Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Mean...Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.展开更多
The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-p...The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall that was subjected to lateral spreading. The quay wall was employed to trigger liquefaction-induced large lateral ground deformation. The discussions focus on the behavior of the pile and the soil and on the bending moment distributions within the group pile and the restoring force characteristics at the superstructure. Overall, the piles exhibited apparent pinning effects that reduced soil deformation. In addition, the rear-row piles near the quay wall experienced larger bending moments than did the front-row piles, indicating significant pile group effects. The tests showed that lateral spreading could be a primary cause of larger monotonic deformations and bending moments. It can also be concluded that the monotonic bending moments were significantly decreased due to the presence of slow soil flow. The stiffness at the superstructure was reduced because of accumulated excess pore pressure before liquefaction, and it was recovered during lateral spreading. The present study further enhances current understanding of the behavior of low-cap pile foundations under lateral spreading.展开更多
AIM:To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer(CRC) screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS:An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to September 7,2...AIM:To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer(CRC) screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS:An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to September 7,2010 in Changhai Hospital.A total of 1200 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years were recruited for interview.The patient's knowledge about CRC and screening was pre-measured as a predictor variable,and other predictors included age,gender,educational level,monthly household income and health insurance status.The relationship between these predictors and screening behavior,screening willingness and screening approach were examined using Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:Of these outpatients,22.5% had undergone CRC screening prior to this study.Patients who had participated in the screening were more likely to have good knowledge about CRC and screening(OR:5.299,95% CI:3.415-8.223),have health insurance(OR:1.996,95% CI:1.426-2.794) and older in age.Higher income,however,was found to be a barrier to the screening(OR:0.633,95% CI:0.467-0.858).An analysis of screening willingness showed that 37.5% of the patients would voluntarily participated in a screen at the recommended age,but 41.3% would do so under doctor's advice.Screening willingness was positively correlated with the patient's knowledge status.Patients with higher knowledge levels would like to participate in the screening(OR:4.352,95% CI:3.008-6.298),and they would select colonoscopy as a screening approach(OR:3.513,95% CI:2.290-5.389).However,higher income level was,again,a barrier to colonoscopic screening(OR:0.667,95% CI:0.505-0.908).CONCLUSION:Patient's level of knowledge and income should be taken into consideration when conducting a feasible CRC screening.展开更多
The presence of ethanol has an adverse effect on foam spreading,and ethanol fire is difficult to extinguish with aqueous fire-fighting foams.Thus,it is necessary to explore the foam formulation suitable for ethanol fu...The presence of ethanol has an adverse effect on foam spreading,and ethanol fire is difficult to extinguish with aqueous fire-fighting foams.Thus,it is necessary to explore the foam formulation suitable for ethanol fuels and study the spreading behavior of foam over ethanol surface.In the current work,stable foams based on hydrocarbon surfactant(SDS),fluorocarbon surfactant(FC1157),and polymers(XG)were prepared by using the compressed-air foam system.The spreading behaviors of foam on polar ethanol and non-polar heptane surface were observed and compared.Furthermore,the effects of stabilizer concentrations,foam flow rates and expansion ratios on foam spreading performance were investigated,respectively.The results indicate that aqueous SDS foam can spread on the heptane layer continuously,but it is difficult to cover the ethanol surface.The addition of XG and FC1157 can synergistically improve the spreading performance of aqueous foam over ethanol.Depending on stabilizer concentrations,there are remarkable differences in foam spreading behaviors.Besides,different foam application parameters including expansion ratios and foam flow rates significantly affect the foam spreading rate,despite the same foam formulation.The research methods and results guide the optimal design of foam formulations as well as the practical application of aqueous foam for ethanol fire extinguishment.展开更多
The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerica...The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerical values as a decision table. Coding is performed with this table as chromosomes, and this is optimized by using genetic algorithm. These environments were realized on a computer, and the simulation was carried out. As the result, the learning of the method to act so that moving objects do not obstruct mutually was recognized, and it was confirmed that these methods are effective for optimizing moving strategy.展开更多
The non-uniform transmission and network topological structure are combined to investigate the spreading behavior of susceptible-infected-susceptible （SIS） epidemic model. Based on the mean-field theory, the analyti...The non-uniform transmission and network topological structure are combined to investigate the spreading behavior of susceptible-infected-susceptible （SIS） epidemic model. Based on the mean-field theory, the analytical and numerical results indicate that the epidemic threshold is correlated with the topology of underlying networks, as well as the disease transmission mechanism. These discoveries can greatly help us to further understand the virus propagation on communication networks.展开更多
文摘Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51378161 and 51108134
文摘The response of pile foundations near a quay wall under liquefaction-induced lateral spreading remains a complex problem. This study presents the results of a shake-table test on a 2×2 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall that was subjected to lateral spreading. The quay wall was employed to trigger liquefaction-induced large lateral ground deformation. The discussions focus on the behavior of the pile and the soil and on the bending moment distributions within the group pile and the restoring force characteristics at the superstructure. Overall, the piles exhibited apparent pinning effects that reduced soil deformation. In addition, the rear-row piles near the quay wall experienced larger bending moments than did the front-row piles, indicating significant pile group effects. The tests showed that lateral spreading could be a primary cause of larger monotonic deformations and bending moments. It can also be concluded that the monotonic bending moments were significantly decreased due to the presence of slow soil flow. The stiffness at the superstructure was reduced because of accumulated excess pore pressure before liquefaction, and it was recovered during lateral spreading. The present study further enhances current understanding of the behavior of low-cap pile foundations under lateral spreading.
