Dynamic Behavior and Deformation Analysis of the Fish Cage System Using Mass-Spring Model

Fish cage systems are influenced by various oceanic conditions, and the movements and deformation of the system by the external forces can affect the safety of the system itself, as well as the species of fish being cultivated. Structural durability of the system against environmental factors has been major concern for the marine aquaculture system. In this research, a mathematical model and a simulation method were presented for analyzing the performance of the large-scale fish cage system influenced by current and waves. The cage system consisted of netting, mooring ropes, floats, sinkers and floating collar. All the elements were modeled by use of the mass-spring model. The structures were divided into finite elements and mass points were placed at the mid-point of each element, and mass points were connected by springs without mass. Each mass point was applied to external and internal forces, and total force was calculated in every integration step. The computation method was applied to the dynamic simulation of the actual fish cage systems rigged with synthetic fiber and copper wire simultaneously influenced by current and waves. Here, we also tried to find a relevant ratio between buoyancy and sinking force of the fish cages. The simulation results provide improved understanding of the behavior of the structure and valuable information concerning optimum ratio of the buoyancy to sinking force according to current speeds.

Experimental study on interaction between a positive mass and a negative effective mass through a mass–spring system

We investigate the interaction between a positive mass and a negative effective mass through a three- mass chain connected with elastic springs, a pair of masses is designed to have an effective negative mass, and it interacts with the third positive one as if an equivalent two-mass chain. The dynamics of the equivalent two-mass chain shows that the two bodies may be self-accelerated in same direction when the effective mass becomes negative, the experiment is also conducted to demonstrate this type of motion. We further show that the energy principle （Hamilton＇s principle） is applicable if the energy of the negative mass unit is properly characterized. The result may be relevant to composite with cells of effective negative mass, their interaction with matrix may lead to more richer unexpected macroscopic responses.

Analytical and Experimental Study of Free Vibration of Beams Carrying Multiple Masses and Springs

The structures in engineering can be simplified into elastic beams with concentrated masses and elastic spring supports. Studying the law of vibration of the beams can be a help in guiding its design and avoiding resonance. Based on the Laplace transform method, the mode shape functions and the frequency equations of the beams in the typical boundary conditions are derived. A cantilever beam with a lumped mass and a spring is selected to obtain its natural frequencies and mode shape functions. An experiment was conducted in order to get the modal parameters of the beam based on the NExT-ERA method. By comparing the analytical and experimental results, the effects of the locations of the mass and spring on the modal parameter are discussed. The variation of the natural frequencies was obtained with the changing stiffness coefficient and mass coefficient, respectively. The findings provide a reference for the vibration analysis methods and the lumped parameters layout design of elastic beams used in engineering.

An Air Mass Based Approach to the Establishment of Spring Season Synoptic Characteristics in the Northeast United States

The Northeast United States spring is indicative of major meteorological and biological change though the seasonal boundaries are difficult to define and may even be changing with global climate warming. This research aims to obtain a synoptic meteorological definition of the spring season through an assessment of air mass frequency over the past 60 years. The validity of recent speculations that the onset and termination of spring have changed in recent decades with global change is also examined. The Spatial Synoptic Classification is utilized to define daily air masses over the region. Annual and seasonal baseline frequencies are identified and their differences are acquired to characterize the season. Seasonal frequency departures of the early and late segments of the period of record are calculated and examined for practical and statistical significance. The daily boundaries of early and late spring are also isolated and assessed across the period of record to identify important changes in the season’s initiation and termination through time. Results indicate that the Northeast spring season is dominated by dry air masses, mainly the Dry Moderate and Dry Polar types. Prior to 1975, more polar air masses are detected while after 1975 more moderate and tropical types are identified. Late spring is characterized by increased variability in all moist air mass frequencies. These findings indicate that, from a synoptic perspective, the season is dry through time but modern springs are also warmer than those of past decades and the initiation of the season is likely arriving earlier. The end of the season represents more variable day-to-day air mass conditions in modern times than detected in past decades.

Solution of an inverse problem for“fixed-fixed”and“fixed-free”spring-mass systems

The tridiagonal coefficient matrix for the ＂fixed-fixed＂ spring-mass system was obtained by changing spring length. And then a new algorithm of the inverse problem was designed to construct the masses and the spring constants from the natural frequencies of the ＂fixed-fixed＂ and ＂fixed-fres＂ spring-mass systems. An example was given to illustrate the results.

