodynamically and hydrodynamically efficient, particularly during the takeoff phase. Naval architects have long employed innovative techniques to optimize the performance of marine vessels, including incorporating spray rails on hulls. This research paper is dedicated to a comprehensive investigation into the potential utilization of spray rails to enhance the takeoff performance of amphibian aircraft. Several spray rail configurations obtained from naval research were simulated on a bare Seamax M22 amphibian hull to observe an approximate 10% - 25% decrease in water resistance at high speeds alongside a 3% reduction in the takeoff time. This study serves as a motivation to improve the design of the reference airplane hull and a platform for detailed investigations in the future to improve modern amphibian design.

Designing an Experimental Device for Swinging Excitation Spray Cooling

In this paper,we introduce the design principle of the oscillating excited spray cooling experimental device.We then designed an oscillating excited spray cooling experimental device.By using the device,the swaying motion can be realized through the control system,and the motion of the droplet under different vibration frequencies can be observed.By measuring the liquid flow rate and pressure,the changes in liquid flow rate,pressure,and temperature with time under different vibration frequencies were studied.The trajectory of the droplet and the temperature distribution of the droplet under different vibration frequencies could be observed.The device has a simple structure,is easy to control,and can achieve continuous observation of the spray cooling process.

高层建筑围护结构风压系数的概率特征及其极值POT估计

为获得高层建筑围护结构设计风荷载,通常需要考虑其表面风压系数的概率特征,进而进行极值估计。针对当前基于超越阈值模型的风压系数极值估计方法存在阈值选取困难,需要较大样本的不足,基于高层建筑标准模型进行风洞试验,首先研究其表面风压系数的概率特征,结果表明迎风区测点接近高斯分布,分离区测点风压系数母体接近Gamma分布,风压系数极小值接近GEV(general extreme value,GEV)分布;提出一种改进的POT(peak over threshold,POT)极值估计方法进行表面风压系数极值估计,进而与几种传统极值估计方法进行对比,结果表明改进POT极值估计方法可实现小样本的风压系数极值估计,其估计结果与大样本容量的标准极值偏差小于5%,且稳定性较好;最后给出了标准高层建筑模型表面极值风压系数。

基于POT模型的股票市场风险度量研究

股票市场风险度量是规避股市风险的关键所在,文章基于广义帕累托分布的POT模型对股票市场风险度量进行了研究。针对POT模型中阈值确定困难的问题,在对峰度法、Hill估计法分析的基础上,提出了斜率变点检测的阈值确定方法。研究发现,将POT模型应用于股票市场分析中,95%CI与90%CI相比,VaR更具可信度,且股市的流动性较低,其市场风险也就越大。

Application of thermal spray and surface treatment techniques in hot-dip galvanizing line pot hardware

The failure of zinc pot hardware in continuous hot-dip galvanizing lines （CGLs） is due to zinc corrosion, abrasion ,and dross build-up. Enhancing the life of pot hardware will not only upgrade the quality of the sheet products but also will increase the efficiency of CGLs, with decreasing cost and increasing energy savings. This paper introduces the current research and development for thermal spray coatings for pot rolls, sleeves, and bushings, and analyses the thermal spray and surface treatment technique details of dross adhesion prevention. It provides the potential applications and developing trends in thermal spray coatings and surface treatment techniques for pot hardware.

基于2σ-chauvenet准则的POT模型的膨胀土渠坡位移监控指标拟定

在深挖方膨胀土渠坡的长期服役过程中,借助位移监控指标实时辨识渠坡服役性态是确保渠坡安全运行的重要手段,因此拟定合理的监控指标对于保障渠坡工程的安全具有重要意义。在POT模型的基础上,引入2σ准则和chauvenet准则,建立了阈值与监控指标之间的对应关系,通过求解满足该对应关系下的最佳阈值,建立了膨胀土渠坡位移监控指标拟定的改进POT模型,并应用于南水北调中线工程陶岔段的深挖方膨胀土渠坡工程中。结果表明,相较传统POT模型,基于2σ-chauvenet准则的改进POT模型可有效避免主观性与随机误差,具有更高的计算精度,拟定的位移监控指标更偏于安全,对防范渠坡风险、确保渠坡安全长效运行具有更强的指导意义。