文摘AIM:To identity the factors influencing colorectal cancer(CRC) screening behavior and willingness among Chinese outpatients.METHODS:An outpatient-based face-to-face survey was conducted from August 18 to September 7,2010 in Changhai Hospital.A total of 1200 consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years were recruited for interview.The patient's knowledge about CRC and screening was pre-measured as a predictor variable,and other predictors included age,gender,educational level,monthly household income and health insurance status.The relationship between these predictors and screening behavior,screening willingness and screening approach were examined using Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS:Of these outpatients,22.5% had undergone CRC screening prior to this study.Patients who had participated in the screening were more likely to have good knowledge about CRC and screening(OR:5.299,95% CI:3.415-8.223),have health insurance(OR:1.996,95% CI:1.426-2.794) and older in age.Higher income,however,was found to be a barrier to the screening(OR:0.633,95% CI:0.467-0.858).An analysis of screening willingness showed that 37.5% of the patients would voluntarily participated in a screen at the recommended age,but 41.3% would do so under doctor's advice.Screening willingness was positively correlated with the patient's knowledge status.Patients with higher knowledge levels would like to participate in the screening(OR:4.352,95% CI:3.008-6.298),and they would select colonoscopy as a screening approach(OR:3.513,95% CI:2.290-5.389).However,higher income level was,again,a barrier to colonoscopic screening(OR:0.667,95% CI:0.505-0.908).CONCLUSION:Patient's level of knowledge and income should be taken into consideration when conducting a feasible CRC screening.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB1200505)Jiangsu Key Research and Development Plan Project(BE2020663)the Anhui Key Research and Development Plan Project(No.1804a0802202)。
文摘The presence of ethanol has an adverse effect on foam spreading,and ethanol fire is difficult to extinguish with aqueous fire-fighting foams.Thus,it is necessary to explore the foam formulation suitable for ethanol fuels and study the spreading behavior of foam over ethanol surface.In the current work,stable foams based on hydrocarbon surfactant(SDS),fluorocarbon surfactant(FC1157),and polymers(XG)were prepared by using the compressed-air foam system.The spreading behaviors of foam on polar ethanol and non-polar heptane surface were observed and compared.Furthermore,the effects of stabilizer concentrations,foam flow rates and expansion ratios on foam spreading performance were investigated,respectively.The results indicate that aqueous SDS foam can spread on the heptane layer continuously,but it is difficult to cover the ethanol surface.The addition of XG and FC1157 can synergistically improve the spreading performance of aqueous foam over ethanol.Depending on stabilizer concentrations,there are remarkable differences in foam spreading behaviors.Besides,different foam application parameters including expansion ratios and foam flow rates significantly affect the foam spreading rate,despite the same foam formulation.The research methods and results guide the optimal design of foam formulations as well as the practical application of aqueous foam for ethanol fire extinguishment.
文摘The topographic information of a closed world is expressed as a graph. The plural mov- ingobjects which go and back in it according to a single moving strategy are supposed.The moving strategy is expressed by numerical values as a decision table. Coding is performed with this table as chromosomes, and this is optimized by using genetic algorithm. These environments were realized on a computer, and the simulation was carried out. As the result, the learning of the method to act so that moving objects do not obstruct mutually was recognized, and it was confirmed that these methods are effective for optimizing moving strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60574036, 60774088)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of China (20050055013)+2 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (NCET)Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation (08JCZDJC21900,08ZCKFGX00600, 08JCYBJC12300)Tianjin Municipal Research Foundation for the Universities (20071306).
文摘The non-uniform transmission and network topological structure are combined to investigate the spreading behavior of susceptible-infected-susceptible （SIS） epidemic model. Based on the mean-field theory, the analytical and numerical results indicate that the epidemic threshold is correlated with the topology of underlying networks, as well as the disease transmission mechanism. These discoveries can greatly help us to further understand the virus propagation on communication networks.