Chaotic oscillations in a piecewise linear spring-mass system

Chaotic oscillations are useful in assessing the health of a structure. Hence, simple chaotic systems which can easily be realized mechanically or electro-mechanically are highly desired. We study a new pieeewise linear spring-tnass system. The chaotic behaviour in this system is characterized using bifurcation diagrams and the invariant parameters of the dynamics. We also show that there exists a stochastic analogue of this system, which mimics the dynamical features of its deterministic counterpart. This allows a greater flexibility in practical designs as the chaotic oscillations are obtained either deterministically or stochastically. Also, the oscillations are low dimensional, which reduces the computational resources needed for obtaining the invariant parameters of this system.

Free vibrations of beam-mass-spring systems:analytical analysis with numerical confirmation

Free vibrations of a beam-mass-spring system with different boundary conditions are analyzed both analyt- ically and numerically. In the analytical analysis, the system is divided into three subsystems and the effects of the spring and the point mass are considered as internal boundary con- ditions between any two neighboring subsystems. The par- tial differential equations governing the motion of the sub- systems and internal boundary conditions are then solved us- ing the method of separation of variables. In the numerical analysis, the whole system is considered as a single system and the effects of the spring and point mass are introduced using the Dirac delta function. The Galerkin method is then employed to discretize the equation of motion and the result- ing set of ordinary differential equations are solved via eigen- value analysis. Analytical and numerical results are shown to be in very good agreement.

Mass-Spring-Damper Model with Steady State Parameters for Predicting the Movement of Liquid Column and Temperature Oscillation in Loop Heat Pipe

In order to investigate the mechanism of the temperature oscillation in loop heat pipes,this paper investigated the movement of the phase interface as the changed input power by a mass-spring-damper model.The model was solved with MATLAB and was used to explain the high-frequency and low-amplitude temperature oscillation.Temperature variation with the input power from 20 W to 75 W was investigated based on a LHP prototype in a literature.The model agreed well with the experimental data in the literature.The simulation results suggested that the movement of the liquid column was caused by the fluctuation of pressure difference applied on the liquid column and the stiffness coefficients of the vapor springs increasing with the input power.According to parameter analyses,the temperature oscillation at the outlet of the condenser can be weakened by increasing the mass of the liquid column and keeping the temperature at the outlet of the condenser steady.

Static-deformation based fault diagnosis for damping spring of large vibrating screen

Based on the statics theory, a novel and feasible twice-suspended-mass method(TSMM) was proposed to deal with the seldom-studied issue of fault diagnosis for damping springs of large vibrating screen(LVS). With the static balance characteristic of the screen body/surface as well as the deformation compatibility relation of springs considered, static model of the screen surface under a certain load was established to calculate compression deformation of each spring. Accuracy of the model was validated by both an experiment based on the suspended mass method and the properties of the 3D deformation space in a numerical simulation. Furthermore, by adopting the Taylor formula and the control variate method, quantitative relationship between the change of damping spring deformation and the change of spring stiffness, defined as the deformation sensitive coefficient(DSC), was derived mathematically, from which principle of the TSMM for spring fault diagnosis is clarified. In the end, an experiment was carried out and results show that the TSMM is applicable for diagnosing the fault of single spring in a LVS.

Analysis of the Material Properties of Vehicle Suspension Coil Spring

The suspension coil spring is one of the most important components in a vehicle suspension system. Its primary function is to absorb the vibrational shocks that are occasioned by irregular road surface to provide the vehicle with stability and ride comfort. The main objective of this study is to design a suspension coil spring made of structural steel for light duty vehicles with the aim of weight and cost reduction. This study was motivated by the government of Ghana’s actions to industrialise the automotive sector of the country through government policies and programs. The study made use of high carbon steel and low carbon steel as the control materials and structural steel as the implementing material. This was done to determine the suitability of structural steel for vehicle suspension coil spring. The study analysed parameters such as total deformation, equivalent Von Mises stress, maximum shear stress, and safety factor in the static structural analysis. The fatigue analysis also analysed parameters such as fatigue life and fatigue alternating stress. The results of the study revealed that the suspension spring made of structural steel has superior properties against all the parameters set for this study apart from deformation. The two control materials that are known for suspension coil spring design and manufacture have better properties to withstand deformation than the implementing material.