基于POT和BMM模型的甘河洪水演变特征分析

全球气候变化引起极端洪水频发和强度增大,增加流域洪水风险。甘河是嫩江尼尔基水库上游最大的支流,其洪水演变关乎下游尼尔基水库的防洪调度。本研究基于甘河1958~2018年的逐日气温、降水和径流等数据,利用块最大值模型和超阈值模型,在对洪水事件提取的基础上,分析了洪水事件发生次数、发生时间和洪峰流量的演变特征,并探究了洪水演变与降水、气温关系。结果表明:甘河流域洪水频发,61 a间共发生了124次洪水事件,且主要集中在5~10月。年最大洪峰流量总体呈增加趋势,增加速率为4.6 m^(3)/(s·a);年最大洪峰发生时间均有提前趋势,增加速率为0.37 d/a。洪水与气温相关性较弱,与降水密切相关,甘河流域易形成暴雨型洪水;洪峰发生前10 d的降水频率和强度与洪水的相关性最为密切,且年最大7日洪量和最大7日降水量变化趋势大致相当。研究成果可为甘河洪水风险管理和下游尼尔基水库的防洪调度与水安全保障提供参考。

基于POT模型的泄水闸检修门库裂缝开合度安全监控指标拟定

针对传统混凝土裂缝开合度安全监控指标拟定中对监测数据利用率不高,对数据尾部特征刻画差,导致拟定监控指标精度低的问题,本文结合王甫洲水利枢纽泄水闸检修门库近一年的裂缝实测资料,首先选取涉及汛期、高低温季节等不利工况作用下的典型裂缝开合度监测资料系列作为样本数据,然后引入POT模型拟定了裂缝开合度监控指标,最后对所拟定的裂缝开合度监控指标进行分析评价.结果表明,相对于典型小概率法拟定的监控指标,由于POT模型具有对采集信息利用率高、能够更好地刻画数据分布的尾部特征的优点,该方法拟定的裂缝开合度监控指标精度更高.

Effect of Spraying Liquid Mineral Mixed Fertilizers on the Mineral Elements of Potted Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai

Objective] The aim was to explain the accumulation characteristic of mineral elements in alpine grassland plants and the effect of supplementary supply on the nutrient changes of mineral elements. [Method] Potted Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai plants were regularly applied with liquid mineral mixed fertilizers, and samples were collected for analysis and detection. [Result] After the regular spraying of liquid mineral mixed fertilizers, the mineral elements in potted P. crymophila and its soil reduced （ P 〈0.05）, but the accumulation of corresponding mineral elements of P. crymophila in the control group was increased due to the ＂Starvation Effect＂, which was one of the endogenetic forces driving the increase in the accumulation of mineral elements. [Conclusion] This study is of great significance for the study of the accumulation of mineral elements in degraded grassland plants and its dynamic mechanism, as well as testing the hypothesis of the Starvation Effect of mineral elements. In addition, it also provides scientific bases and technical support for the restoration and remediation of degraded grassland and the development of ecological livestock husbandry.

Influence of Spray Gun Position and Orientation on Liquid Film Development along a Cylindrical Surface

A method combining computationalfluid dynamics(CFD)and an analytical approach is proposed to develop a prediction model for the variable thickness of the spray-induced liquidfilm along the surface of a cylindrical workpiece.The numerical method relies on an Eulerian-Eulerian technique.Different cylinder diameters and positions and inclinations of the spray gun are considered and useful correlations for the thickness of the liquidfilm and its distribution are determined using various datafitting algorithms.Finally,the reliability of the pro-posed method is verified by means of experimental tests where the robot posture is changed.The provided cor-relation are intended to support the optimization of spray-based coating applications.

Study on a Bowl-based Mechanism for Transplanting Potted Strawberry Seedlings

To improve the efficiency of fetching and transplanting seedlings for the mechanization of strawberry planting,an integrated transplanting mechanism was designed with protruding,fetching and planting performance to achieve rapid fetching and pushing bowl movements.According to the working principle of the slewing mechanism,a kinematics model and the optimization goal were established,respectively.Based on visual auxiliary analysis software,optimal parameters were obtained.A three-dimensional model was established to obtain a simulation trajectory by means of a virtual simulation design analysis.Three-dimensional printing technology was used to manufacture the test prototype,and the actual working trajectories of the test prototype were extracted using high-speed photography technology,which verified the consistency of the actual trajectory with the theoretical and simulated trajectories.A prototype transplanting experiment was performed with the success rate of seedling extraction of 91.2%and excellent planting rate of 82.8%,which met the requirements for integrated strawberry harvesting,planting and transplanting.The experimental results verified the correctness and feasibility of the design of integrated transplanting mechanism.