A novel semi-active TMD with folding variable stiffness spring

An innovative variable stiffness device is proposed and investigated based on numerical simulations. The device, called a folding variable stiffness spring （FVSS）, can be widely used, especially in tuned mass dampers （TMDs） with adaptive stiffness. An important characteristic of FVSS is its capability to change the stiffness between lower and upper bounds through a small change of distance between its supports. This special feature results in lower time-lag errors and readjustment in shorter time intervals. The governing equations of the device are derived and simplified for a symmetrical FVSS with similar elements. This device is then used to control a single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） structure as well as a multi-degree-of-freedom （MDOF） structure via a semi-active TMD. Numerical simulations are conducted to compare several control cases for these structures. To make it more realistic, a real direct current motor with its own limitations is simulated in addition to an ideal control case with no limitations and both the results are compared. It is shown that the proposed device can be effectively used to suppress undesirable vibrations of a structure and considerably improves the performance of the controller compared to a passive device.

星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击动态响应分析

将星型负泊松比结构作为夹层板的夹芯层,建立夹层板的动力学模型,推导出夹芯层的等效弹性参数。基于Hertz理论、一阶剪切变形理论和Hamilton原理推导出夹层板的运动方程,应用Navier法对其进行求解。通过两自由度弹簧-质量模型获得冲击接触力,运用Duhamel积分计算出夹层板受小球冲击后的横向位移。与已经发表的论文中对板接触力和横向位移的预测结果进行对比,验证理论分析模型的有效性。同时对比了星型负泊松比夹层板与负泊松比内凹六边形蜂窝夹层板的低速冲击响应,探讨了星型负泊松比蜂窝夹层板的各项参数对冲击性能的影响。结果显示:随着冲击速度的增大,夹层板的最大接触力和最大横向位移增大,冲击响应持续时间缩短;夹层板的厚度比增大,夹层板的冲击性能增强;胞元的边长比减小,夹层板的冲击性能增强;胞元内凹角度增大,夹层板冲击性能提升。本文可为负泊松比超材料结构和夹层板的抗冲击性能研究提供理论参考。

纬编双面移圈织物多层弹簧-质点结构模型构建与实现

纬编双面移圈织物工艺结构复杂多变,现有系统在进行设计开发时难以直观地展示出织物的组织结构特点。为实现纬编双面移圈织物的组织结构模拟,本文提出了一种纬编双面移圈织物多层弹簧-质点结构模型。首先建立了成圈、集圈、移圈线圈几何结构模型,接着分析了纬编双面移圈织物结构特征,并在传统弹簧-质点模型的基础上构建了多层弹簧-质点模型,然后采用牛顿第二定律和Velocity-Verlet数值积分法求解了多层弹簧-质点模型的最终位置,最终提出了一种纬编双面移圈织物结构模拟的算法流程。本文建立的多层弹簧-质点结构模型能够反映纬编双面移圈织物的组织结构,具有较好的结构模拟效果。

发动机燃油泵附件的管路动力学等效设计及实现

燃油泵附件的管路空间构型复杂,在振动环境试验中直接模拟难以实现。为满足试验要求,采用系统等效缩减/扩展过程(SEREP)方法对管路进行动力学等效设计,选取管路上特定结点为主自由度,并将原管路模型缩减至主自由度模型上,得到缩减质量和刚度矩阵;对子振型矩阵采用SVD分解,使得缩减质量和刚度矩阵进一步简化,得到低阶管路模型的新缩减质量和刚度矩阵参数;提出“质量球—梁弹簧”结构模型,分别用“质量球”和“梁弹簧”来映射缩减的质量和刚度矩阵,进而确定等效设计加工参数;通过实例验证等效设计方法的可行性。结果表明:等效管路与原管路的第一阶频率误差大多在10%以内,满足工程应用要求。

人体分布式动力学模型及其参数识别

建立人体动力学模型获取人体自振频率是土木工程、机械工程、交通工程、航空航天、康复医学等许多领域的共性科学问题,以往研究最常采用的弹簧-质量块-阻尼器集中质量模型,与实际人体质量、刚度沿身高的分布式特性并不相符。本研究提出含有生物自驱力的人体分布参数动力模型,理论上推导了自振频率的表达式,并据此提出了基于步态测试技术的频率识别算法。组织了247名测试者进行步态试验,识别了每位测试者的人体刚度和自振频率,进一步研究了识别参数的概率分布特征,并通过与以往研究结果对比、不同年龄段统计分析等,多角度验证了所提模型的合理性和适用性。

低速冲击下碳纤维面板泡沫夹芯复合材料的损伤分析

主要研究了夹层复合材料受外来载荷作用下的凹痕、横向位移、接触力随时间的变化规律.采用高阶剪切变形理论给出夹层板的广义内力表达式,再由薄板小挠度理论、Hertz接触理论、夹层板平衡方程、Navier法推导出夹层板在外来载荷作用下的动态响应过程.其中,夹层板的接触力和横向位移由两自由度弹簧-质量模型给出.将推导的结果与文献中的理论结果对比,本文计算的误差均不超过6%.并在此基础上比较了不同冲击条件下夹层板的抗冲击性能.

关于魔力弹簧的收缩时间和上端运动问题

针对有关魔力弹簧研究中的几个问题进行探讨和澄清.建立了预收缩力弹簧的模型,推出其形变规律.根据质心运动定理,导出这种弹簧自由下落时,收缩到原长所用的时间、其上端的运动方程和速度公式.研究表明,对于通常演示所用的魔力弹簧,在自由下落时的收缩阶段,其上端不是作匀速直线运动.

速度滑冰比赛服个性化样板生成方法

速度滑冰比赛服是重要的运动装备,为解决速滑比赛服定制中样板与个性化体型匹配度较差和制版效率低的问题,提出一种基于质点-弹簧系统的样板生成方法。首先,扫描运动员三维体型,根据体型特征和比赛服分割线提取各主要衣片的三维模型网格;基于三维网格建立质点-弹簧模型;同时,对比赛服弹性面料进行多角度拉伸试验测量面料力学属性,以确定质点-弹簧模型的参数;然后,将衣片三维模型向二维平面投影,给定模型参数和约束条件在二维平面内对质点-弹簧模型进行迭代,在内部能量最小化目标约束下模型收敛后,获得的边界形状即认为是该衣片的样板;最后,经过服装CAD样板调整和裁剪缝纫等加工工艺步骤制作比赛服样衣,经运动员试穿评价后微调得到最终的个性化比赛服样板。试验结果表明,生成样板的测量误差在可接受范围以内,运动员主观试穿反馈样衣合体度良好,本文方法能够有效实现速度滑冰比赛服个性化样板生成,从而为速滑比赛服定制制版提供有效的技术支持和实用工具。

过山车承载人体模型构建与加速度仿真

针对大型游乐设施运行轨迹复杂,载体加速度测量难的问题,基于多自由度集总参数模型法进行仿真,对过山车中人体部位加速度测量进行研究。将人体视为质量、弹簧和阻尼的刚性体,设置模型参数并通过MATLAB和Isight软件进行仿真;构建四自由度垂向人体振动模型,将模拟数据作为激励输入,根据识别参数对人体振动特性分析,得到一定频域内人体振动加速度响应特性;将实测过山车加速度输入人体模型,进行实测数据与仿真结果的对比分析,进一步验证模型准确性。结果表明通过过山车乘载人体模型对特定位置的实测数据进行仿真,以此得到乘客人体部位的加速度动态响应具有合理性,可以为评估游乐设施乘载安全提供依据。

浅埋爆炸下考虑乘员安全的防雷底板设计理论模型

浅埋爆炸载荷下,为更好地开展装甲车防雷底板设计,建立了考虑附加质量-弹簧-阻尼系统的均质梁动态响应理论模型,并采用有限元仿真分析进行验证,理论与仿真结果吻合良好。基于所建立理论模型,分别讨论了炸药质量、均质梁屈服强度、弹簧刚度、阻尼系数和边界条件对均质梁中点和质量块峰值位移、速度、加速度的影响。结果表明:随着TNT质量增大和均质梁屈服强度减小,均质梁中点峰值位移、质量块峰值位移、速度、加速度都增大;当弹簧刚度相同时,随着阻尼系数的增加,均质梁中点峰值位移减小,质量块峰值加速度增大;当阻尼系数一定时,弹簧刚度对均质梁中点的峰值位移和质量块峰值加速度影响较小;针对不同弹簧刚度,选择适当的阻尼系数可以降低质量块峰值速度。