Determination of Monitoring Control Value for Concrete Gravity Dam Spatial Deformation Based on POT Model

Deformation can directly reflect the working behavior of the dam,so determining the deformation monitoring control value can effectively monitor the safety of dam operation.The traditional dam deformation monitoring control value only considers the single measuring point.In order to overcome the limitation,this paper presents a new method to determine the monitoring control value for concrete gravity dam based on the deformations of multi-measuring points.A dam’s comprehensive deformation displacement is determined by the measured values at different measuring points on the positive inverted vertical line and the corresponding weight of eachmeasuring point.The projection pursuit method(PPM)combined with the grey wolf optimization(GWO)algorithm is used to determine the weight of each measuring point according to the spatial correlation distribution characteristics of dam deformation.The peaks over threshold(POT)model based on the extreme value theory is adopted to determine the monitoring control value with the obtained dam comprehensive deformation displacement.In addition,the POTmodel is improved with the automatic threshold determinationmethod based on the 3σcriterion in probability theory and the GWO algorithm,which can avoid subjectivity and randomness in determining the threshold.The results of the engineering application show the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method.

Elaboration of Ceramic Pot Filter from Kaolinite (Cameroon Clay) for the Elimination of Suspended Particles from Domestic Drinking Water

The objective of this work was to elaborate ceramic water filters from Kaolinite (Cameroon) clay for the elimination of suspended particles from domestic drinking water. In Sub-Sahara Africa and in Cameroon in particular health issues have been linked to the consummation of domestic tap water of high turbidity values both in the rural and urban areas. In order to remedy these problems, ceramic water pot filters have been elaborated in a pilot scale unit with aim of putting in place a unit production. The chemical composition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of the raw materials (clay and rice husks) was determined. The crystal phases and scanning electron microscope of Wack clay was also determined. The ceramic pot filter membranes were fabricated from the formulations 70/20/10 of clay/porogen/chamotte respectively with the particle size of the raw material less than or equal to 500 μm. The formulated ceramic pot filters were then sintered at 900˚C in a furnace. These ceramic pot filters were characterized by determining their porosity, withdrawal percentages, water permeability, mechanical and chemical resistance. The study of the efficiency consisted in evaluating the retention rate and permeate flux with respect to time (days) with synthetic water suspensions of turbidity 100 NTU and particle size of 2 μm. The ceramic pot filters were made aiming at studying the efficiency after physical defouling of filters. Physical defouling consisted in brushing the inner surface of the ceramic pot filters with water and drying them at ambient temperature after being used for 11 days and reusing them under the same initial conditions. The produced ceramic pot filter had a volume of 4 L, an average porosity of 36.15%, shrinkage in mass or withdrawal percentage of 18.23%, a water permeability of 59.6 × 103 L∙h−2∙m−2, mechanical resistance of 6.8 MPa and corrosion resistance of 1.6% in acidic medium and 0.8% in alkaline medium. The evaluation of the retention efficiency reveals that the retention rate of 99.9% was obtained from the 9th day of filtration reducing the turbidity value from 100 NTU to less than 0.1 NTU. From the filtration test carried out during the 11 consecutive days, the flow rate varied between 1.46 L∙h−1 to 2.63 L∙h−1. Similar results of retention and flow rate were obtained after physical defouling of the ceramic pot filter membranes and re-using for 11 consecutive days, showing the efficiency of the ceramic pot filter membranes in eliminating suspended particles from drinking water. Cost evaluation for the production unit reveals a total cost of production for 50 ceramic pot filters of 1593.6 USD consisting of fixed assets and variable assets. An estimated selling price of 3.3 USD was obtained which is affordable for both the urban and rural population in Cameroon and in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sea spray induced air-sea heat and salt fluxes based on the wavesteepnessdependent sea spray model

Sea spray,which comprises amounts of small ocean droplets,plays a significant role in the air-sea coupling,atmospheric and oceanic dynamics,and climate.However,it remains arduous to arrive at estimates for the efficiency and accuracy of the sea spray induced air-sea heat and salt fluxes.This is because the microphysical process of sea spray evolution in the air is of extreme complexity.In this study,we iteratively calculated the sea spray induced air-sea heat and salt fluxes at various weather condition.To do so,we implemented one novel wave-steepness-dependent sea spray model into a bulk air-sea fluxes algorithm and utilized other sea spray models as comparisons.Based on the improved wave-dependent bulk turbulent algorithm,we observed that despite the negative contribution of sea spray to the sensible heat fluxes,the sea spray positively contributes to the air-sea latent heat fluxes,leading to an overall increase in the total air-sea heat fluxes.The additional heat fluxes caused by sea spray may be the missing critical process that can clarify the discrepancies observed between measured and modelled Tropical Cyclone’s development and intensification.In addition to heat fluxes,we observed that sea spray has significant impacts on the air-sea salt fluxes.As the sea salt particles are one of the main sources of the atmosphere aerosol,our results imply that sea spray could impact global and regional climate.Thus,given the significance of sea spray on the air-sea boundary layer,sea spray effects need to be considered in studies of air-sea interaction,dynamics of atmosphere and ocean.